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  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Zea mays L.) to establish the appropriate effective population size for recurrent selection programs. The objective of this study was to compare the response to S1-progeny selection in four selection programs (5-S1, 10-S1, 20-S1, and 30-S1). Each program had different numbers of individuals intermated (5, 10, 20, or 30, respectively) with a common selection intensity of 20%. Four cycles of selection were completed for the 5-S1, 10-S1, and 30-S1 programs and five cycles of selection were completed for the 20-S1 program. Grain yield increased significantly for the 10-S1, 20-S1, and 30-S1 programs, and there were no significant differences in rates of response among programs. Grain yield decreased signficantly in the 5-S1 program. All four programs improved significantly for grain yield of testcrosses with 'Pioneer Two-ear Composite', Cycle 0 (BS11C0) and the inbred B79. These results suggest that drift becomes a stronger force in altering allele frequencies than selection when fewer than 10 lines are recombined. There does not seem to be an advantage, at least in the short term, of recombining more than 10 lines per cycle of selection.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Zea mays L.), especially grain yield, display low correlations between the trait values observed in inbred and hybrid progeny. Comparisons of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling inbred per se and hybrid performance are needed to understand the underlying genetic factors, and to determine the utility of QTL detected in the two progeny types. DNA markers were used to identify QTL for grain yield and grain moisture in hybrid progeny of F2:3 and F6:8 lines from a Mo17xH99 population. For both generations, testcross progeny were developed by crossing the lines to three inbred testers (B91, A632, B73). Each testcross population was evaluated in field trials with two replications in eight environments. The testcross progeny from the two generations were evaluated at the same locations but in different years. QTL were identified within each testcross population and for mean testcross (MTC) performance. Individual tester QTL effects were not consistent in rank or detection across generations; however, parental contributions were consistent. MTC effects were more consistent across generations with most of the QTL with large effects being detected across generations. QTL detected with only one tester were not necessarily detected for the other two testers, especially for grain yield, but parental contributions were consistent when QTL were detected in a region for more than one tester. The QTL for grain yield identified in this population for inbred and hybrid progeny show only partial correspondence, indicating that marker-assisted selection programs would need to identify and incorporate QTL for both progeny types.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Crop science 38 (1998), S. 308-321 
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Zea mays L.) breeders to improve the performance of maize populations for quantitatively inherited traits. Although theoretical comparisons of such methods can be easily made, direct comparisons of the efficiencies of methods are time consuming and laborious. Because of these limitations, empirical data comparing multiple recurrent selection methods in the same base population are lacking for maize. Our study was designed to compare the response to selection for seven different methods (six intra- and one inter- population) in the BS11 maize population. A minimum of four cycles of selection were conducted for each of the following methods: mass, modified ear-to-row, half-sib with inbred tester, full-sib, S1-progeny, S2-progeny, and reciprocal full-sib selection. Selections for all programs except mass and reciprocal full-sib were based on an index composed of grain yield, grain moisture, stalk lodging, and root lodging. Each trait in the selection index was weighted according to its heritability. The populations per se, populations selfed, and testcrosses of the populations to the Cycle 0 population and to inbred B79 were evaluated in our study. Response to selection was measured for grain yield, grain moisture, stalk lodging, and root lodging along with other agronomic traits. All selection methods were successful in significantly improving the population per se performance for grain yield. S2-progency selection had the greatest response for grain yield of 4.5% cycle-1 and mass selection had the lowest response (0.6 % cycle 1). All selection programs in which index selection was practiced, except for modified ear-to-row, were successful in improving the populations per se for all four traits simultaneously. Unlike some previous studies, inbred-progeny selection methods (S1,S2) performed well in BS11 in comparison with other selection methods.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Crop science 38 (1998), S. 1099-1107 
