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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conidial concentration as an important factor determining the type of prepenetration structures formed by Botrytis cinerea on leaves of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 32 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: inoculations of primary leaves of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) with conidia of Botrytis cinerea, suspended in 0.11 or 0.28 M glucose supplemented with 0.067 M KH2PO4 or 1 mM Na-ATP as infection stimulants, yielded mostly spreading lesions. Light microscopy revealed that the fungus could develop three types of prepenetration structures from which penetration started: germ tube apices (GA) either non-swollen or appearing as an appressorium-like swelling; appressoria (HA) of different forms produced on branched germ tubes or superficial liyphae; and infection cushions (IC). These structures were also formed on leaves of cucumber and tomato.Penetration from the prepenetration structures was not markedly influenced by the glucose concentration in the inoculum or by host plant species, and varied only slightly with the isolate of B. cinerea. Penetration occurring from GA was greatly enhanced at high conidial concentrations. Low conidial concentrations, however, enhanced penetration starting from HA or IC, penetration from these structures also being dependent on the nature of the stimulant added to the glucose in the inoculum. The high proportion of GA in inocula with a high conidial concentration was associated with a rapid penetration and a rapid formation of spreading lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1983.tb02833.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ambipolar diffusion length measured by the surface photovoltage technique (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 1381-1383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The surface photovoltage (SPV) technique is often used to determine the diffusion length in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). The use of this technique for a-Si:H is disputed because it has been shown by computer simulations that the drift component is not negligible compared to the diffusion current in SPV measurements on a-Si:H. For crystalline semiconductors the SPV technique gives the minority-carrier diffusion length while the drift current is negligible. We found from the solution of the transport equations that the SPV technique can be used in the case of a-Si:H, but gives the ambipolar diffusion length which consists of the mobility and lifetime of both holes and electrons. However, the term diffusion length is misleading since the hole drift current and the hole diffusion current are of the same order of magnitude for a-Si:H. This result is in accordance with the results of the computer simulations mentioned earlier. The drift current assists the diffusion current and increases the measured diffusion length by a factor (2)1/2 compared to the situation with diffusion current alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346691
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microelectrode measurement of ammonium profiles in freshwater sediments (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 9 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1991.tb01732.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of light and dark on attack of bean leaves by Alternaria zinniae (1970)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 76 (1970), S. 192-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Bonebladeren, geïnoculeerd met sporen vanAlternaria zinniae, vertoonden na 3 dagen incubatie in het licht kleine paarsbruine lesies (Fig. 1A). Na incubatie gedurende 1 tot 3 dagen in het donker ontstonden necrotische vlekken (Fig. 1B), waarvan de grootte toenam met de lengte van de incubatieperiode in het donker (Tabel 1). Toediening van cultuurfiltraten vanA. zinniae aan de bladeren veroorzaakte dezelfde symptomen als inoculatie met sporensuspensies. De grotere vatbaarheid van bonebladeren voor deze schimmel in het donker is waarschijnlijk te wijten aan een verhoogde gevoeligheid voor een toxische stof, mogelijk zinniol, gevormd doorA. zinniae.
    Notes: Abstract Bean leaves inoculated with spores ofAlternaria zinniae showed small purplish brown lesions after incubation in light for 3 days. After incubation in darkness for 1–3 days necrotic spots were formed, the size of which increased with increasing length of the period of incubation in darkness. Application of culture filtrates ofA. zinniae to the leaves caused the same symptoms as did inoculation with spore suspensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974330
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pectic enzymes associated with phosphate-stimulated infection of French bean leaves by Botrytis cinerea (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 91 (1985), S. 253-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: polygalacturonases ; pectin esterases ; orthophosphate ; ATP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Botrytis cinerea vormde vlot polygalacturonasen en pectineësterasen in schudculturen in Richards' medium dat wel orthofosfaat maar geen pectineachtig materiaal of galacturonzuur bevatte. In inoculumdruppels met glucose +KH2PO4 of met glucose + Na-ATP, waarmee een vatbare reactie in bonebladeren kon worden opgewekt, vormdeB. cinerea verschillende pectolytische enzymen. In inoculumdruppels met glucose maar zonder fosfaat, waarmee een resistente reactie werd teweeggedbracht, bleeff de activiteit van pectolytische enzymen gering. Aangezien de enzymactiviteiten al begonnen toe te nemen tijdens de binnendringingsfase van het infectieproces, wordt verondersteld dat deze door fosfaat gestimuleerde activiteiten van pectolytische enzymen althans ten dele verantwoordelijk ziijn voor de door fosfaat gestimuleerde vatbare interactie tussen bonebladeren enB. cinerea. Elektroforese in pectine-polyacrylamidegels liet de toename zien van twee polygalacturonasen met een hoog isoëlektrisch punt tijdens de binnendringingsfase van het infectieproces.
