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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations in the stratospheric ozone field inferred from Nimbus satellite observations (1973)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 106-108 (1973), S. 1254-1263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The ultraviolet Earth radiance data from the backscatter ultraviolet experiment on Nimbus 4 have been inverted to infer ozone profiles using a single Rayleigh scattering model. Two methods of solution give essentially the same results. Comparison of these profiles with simultaneous rocket sounding data shows satisfactory agreement at low and middle latitudes. Vertical cross-sections of ozone mixing ratio along the orbital tracks indicate that while the gross characteristics of the ozone field above 10 mb are under photochemical control, the influence of atmospheric motions can be found up to the 4 mb level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00881077
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stratospheric ozone response to a solar proton event: Hemispheric asymmetries (1980)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 119 (1980), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Ozone ; Solar proton event ; Stratospheric circulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ozone depression in the polar stratosphere during the energetic solar proton event on 4 August 1972 was observed by the backscattered ultraviolet (BUV) experiment on the Nimbus 4 satellite. Distinct asymmetries in the columnar ozone content, the amount of ozone depressions and their temporal variations above 4 mb level (∼38 km) were observed between the two hemispheres. The ozone destroying solar particles precipitate rather symmetrically into the two polar atmospheres due to the geomagnetic dipole field These asymmetries can be therefore ascribed to the differences mainly in dynamics and partly in the solar illumination and the vertical temperature structure between the summer and the winter polar atmospheres. The polar stratosphere is less disturbed and warmer in the summer hemisphere than the winter hemisphere since the propagation of planetary wave from the troposphere is inhibited by the wind system in the upper troposphere, and the air is heated by the prolonged solar insolation. Correspondingly, the temporal variations of stratospheric ozone depletion and its recovery appear to be smooth functions of time in the (northern) summer hemisphere and the undisturbed ozone amount is slighily, less than that of its counterpart. On the other hand, the tempotal variation of the upper stratospheric ozone in the winter polar atmosphere (southern hemisphere) indicates large amplitudes and irregularities due to the disturbances produced by upward propagating waves which prevail in the polar winter atmosphere. These characteristic differences between the two polar atmospheres are also evident in the vertical distributions of temperature and wind observed by balloons and rocker soundings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878715
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Nimbus-4 Backscatter Ultraviolet (BUV) atmospheric ozone experiment — tow years' operation (1973)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 106-108 (1973), S. 1238-1253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary In April 1970 the Backscatter Ultraviolet (BUV) experiment was placed into orbit aboard the Nimbus-4 satellite. This double monochromator experiment measures ultraviolet terrestrial radiance at twelve discrete wavelengths between 2550 Å and 3400 Å. Approximately 100 scans covering a 230 km square are made between terminator crossings on the daylight side of the earth. A colinear photometer channel with the same field of view is used to derive the Lambert reflectivity of the lower boundary of the scattering atmosphere. The extraterrestrial solar irradiance is measured at the northern terminator. The instrument has currently produced almost three years of nearly continuous data which are being used to infer the high-level ozone distribution and total ozone on a global basis. The high-level ozone data have been verified by independent coincident rocket ozone soundings, and the total ozone values show good agreement with Dobson spectrophotometer determinations as well as those made with the Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer also on Nimbus-4. An increase has been observed in equatorial radiance at 2550 Å relative to 2900 Å, which seems to indicate that the amount of ozone in the upper stratosphere is related to the eleven-year solar cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00881076
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Replenishment Analysis in Distribution Requirements Planning (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 19 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Most research on lot sizing has been for the case of a manufacturing system. In this paper, analogous issues are studied for a distribution network. Specifically, we consider the choice of shipment quantities within distribution requirements planning (DRP). A simulation model of DRP in a multi-echelon, rolling-schedule environment is used to examine, in conditions of both certain and uncertain demand, the performance of five lot-sizing rules.We conducted a full-factorial experiment in which four additional parameters were varied: distribution network structure (two options), demand distribution (three options), forecast error distribution (three options), and ordering cost (three values), as suggested by the consulting study which motivated our research.We found that for DRP, contrary to the “shop floor” wisdom on MRP, the choice of lot-sizing method can be important. Generally the Silver-Meal and Bookbinder-Tan heuristics were significantly better than the other methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1988.tb00281.x
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  • 5
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    Unknown
    Meo: Lebanon: Improbable Nation (Book Review) (1966)
    Washington : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Middle East Journal. 20:1 (1966:Winter) 119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0026-3141
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Sociology , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Arab World
    Notes: BOOK REVIEWS
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:1158-1966-020-01-000014