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Zea mays L.) were completed in the Iowa Long Ear Synthetic (BSLE) cultivar to determine the effect of ear length selection on grain yield. The original population, selected cycles, and their crosses were evaluated at five Iowa sites for 2 yr to estimate direct and correlated responses to selection. S1 lines form the original population and from the 24th cycles of selection were evaluated to determine the effect of selection on the genetic variability for ear length and correlated traits. Divergent mass selection was effective to modify ear length: ear length increased 1.4% (b1 = 0.27 cm ± 0.03) cycle -1 of selection for longer ears and decreased 1.9% (b1 = -0.37 cm ± 0.03) cycle-1 of selection for shorter ears. Selection for shorter ears was accompanied by a significant decrease of grain yield of 1.7% (b1 = -0.08 Mg ha-1± 0.01) cycle-1 of selection, with no change in yield with selection for longer ears. Selection for shorter ears significantly increased kernel-row number per cycle (b1 = -0.11 ± .01) and ear diameter (b1 = -0.20 cm ± 0.01). No heterosis was observed in the crosses between corresponding cycles of selection. There was some evidence that genetic variation had decreased with selection.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Zea mays L.) breeders because pedigree selection methods were effective in developing improved inbred lines. RRS as been used successfully, but modified reciprocal recurrent selection (MRRS) uses elite inbred lines as testers, which may be more useful in applied breeding programs. A study was conducted to compare responses to selection via RRS and MRRS in the BS21 and BS22 maize populations. After six cycles of RRS and MRRS, an experiment was conducted to determine the direct and the indirect responses to selection. The populations themselves, testcrosses to inbred testers, and crosses between BS21 and BS22 were evaluated at four locations for 2 yr. Grain yield increased significantly in all population crosses. Direct response to selection was greater for the RRS method than for the MRRS method: 4.4% cycle-1 for BS21( R) × BS22(R ); 2.8% cycle-1 for BS21 (HI) × A632; and 1.6% cycle for BS22(HI) × H99. .RRS was as effective as MRRS for improving grain yield of BS21 (R ) and BS22 (R ) in crosses with A632 and H99, but MRRS was not as effective as RRS in the improvement of the BS21 (HI) × BS22 (HI) cross populations: 1.6%-1 cycle for BS21(HI) × BS22(HI) vs. 4.4% cycle-1 for BS21(R ) × BS22 (R ). There was no evidence that the genetic variation among testcrosses for grain yield was greater with use of inbred lines as testers compared with use of populations as testers.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 37 (1967), S. 178-185 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Iowa Ideal ist eine weißkörnige, frei-abblühende Mais-Sorte, die zur Erhöhung des Kornertrages der Massen- (oder Einzelpflanzen-) Selektion unterworfen war. Um Vergleiche zwischen dem tatsächlichen und erwarteten Erfolg der Selektion auf höheren Kornertrag anstellen zu können, wurde mit der Originalsorte Iowa Ideal ein Paarungsprogramm durchgeführt. 96 Halbgeschwister-Familien mit 384 Vollgeschwister-Familien wurden hergestellt und an 3 Orten untersucht. Für Kornertrag und weitere 8 Merkmale wurden Schätzungen der additiven und totalen genetischen Varianzen erhalten. Unter der Annahme des Fehlens von Epistasie ergab sich für alle Merkmale, daß additive Wirkungen den größten Anteil an der genetischen Gesamtvarianz hatten. Die Schätzungen für den Ertrag zeigten, daß etwa 80% der genetischen Gesamtvarianz additiv waren. Das würde bedeuten, daß jede Art von Selektion innerhalb der Populationen anfänglich wirksam sein müßte, um die Frequenz günstiger ertragsbestimmender Faktoren zu erhöhen. An Hand additiv genetischer, genotypischer und phänotypischer Korrelationen wurde gezeigt, daß die Kolbenlänge bei der Sorte Iowa Ideal die wichtigste Ertragskomponente ist. Die erste Untersuchung der Ausgangspopulation und dreier rekonstituierter Populationen, die aus gleichen Samenmengen selektierter Einzelkolben gebildet wurden, erfolgte 1965. Die tatsächliche Erhöhung des Kornertrages war geringer als anhand der Schätzungen der Varianzkomponenten erwartet wurde. Bei einer Selektionsintensität von 7,5% in jedem Selektionszyklus betrug die tatsächliche Ertragssteigerung 1,4% je Zyklus oder Jahr. Das bedeutet, daß entweder die additive genetische Varianz überbewertet wurde oder die Technik der Einzelpflanzen-selektion nicht präzis genug war, um die ertragreicheren Genotypen bei der Selektion einwandfrei herauszufinden.