    Notes: Abstract Botrytis cinerea readily produced polygalacturonases and pectin esterases in shake cultures of Richards' medium containing orthophosphate and no pectinaceous material or galacturonic acid. In inoculum droplets containing glucose and KH2PO4 or glucose and Na-ATP, which were used to evoke a susceptible reaction in French bean leaves,B. cinerea produced pectic enzymes. However, in inoculum droplets containing glucose but lacking phosphate, used to evoke a resistant reaction, activities of pectic enzymes remained low. As the enzyme activities already increased during the penetration stage of the infection process, it is assumed that these phosphatestimulated activities of pectic enzymes are, at least partially, responsible for the phosphatestimulated susceptible interaction between French bean leaves andB. cinerea. Electrophoresis in pectin-polyacrylamide gels showed that two polygalacturonases with a high isoelectric point value were associated with the penetration stage of the infection process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02000011
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substances in dead plant tissue that stimulate infection of French bean leaves by Botrytis cinerea (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 93 (1987), S. 135-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: glucose ; sugars ; orthophosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting In primaire bonebladeren onstonden zich uitbreidende lesies na inoculatie met stukjes dood boneweefsel waarop een druppeltje van een suspensie van conidiën vanBotrytis cinerea was aangebracht, maar ook na inoculatie met condiën in een diffussat van dood weefsel. Na fractionering van waterige extracten van dode bonebladeren bleek de infectiestimulerende activiteit gebonden te zijn aan de suiker- en fosfaatesterfracties. De infectiestimulerende activiteit en de concentraties van koolhydraten en orthofosfaat in extracten van met vloeibare N2 gedode bonebladeren varieerden enigszins met wijze en mate van veroudering. Er werd echter geen vaste correlative waargenomen tussen infectiestimulerende activiteit en concentratie van bepaalde stoffen. Dit gold ook voor extracten van andere dode boneweefsels. De infectiestimulatie teweeggebracht door extracten van dode bloemen van verschillende plantesoorten was evenwel nauw gecorreleerd met de orthofosfaatconcentratie. Inoculatie met sporensuspensies waaraan orthofosfaat en suikers waren toegevoegd tot de concentraties gelijk waren aan die in de extracten, gaf veel minder infectie dan die met sporen gesuspendeerd in de extracten zelf. Daarom wordt geconcludeerd dat naast eenvoudige koolhydraten en orthofosfaat een of meer andere stoffen in de extracten betrokken zijn bij de stimulatie van de infectie.
    Notes: Abstract Spreading lesions were found in primary leaves of French bean after inoculation with pieces of dead bean tissue on which a droplet of a suspension ofBotrytis cinerea conidia was placed, and after inoculation with conidia suspended in a diffusate from dead tissue. After fractionation of aqueous extracts from dead bean leaves, the infection-stimulating activity was confined to the fractions containing sugars and phosphate esters. The infection-stimulating activity and the concentrations of carbohydrates and orthophosphate in extracts of liquid N2-killed bean leaves varied slightly with the manner and degree of senescence. No consistent correlation, however, was observed between infection-stimulating activity and concentration of particular components. This was also true for extracts from other dead bean tissues. The stimulation of infection exhibited by extracts from dead flowers of different plant species, however, was closely correlated with the orthophosphate concentration. Inocula containing only orthophosphate and sugars in the same concentrations as found in the extracts, did not stimulate the infection to the same extent as the extracts did. It is concluded that, in addition to simple carbohydrates and orthophosphate, one or more other compounds in the extracts are involved in the stimulation of infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02000564
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of phaseollin by different races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 82 (1976), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Een vergelijkend onderzoek werd verricht naar het vermogen van vier fysiologische rassen van het bonepathogeenColletotrichum lindemuthianum om het fytoalexine phaseolline om te zetten. In schudculturen waaraan 10 μg phaseolline/ml was toegevoegd, werd dit door alle fysio's op gelijke wijze omgezet, hoewel met verschillende snelheid (Fig. 1). Steeds werd phaseolline eerst omgezet tot 6a-hydroxyphaseolline, en dit produkt vervolgens tot een verbinding die geïdentificeerd kon worden als 6a, 7-dihydroxyphaseolline. Hierna konden geen verdere produkten worden aangetoond. 6a, 7-Dihydroxyphaseolline was even fungitoxisch als phaseolline voor fysio δ11, maar was slechts weinig fungitoxisch voor de fysio's α1, α2 en γ1 (Tabel 1). De verschillen in omzettingssnelheid van phaseolline en in gevoeligheid voor phaseolline ee zijn omzettingsprodukten die tussen de fysio's gevonden zijn, zijn onvoldoende om de fysiospecifieke interacties tussen de boon en de verschillende fysio's vanC. lindemuthianum te verklaren.
