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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-12-10
    Description: Author(s): A. V. Stier, C. T. Ellis, J. Kwon, H. Xing, H. Zhang, D. Eason, G. Strasser, T. Morimoto, H. Aoki, H. Zeng, B. D. McCombe, and J. Cerne We measure the Hall conductivity of a two-dimensional electron gas formed at a GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction in the terahertz regime close to the cyclotron resonance frequency using highly sensitive Faraday rotation measurements. The sample is electrically gated, allowing the electron density to be cha… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 247401] Published Tue Dec 08, 2015
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈div data-abstract-type="normal"〉〈p〉Potential planting area for tuber mustard was simulated using the Maxent model under current and future conditions based on 591 coordinates and 22 environmental layers. Model accuracy was excellent, with area under the receiving operator curve values of 0.967 and 0.958 for model training and testing, respectively. Dominant factors were mean diurnal range, mean temperature of the coldest quarter, annual mean temperature and minimum temperature of the coldest month, with thresholds of 6.5–7.5, 5.5–9, 16–19 and 2.0–6.5 °C, respectively. Under current conditions, suitable habitat areas (2.16% of total land in China) were concentrated mainly in Central, Southwest and East China, which can be defined as three occurrence and diffusion centres. In the 2050s and 2070s, suitable habitat areas are predicted to change to 3.72 and 3.92%, and 3.60 and 3.73% under scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP6.0, respectively, indicating that suitable habitat areas will increase slightly. However, future distribution of tuber mustard was predicted to differ among provinces or cities, i.e. predicted suitable habitat areas in Sichuan Province increased up to the 2050s but remained relatively unchanged between the 2050s and 2070s; in Chongqing city they first increased and then decreased; in Hunan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian Provinces they increased continuously; and in Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi Provinces and Shanghai city they first decreased, and then increased. The results from the current study provide useful information for management decisions of tuber mustard.〈/p〉〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-07-18
    Description: Computational tools with a balanced sensitivity and specificity in identification of candidate cancer drivers are highly desired. In this study, we propose a new statistical test, namely the d J / d S ratio test, to compute the relative mutation rate of exon/intron junction sites ( d J ) to synonymous sites ( d S ); observation of d J / d S ratio larger than 1 in cancer indicates positive selection for splicing deregulation, a signature of cancer driver genes. Using this method, we analyzed the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and identified hundreds of novel putative cancer drivers. Interestingly, these genes are highly enriched in biological processes related to the development and maintenance of multicellularity, paralleling a previous finding that cancer evolves back to be unicellular by knocking down the multicellularity-associated genetic network.
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2015-06-09
    Description: CRISPR/Cas9 has been used to genetically modify genomes in a variety of species, including non-human primates. Unfortunately, this new technology does cause mosaic mutations, and we do not yet know whether such mutations can functionally disrupt the targeted gene or cause the pathology seen in human disease. Addressing these issues is necessary if we are to generate large animal models of human diseases using CRISPR/Cas9. Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 to target the monkey dystrophin gene to create mutations that lead to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a recessive X-linked form of muscular dystrophy. Examination of the relative targeting rate revealed that Crispr/Cas9 targeting could lead to mosaic mutations in up to 87% of the dystrophin alleles in monkey muscle. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9 induced mutations in both male and female monkeys, with the markedly depleted dystrophin and muscle degeneration seen in early DMD. Our findings indicate that CRISPR/Cas9 can efficiently generate monkey models of human diseases, regardless of inheritance patterns. The presence of degenerated muscle cells in newborn Cas9-targeted monkeys suggests that therapeutic interventions at the early disease stage may be effective at alleviating the myopathy.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-10-02
    Description: A unique symplectitic intergrowth of magnetite + rutile is hosted by ilmenite in the gabbro of the Xinjie Fe-Ti oxide-bearing, mafic-ultramafic layered intrusion. The crystallization of rutile in the symplectite is probably formed by oxidation of ilmenite-hematite solid solution (Ilm-Hem ss ). Segregation of Fe 3+ in the Ilm-Hem ss at the rutile-host interfaces triggered the crystallization of magnetite along the margin of the growing rutile, and shaped the vermicular morphology of the rutile. The crystallization of magnetite can also locally release Ti 4+ to enhance the progressive growth and subsequent nucleation of rutile in the symplectite. The growth of the symplectite ceased when the temperature decreased to that of the miscibility gap of Ilm-Hem ss and Fe 3+ began to exsolve to form hematite lamellae in the ilmenite.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-10-12
    Description: CFD was applied to demonstrate the effect of reactor configurations on the fluid flow pattern in submerged membrane reactors. A mixture model, a realizable k -ϵ model, and the multiple reference frame (MRF) technique were employed to simulate the solid-liquid turbulent flow. Influences of the introduction of a ceramic membrane, the relative position between ceramic membrane and impeller, and the types of impeller on velocity profiles and concentration distributions were systematically discussed. These simulation results were validated qualitatively with experimental data for various reactor configurations. The submerged membrane reactor can effectively solve the problem concerning ultrafine catalyst recovery. Based on computational fluid dynamics, the fluid flow pattern in a submerged membrane reactor is studied and validated qualitatively with the experimental data from phenol hydroxylation which took place inside the reactor. The effect of different reactor configurations on velocity profiles and concentration distribution are systematically discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-10-31
    Description: In this work, signatures of plasma waves in GaN-based high electron mobility transistors were observed by direct electrical measurement at room temperature. Periodic grating-gate device structures were fabricated and characterized by on-wafer G-band (140–220 GHz) s-parameter measurements as a function of gate bias voltage and device geometry. A physics-based equivalent circuit model was used to assist in interpreting the measured s-parameters. The kinetic inductance extracted from the measurement data matches well with theoretical predictions, consistent with direct observation of plasma wave-related effects in GaN-channel devices at room temperature. This observation of electrically significant room-temperature plasma-wave effects in GaN-channel devices may have implications for future millimeter-wave and THz device concepts and designs.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-10-24
    Description: Transposable elements (TEs) are one of the most important features of genome architecture, so their evolution and relationship with host defense mechanisms have been topics of intense study, especially in model systems such as Drosophila melanogaster . Recently, a novel small RNA-based defense mechanism in animals called the Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway was discovered to form an adaptive defense mechanism against TEs. To investigate the relationship between piRNA and TE content between strains of a species, we sequenced piRNAs from 16 inbred lines of D. melanogaster from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel. Instead of a global correlation of piRNA expression and TE content, we found evidence for a host response through de novo piRNA production from novel TE insertions. Although approximately 20% of novel TE insertions induced de novo piRNA production, the abundance of de novo piRNAs was low and did not markedly affect the global pool of ovarian piRNAs. Our results provide new insights into the evolution of TEs and the piRNA system in an important model organism.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2018-09-12
    Description: Author(s): P. Z. Zhao, X. Wu, T. H. Xing, G. F. Xu, and D. M. Tong Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation has received increasing attention due to its robustness against control errors as well as high-speed realization. Several schemes of its implementation have been put forward based on various physical systems, each of which has some particular merits. In thi... [Phys. Rev. A 98, 032313] Published Tue Sep 11, 2018
    Keywords: Quantum information
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-04-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Ping -- Xing, Hongbing -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 31;311(5769):1867.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16574852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; Disease ; History, Ancient ; Linguistics/*history ; Phonetics ; Pruritus/history ; Scrapie/*history ; Sheep
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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