    Notes: Summary Iowa Ideal is a white, open-pollinated variety of corn that has been under mass selection (or individual plant selection) for the improvement of grain yield. In order to make a comparison between the observed and predicted response to selection for increased grain yield, a mating design was imposed on the original Iowa Ideal variety. Ninety-six half-sib families containing 384 full-sib families were developed and evaluated in three environments. Estimates of additive and total genetic variances were obtained for grain yield and eight other traits. For all traits, the estimates indicated that the greatest proportion of the total genetic variance was due to additive effects; this was under the assumption of no epistasis. The estimates for yield indicated that approximate 80% of the total genetic variance was additive. This would indicate that some form of intra-population selection should be effective, initially, for increasing the frequency of favorable factors determining yield. Additive genetic, genotypic, and phenotypic correlations showed that ear length was the most important component of yield in the Iowa Ideal variety. The initial evaluation of the original and three reconstituted populations, formed by compositing equal quantities of seed from individually selected ears, was made in 1965. The observed progress for increased grain yield was less than the predicted on the basis of the variance component estimates. For a selection intensity of 7.5% in each cycle of selection, observed progress for increased grain yield was 1.5% per cycle or year. Either the estimates of additive genetic variance were over-estimated, or the individual plant selection techniques were not precise enough to properly identify the higher-yielding genotypes in the selection program.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 117-127 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Zea mays ; maize ; diallel ; yield ; exotic ; synthetic varieties ; recurrent selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A 7-variety diallel of synthetic varieties that have not had selection for yield improvement and a 10-variety diallel of synthetic varieties that either resulted from recurrent selection for yield improvement or from the introgression of exotic germ plasm into adapted varieties were evaluated in six environments for yield and five other agronomic traits. The specific objective was to determine the relative potential of the synthetic varieties as germ plasm sources for breeding programs. Recurrent selection improved population yield in ‘BSSS CO’, ‘BSK CO’, and ‘Alph CO’ in the varieties and also in crosses with other varieties. ‘BSSS(R)C6’ and ‘BSSS(HT)C7’ yielded 11.4% and 16.1% more than ‘BSSS CO’, and the variety crosses of ‘BSSS(R)C6’ and ‘BSSS(HT)C7’ yielded 21.6% and 22.0% more than the variety crosses of ‘BSSS CO’. Recurrent selection also improved stalk-lodging resistance for ‘BSSS(R)C6’ and ‘BSSS(HT)C7’, but root lodging for ‘BSSS(HT)C7’ was significantly higher. ‘BS15’ had 61.0% higher yields than ‘Alph CO’, with 9.3% less stalk lodging. Average heterosis of the 10-variety diallel was 1120 kg/ha (19.6%) and ranged from 800 kg/ha (13.7%) for ‘BSK(S)C5’ to 1770 kg/ha (39.4%) for ‘BS12(HI)C5’. The heterosis expressed among individual variety crosses ranged from 4.3% for ‘BSK(S)C5’ x ‘BSTE(FR)C1’ to 37.6% for ‘BSSS(R)C6’ x ‘BS12(HI)C5’, which approached the yield of the two highest yielding single-cross checks. In the 7-variety diallel of unselected varieties, ‘BSTE CO’ and ‘Late Rootworm Synthetic’ were superior as varieties and in crosses for yield and stalk quality. Average heterosis for the 7-variety diallel was 950 kg/ha (18.5%). Stalk lodging was important in the performance of varieties with poor stalk quality. Although recurrent selection improved yield, development of superior breeding populations also will require selection for general agronomic performance. The performance of ‘BS16’ and the yields of ‘BSTL’ and ‘Teozea’ and their crosses suggest that exotic germ plasm should receive greater attention.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1992-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0011-183X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0653
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1961-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-1962
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0645
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-05-31
    Print ISSN: 1936-5209
    Electronic ISSN: 1940-3496
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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