    Notes: Abstract The ability of four races of the bean pathogenColletotrichum lindemuthianum to metabolize the phytoalexin phaseollin in shake cultures was compared. Apart from some differences in the rate of conversion, all races metabolized the phytoalexin in the same way. Phaseollin was first converted to 6a-hydroxyphaseollin, and this product was further metabolized to 6a, 7-dihydroxyphaseollin. No metabolites of the latter compound could be detected. 6a, 7-Dihydroxyphaseollin was as inhibitory as phaseollin to race δ11, but was only slightly inhibitory to races α1, α2 and γ1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01976693
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative abilities of fungi pathogenic and nonpathogenic to bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to metabolize phaseollin (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 81 (1975), S. 125-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Een vergelijkend onderzoek werd verricht naar het vermogen van schimmels, al dan niet pathogeen voor boon (Phaseolus vulgaris), om het fytoalexine phaseolline om te zetten. In schudculturen waaraan 12 tot 15 μg phaseolline/ml was toegevoegd, kon phaseolline worden omgezet door vijf van de zeven onderzochte pathogenen en door drie van de vijf getoetste niet-pathogenen (Fig. 1, 2 en 3). Het verdwijnen van phaseolline ging gepaard met het verschijnen van omzettings-produkten in culturen vanFusarium solani f. sp.phaseoli, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Botrytis cinerea enCladosporium herbarum. De niet-pathogene schimmelC. herbarum detoxificeerde phaseolline tot 1a-hydroxyphaseollon even snel als het pathogeenF. solani f. sp.phaseoli. Phaseolline werd omgezet tot 6a-hydroxyphaseolline door de pathogenenB. cinerea enC. lindemuthianum en dit produkt werd doorC. lindemuthianum weer verder omgezet tot een verwante verbinding. 6a-Hydroxyphaseolline was minder fungitoxisch dan phaseolline voorB. cinerea, maar even fungitoxisch voorC. lindemuthianum (Tabel 1). Phaseolline werd niet omgezet door de bonepathogenenFusarium oxysporum f. sp.phaseoli enThielaviopsis basicola. Geconcludeerd wordt dat er geen direkt verband bestaat tussen het vermogen van een schimmel tot omzetting of detoxificatie van phaseolline in vitro en zijn pathogeniteit voor boon.
    Notes: Abstract The abilities of fungi pathogenic and nonpathogenic to bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to metabolize the phytoalexin phaseollin were compared when grown in shake cultures containing 12 to 15 μg phaseollin/ml. Under these conditions phaseollin was metabolized by five out of seven pathogens and by three out of five nonpathogens. Disappearance of phaseollin was accompanied by the appearance of metabolic products in cultures ofFusarium solani f. sp.phaseoli, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Botrytis cinerea andCladosporium herbarum. The nonpathogenC. herbarum detoxified phaseollin to 1a-hydroxyphaseollone as rapidly as the pathogenF. solani f.sp.phaseoli. Phaseollin was converted to 6a-hydroxyphaseollin by the pathogensB. cinerea andC. lindemuthianum, and this product was further metabolized by the latter fungus. 6a-Hydroxyphaseollin was less fungitoxic toB. cinerea. C. lindemuthianum was equally sensitive to both compounds. Phaseollin was not metabolized by the pathogensFusarium oxysporum f. sp.phaseoli andThielaviopsis basicola.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01976803
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Avidin-HRP conjugates in biotin-avidin immunoenzyme cytochemistry (1986)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 84 (1986), S. 333-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Avidin-HRP conjugates were prepared, analysed and tested for avidin-biotin immunocytochemistry. Suitable biotinylation of enzymes, antigens and antibody was obtained by reacting biotin at equimolar ratio to epsilon aminogroups in proteins. The avidin-biotin interaction was used for immunocytochemical detection of phenomena in the field of immunology, i.e. immune complex trapping, specific antibody forming cells and in serology for the cytochemical detection of human auto-antibodies to basement membrane components. Avidin-HRP conjugation using the two step glutaraldehyde method gave a very small amount of monomeric, low molecular weight conjugate with excellent performance. Avidin-HRP conjugation using the periodate method was modified at two points. The first modification concerns the molar ratio of avidin to HRP in the reaction mixture which was brought to about equimolarity. The second modification concerns the periodate concentration which was decreased five fold, ten fold and twenty fold. Decreasing the periodate concentration decreased the amount of polymeric conjugate. Optimal amounts of monomeric, low molecular weight conjugate were obtained with a ten fold decrease of the periodate concentration. Comparable cytochemical results were obtained with monomeric conjugates obtained using both preparation methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00482959
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degree sums,k-factors and hamilton cycles in graphs (1995)
    Springer
    Graphs and combinatorics 11 (1995), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5914
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We prove (a generalization of) the following conjecture of R. Häggkvist: LetG be a 2-connected graph onn vertices where every pair of nonadjacent vertices has degree sum at leastn — k and assume thatG has ak-factor; thenG is hamiltonian. This result is a common generalization of well-known theorems of Ore and Jackson, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01787418
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