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of high altitude on platelet counts, thrombopoietin and erythropoietin levels in young Bolivian airmen visiting the Andes (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 43 (1999), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Key words Altitude ; Erythropoietin ; Platelets ; Thrombopoietin ; Thrombosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Recognition of thrombosis as a complication of exposure to high altitude has stimulated interest in rheological changes resulting from hypobaric hypoxia. Previous studies of platelet counts at high altitude have yielded conflicting results and have not been studied in conjunction with potential mediating cytokines. We studied the effects of high-altitude exposure on platelet numbers, thrombopoietin (tpo) and erythropoietin (epo) levels in man. A group of 28 volunteers from the Bolivian Airforce stationed at Santa Cruz (600 m altitude) were studied 48 h and 1 week after their ascent to La Paz (3600 m). In addition 105 volunteers based at Santa Cruz for at least 1 year were compared with 175 age- and sex-matched residents at El Alto (4200 m). Platelet counts were measured immediately after sampling and serum samples assayed for tpo and epo. In the ascending group, mean platelet counts were 251×109, 367×109 and 398×109/l at 600 m and following 48 h and 1 week at 3600 m respectively. Mean tpo levels were 132.5, 76 and 92 pg/ml with epo values of 2.98, 11.6 and 7.9 mIU/ml respectively. In the resident populations mean platelet counts were 271×109/l in the low- and 471×109/l in the high-altitude groups. Mean tpo and epo levels measured 69.3 pg/ml and 4.5 mIU/ml respectively at 600 m and 58.5 pg/ml and 5.1 mIU/ml at 4200 m. In conclusion we have demonstrated a significant and sustained elevation in platelet numbers within 48 h of ascent to high altitude. Our findings do not support a role for tpo as a mediator of the increased platelet count. However, these data do not discount epo as a potential candidate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004840050120
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulmonary vascular disease in a rabbit a high altitude (1990)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 34 (1990), S. 20-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: High altitude ; Pulmonary vascular disease ; Raboit ; Bolivia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A male weanling rabbit of the New Zealand White strain, born and living at an altitude of 3800 m in La Paz, Bolivia, developed right ventricular hypertrophy. This was found to be associated with growth of vascular smooth muscle cells in the intima of pulmonary arterioles, and contrasted with muscularization of the walls of pulmonary arterioles, without extension into the intima, found in a healthy, high-altitude control rabbit of the same strain. A low-altitude control showed no such muscularization. It is concluded that alveolar hypoxia, acting directly or through an intermediate agent, is a growth factor for vascular smooth muscle cells in pulmonary arterioles. This is the first report of pulmonary vascular disease due to high altitude in rabbits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045815
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological changes in the pituitary-adrenocortical axis in natives of La Paz (1991)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 35 (1991), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: High altitude ; Hypoxia ; Endocrine ; Pituitary-adrenal axis ; Bolivia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis is part of the response to the stress of initial exposure to hypoxia, but there is evidence to suggest that it persists after homeostatic stability has been regained and acclimatization achieved. The adrenal glands of five lifelong residents of La Paz, Bolivia, who had lived at altitudes in the range 3600–3800 m, were significantly larger than those in age-matched controls from sea level (15.3g vs 10.4g;P〈0.001) and appeared hyperplastic. The pituitary glands of the highlanders were not significantly different in size from those of the controls (0.67 g vs 0.51 g), but contained larger populations of corticotrophs expressed in terms of the total cell population of their anterior lobes (25.6% vs 19.4%;P〈0.001). In conjunction with other studies of this endocrine axis in man and animals exposed to a hypoxic environment, these data suggest that greater amounts of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) are required to maintain normal adrenocortical function under such circumstances, probably as a result of hypoxic inhibition of adrenocortical sensitivity to stimulation. Physiological hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex may be common in people living at high altitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01040955
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulmonary vascular remodelling in a high-altitude Aymara Indian (1991)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 35 (1991), S. 203-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: High altitude ; Pulmonary vascular disease ; Alymara Indian ; Bolivia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A histological study of the pulmonary vasculature in a young male high-altitude Aymara Indian revealed four aspects of interest. There was muscularization of the terminal portion of the pulmonary arterial tree to involve pulmonary arterioles as small as 15 μm in diameter, thus forming a basis for the slightly increased pulmonary vascular resistance of native highlanders. Intimal longitudinal muscle was found in pulmonary arteries and arterioles and thought to be due to chronic alveolar hypoxia. Inner muscular tubes similar to those found in chronic obstructive lung disease were present. Pulmonary veins and venules also showed intimal muscularization suggesting that alveolar hypoxia affects vascular smooth muscle cells per se irrespective of their situation. The nature of the remodelling in a pulmonary blood vessel depends on a combination of hypoxia and haemodynamics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047286
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-seasonal changes in total column ozone from satellite observations, 197086 (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 332 (1988), S. 219-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Analyses of non-seasonal changes in total column ozone from satellite observations during the period 197086 suggest, when combined with analyses of Dobson network data, that the largest reduction in global ozone since 1959 occurred between 1978 and 1986. The existence of an Arctic region of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/332219a0
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