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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wear Behavior of Enamel/Dentine and Veneering Ceramics (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 330-332 (Feb. 2007), p. 1251-1254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This in vitro study compared the wear behavior between the enamel/dentine, two types ofdental veneering ceramics for all-ceramic restorations (Vita-alpha，Vintage -AL ). A variety offactors including hardness, fracture toughness, flexural strength, frictional coefficients, wear scarwidth, element concentrations were considered. The wear scars of the samples were characterized bydynamic atomic force microscopy (DFM). The element concentrations of the surface before/after thewear test were determined with energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS). In this study Enamel/dentine,Vita-alpha and Vintage-AL have showed good wear resistance. The results also showed that therewere statistical significance in samples. The friction coefficient varied from time in each kind ofmaterials. The analytical differences between materials were observed in wear width and propertiesof materials (p〈0.05). The wear ability among four materials ranked from highest to lowest asfollows, Vintage-AL, Vita-alpha, enamel and dentine. DFM results demonstrated the wear patterns ofnatural tooth detected as abrasive and denaturation of dental texture. Wear patterns of testedveneering ceramics consisted mainly of abrasive wear, adhesion and fatigue wear and the differentpattern plays different roles in Vita-alpha and Vintage-AL. The EDS results showed the elementconcentration of Fe was obviously found on the samples. Resistance ability against wear of veneeringceramics is better than that of natural human teeth. And the ability may have some correlation withthe ceramics mechanical properties
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/53/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.330-332.1251.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural characterisation of reflowed and isothermally-aged Cu and Ag particulate reinforced Sn-3.5Ag composite solders (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 13 (2001), S. 7-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Composite solders were prepared by mechanically dispersing 15v% of Cu or Ag particles into the eutectic Sn-3.5Ag solder. The average sizes for the nominally spherical Cu and Ag particles were 6 and 4 microns, respectively. Two different processing methods were used to prepare the composite solders: blending the powdered particles with solder paste, and adding particles to the molten solder at 2808C. The composite solders were characterised by studying the morphology, size and distribution of the reinforcing phase. Particular interest and emphasis are given towards the modifications of the reinforcements during the reflow process. Microstructural features and chemical analysis of the composite solders were studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. The effect of reflow and isothermal ageing on the microstructure as well as the morphological changes in the interfacial IM layer of the composite solders were extensively analysed. A mechanism for IM layer growth is proposed for solid state isothermal ageing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540910110361668
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of three resonances in the third harmonic generation spectrum of conjugated polymers: Evidence for the four-level essential states model (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 100 (1994), S. 1665-1672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Much of the theoretical effort to understand the mechanism of optical nonlinearity in π-conjugated polymers has been focused towards explaining the early observation of only two resonances in the third harmonic generation spectrum of trans-polyacetylene. A recent theory of third order optical nonlinearity predicts three, instead of two, resonances, with their intensities decreasing with increasing frequencies. This is a fundamental difference between the band and the exciton pictures of π-conjugated polymers. Very recent experimental results obtained with cis-polyacetylene, as well as earlier experiments on two blue forms of polydiacetylenes, are in complete agreement with this prediction. An isolated single strand of cis-polyacetylene should exhibit exciton behavior. We briefly discuss the latest experimental results for trans-polyacetylene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.466594
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new class of collective excitations: Exciton strings (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 9283-9291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Optical excitation in a strongly neutral quasi-one-dimensional mixed-stack charge-transfer solid results in an exciton state, in which the electron and the hole are bound by electrostatic Coulomb interactions that are large compared to the one-electron hopping. We present a joint theoretical–experimental demonstration of a new class of collective excitations, multiexcitons or exciton strings, consisting of a string of several (more than two) bound excitons, in a prototype neutral charge-transfer solid. The stability of the multiexciton states arise from the combined effects of one dimensionality and strong Coulomb interactions. Theoretically, we show that in narrow band one-dimensional semiconductors with long range Coulomb interactions, the occurrence of stable 2-exciton string (biexciton) necessarily implies stable higher multiexcitons. Experimentally, evidence for the multiexciton strings is demonstrated by femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy of anthracene pyromellitic acid dianhydride. Excellent qualitative agreement is found between the calculated and the measured differential transmission spectra. Photoinduced absorptions to the 2-exciton string at low pump intensity and to the 3-exciton string at high pump intensity are observed, in agreement with the theory of excited state absorption. The 2-exciton string is confirmed also by a direct two-photon absorption measurement. The binding energies of the 2-exciton and the 3-exciton strings are obtained from the experimental data. The larger binding energy of the 3-exciton is in agreement with theory. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471710
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exciton-to-biexciton transition in quasi-one-dimensional organics (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 9292-9296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the previous paper we demonstrated novel multiexcitons in a neutral mixed-stack charge-transfer solid. The lowest multiexciton, the biexciton, has recently been of interest also in the context of quasi-one-dimensional organic materials that are different from the mixed-stack solids. The nature and strength of the optical transition from the exciton to the two-exciton states is of importance in understanding photoinduced absorption as well as two-photon absorption. We show that within the diverse theoretical models that describe these different classes of materials, the excited state absorption from the optical exciton to the two-exciton states changes in a fundamental way upon the formation of the biexciton. The identical nature of the exciton absorption within these models is a consequence of one dimensionality. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471707
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of anaesthetics on the water parameters in a simulated transport experiment of platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 26 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment was carried out to study the effects of anaesthetics (2-phenoxyethanol, quinaldine sulphate, metomedate and MS-222) on water parameters during simulated air transport of platyfish. Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther). The platyfish were put in sealed plastic bags, one-quarter full of water, to which a required amount of anaesthetic was added. The rest of the bag was filled with oxygen. The water in the bag was tested for pH. total ammonia and carbon dioxide at intervals of 4 and 8 h for a period of 48 h. Mortality rates within this period and the post-packaging period were also noted. It was found that 2-phertoxyethanol was most effective, followed by quinaldine sulphate, in decreasing the excretion of metabolic wastes by the fish. Metomidate had no effect in the control of waste production. MS-222 reduced ammonia excretion but not carbon dioxide. None of the anaesthetics used had any effect on the pH of the water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1995.tb00911.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of anaesthetics on the oxygen consumption rates of platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 26 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This study was carried out to find out the effects of anaesthetics, 2-phenoxyethanol. quinaldine sulphate. MS-222 and metomidate. at various dosages, on the oxygen consumption rates of two size groups of platyfish. Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther) at three temperatures. The results show that the oxygen consumption by the platyfish of both size groups was temperature dependent, being higher at higher temperature, but not size dependent. The effects of anaesthetics on the oxygen consumption rates of platyfish were dosage dependent and temperature dependent, especially for 2-phenoxyethanol, the effect always being significantly greater at lower temperature. Small and large fish did not show much difference in their responses to anaesthetic treatments. However, with 2-phenoxyethanol, the effect on the large platyfish was always better than on the small ones at 20-25°C. At 220-440 ppm and at 20°C, 2-phenoxyethanol was more effective than the other anaesthetics in suppressing oxygen consumption by the platyfish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1995.tb00883.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The appropriate test domes for pumping speed measurement
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Vacuum 30 (1980), S. 377-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-207X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0042-207X(80)80052-2
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The problem of the approximate calculation for molecular conductance
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Vacuum 31 (1981), S. 319-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-207X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0042-207X(81)80504-0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoluminescence of terbium ion in the binary system of GdB"3O"6 - CeB"3O"6
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Luminescence 40-41 (1988), S. 175-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-2313
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-2313(88)90144-5
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