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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 24 (1902), S. 570-573 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 29 (1907), S. 692-714 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 24 (1902), S. 918-927 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure 13 (1984), S. 105-124 
    ISSN: 0084-6589
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    BioControl 33 (1988), S. 495-503 
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: House fly ; stable fly ; Spalangia nigra ; parasitism ; filth flies ; mouche domestique ; mouche des étables ; Spalangia nigra ; parasitisme ; mouches détritiphages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé A 21 °C,Spalangia nigra Latreille (Hym.: Pteromalidae) se développe en 29,3 j en moyenne entre l'exposition et l'émergence des 1ers descendants issus de l'hôte, les mouches domestiquesMusca domestica L. (Dipt.: Muscidae). A 27 °C, la durée moyenne de développement des 1ers adultes se réduisait à 26,6 j et une majorité de parasites émergeait des pupes de la mouche domestique hôte entre 29 et 40 j après la ponte. Le rapport des sexes de la descendance variait de 1,4 à 1,8 ♀/♂ mais toute la descendance des femelles vierges était mâle. Les ♀ adultes de l'hyménoptère vivaient de 6,8 à 15 j et les ♂ de 11 à 17,8 j à 27 °C: le miel en tant que source de nourriture accroissait la longévité. Il n'y avait pas de différences significatives dans l'importance du parasitisme parS. nigra pour des densités d'hôtes allant de 1 à 200 pupes par couple d'hyménoptères, mais le pourcentage de parasitisme moyen décroissait pour des densités d'hôtes supérieures à 50. Des pupes de mouche domestique exposées aux parasites à des âges s'échelonnant de 4 à 96 h n'entraînaient aucune différence dans la production ultérieure des mouches adultes.S. nigra ne manifestait aucune préférence pour les mouches domestiques ou les mouches des établesStomoxys calcitans (L) (Dipt.: Muscidae) comme hôtes. Les résultats de ces études indiquent queS. nigra peut contribuer d'une façon significative à la mortalité des mouches domestiques et des étables, inexpliquée antérieurement.
    Notes: Abstract At 21 °C,Spalangia nigra Latreille (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) averaged 29.3 days between exposure and emergence of 1st progeny from host house flies,Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). At 27 °C, the average developmental time to 1st emergence was reduced to 26.6 days, and a majority of adult wasps emerged from host house fly puparia between 29 and 40 days postoviposition. The sex ratio of progeny ranged from 1.4 to 1.8 female-to-male, but all progeny of virgin females were male. Male wasps lived from 6.8–15 and females 11–17.8 days at 27 °C; honey as a food source increased longevity. No significant differences in parasitism byS. nigra were associated with host house fly pupal densities ranging from 1 to 200 pupae per female-male pair of wasps, but average percent parasitism decreased at host densities greater than 50. House fly pupae exposed to parasitism at ages ranging from 4 to 96 h did not differ in subsequent production of adult flies.S. nigra did not demonstrate preference for house flies or stable flies,Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) as hosts. The results of these studies indicate thatS. nigra may contribute significantly to previously unexplained mortality of house flies and stable flies.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 84 (1992), S. 763-770 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lolium perenne ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Asymmetric protoplast fusion ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Recombination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Techniques have been developed for the production of cybrids in Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass). Gamma-irradiated protoplasts of a cytoplasmically male-sterile breeding line of perennial ryegrass (B200) were fused with iodoacetamide-treated protoplasts of a fertile breeding line (Jon 401). After fusion 25 putative cybrid calli were characterized to determine mitochondrion type and composition of the nuclear genome. Analysis of phosphoglucoisomerase isozyme profiles and determination of the ploidy level by flow cytometry indicated that all of the calli tested essentially contained the nuclear DNA of the fertile line. However, the presence of parts of the nuclear DNA from the sterile line could not be excluded. Southern blotting of total DNA isolated from the parental lines and putative cybrids combined with hybridizations using the mitochondrial probes cox1 and atp6 revealed that the mitochondria of the calli originated from the fertile line (5 calli), the sterile line (5 calli) or from both parental lines (15 calli). The hybridization patterns of the mtDNA from the cybrid calli showed extensive quantitative and qualitative variation, suggesting that fusion-induced inter- or intramolecular mitochondrial recombination had taken place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 79 (1990), S. 390-396 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; Protoplasts ; Regeneration ; CMS ; mtDNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary For our program on the transfer of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) by cybridization inBeta vulgaris L. (sugar beet), we have developed a procedure for the isolation and culture of mesophyll protoplasts of sugar beet followed by shoot regeneration. A prerequisite proved to be the presence in the media of n-propylgallate (nPG), a lipoxygenase inhibitor. Sustained divisions were found in all accessions that were tested. Plating efficiencies and regeneration ability varied greatly from one experiment to the other and appeared to be accession-dependent. Shoots could be easily transferred to soil. A majority of the regenerants (72%) retained the diploid chromosome number. Somaclonar variation in phenotype was low (4.9%). Mitochondrial DNA probes, capable of discriminating different cytoplasms ofBeta spp. showed no rearrangements due to the protoplast and in vitro culture phase, indicating that these probes can be used to identify cybrids after asymmetric fusions. The data presented here open up possibilities for genetic engineering using protoplasts in one of the world's most important arable crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 31 (1992), S. 223-232 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; cytoplasmic male sterility ; cytoplast ; gradient centrifugation ; Lolium perenne
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methods for the isolation of cytoplasts from suspension culture-derived protoplasts of the monocot Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) and the dicot Beta vulgaris (sugarbeet) have been determined. After comparing a range of gradients it was found that a discontinuous sucrose/mannitol gradient gave the highest cytoplast yields for both species tested: of the protoplasts loaded onto the gradient, for Beta 〉30% and for Lolium up to 45% could be recovered as cytoplasts. Sufficient protoplasts could be loaded onto the gradient to produce suitable numbers of cytoplasts for use in asymmetric somatic hybridisation experiments. Cytoplasts could be isolated from several suspension cultures of different ages. The cytoplast fraction was recovered from the upper part of the gradient in all cases and was only slightly contaminated (2–8%) with protoplasts. Lolium cytoplasts were small, evacuolate cells with granular cytoplasm. In contrast, Beta cytoplasts were larger and predominantly vacuolate. Both contained mitochondria as determined using fluorescence staining.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 74 (1928), S. 356-359 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1902-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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