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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro Maintenance of Rabbit Sperm at Room Temperature (1966)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 211 (1966), S. 987-987 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The acrosome of the mammalian sperm is a relatively unstable structure which may become detached from the sperm. Bedford5 reported that, as a result of in vivo ageing in the female reproductive tract, there was an increase in the loss of the acrosome cap from rabbit sperm. In our investigation it ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/211987a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear extrusion in rabbit embryos (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 120 (1971), S. 151-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nuclear extrusion ; Nucleo-cytoplasmic relationship ; Cleavage ; Rabbit embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A reexamination of nuclear extrusion in preimplantation rabbit embryos led to new observations which were used to reconstruct details of this process. Small portions of both membranes of the nuclear envelope protrude toward the cytoplasm after cell division. The extrusions formed by the inner membrane are spherical or pear-shaped and their basal portion is constricted. The outer membrane of the nuclear envelope either follows the contours of the inner membrane or it forms large dilatations portions of which pinch off into the cytoplasm. A density appears at the constricted basal portion of the extrusions and is thought to close off the extrusion from the nucleoplasm. When the extrusions of the inner membrane separate from the nuclear envelope they may or may not be enveloped by the outer membrane. The fate of the extrusions in the cytoplasm is uncertain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335533
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of microperoxisomes with the endoplasmic reticulum in the granulosa lutein cells of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 179 (1977), S. 357-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microperoxisomes ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Macaca mulatta ; Granulosa lutein cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Aldehyde fixed tissue from monkey (Macaca mulatta) corpus luteum was incubated in alkaline 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB), and prepared for electron microscopic histochemical observations. The association of microperoxisomes with the granular (GER) or agranular (AER) endoplasmic reticulum was reconstructed from serially sectioned tissues and by tilting of specimens in the microscope. Out of 107 microperoxisomes, 106 were directly associated with the AER. Two different forms of attachment were found between microperoxisomes and the AER. In the first type of connection, the lumen of the AER and that of the microperoxisome are confluent. In the second, ungulate type of connection, a blunt-end structure either is inserted into an invagination of the AER, or penetrates into the lumen of the AER. The lumen of the lingula is confluent with the microperoxisome, but not with the AER. In addition to these connections, fine thread-like structures were observed extending between AER and adjacent microperoxisomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rabbit zygote (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 187-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Annulate lamellae ; Cleavage ; Rabbit zygote
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of annulate lamellae (AL) in the rabbit zygote has been described previously (Gulyas, 1971). The present study is a continuation of the earlier work on the fate of AL during first cleavage. Intranuclear AL (IAL) reappear during chromosome condensation which occurs at the proximal regions of the pronuclei. Chromosomes become attached to the convoluted pronuclear envelope (PNE) and the newly forming IAL. Both the PNEs and the cytoplasmical undergo similar alterations although the PNE precedes that of the AL. The pores disappear from the PNEs prior to their breakdown, and paired cisternae of PNE origin are observed throughout the remaining phases of division. Just prior to and during breakdown of the PNE, pores disappear from AL and the lamellae coalesce into paired and multilamellar cisternae. Electron dense substance remains deposited between some partially coalesced cisternae at periodic intervals, giving them a beaded appearance. Clusters of punctate material accompany the paired and multilamellar cisternae throughout division. Paired and multilamellar cisternae, which are accompanied by punctate electron dense substance, are seen throughout division including early interphase of the daughter cells. These cisternae do not participate in the early formation of NE. Annulate lamellae are reformed from paired and multilamellar cisternae during late telophase and early interphase. New AL are also formed from vesicles of the nuclear envelope of the blastomere nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307141
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dependence of annulate lamellae formation on the nucleus in parthenogenetic rabbit eggs (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 475-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Annulate lamellae ; Parthenogenone ; Ultrastructure ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previously it has been shown that, in the rabbit, although annulate lamellae (AL) are absent in the follicular oocytes, they appear in the fertilized eggs after the formation of the pronuclei. Furthermore, neither pronuclei nor AL appear when unfertilized eggs are aged in vivo or in vitro. This study was undertaken to determine whether AL formation requires presence of an intact nucleus, or whether the sperm alone contains the stimulatory factors essential to AL synthesis. Rabbit eggs were exposed to 10°C, then incubated for 24 hours. Control eggs were incubated without cold-treatment. Electron microscopic observations indicated that two-thirds of the eggs formed one or two ‘pronuclei,’ or subnuclei. The remainder one-third of the cold-treated eggs and the control eggs failed to form ‘pronuclei.’ AL were present in large amounts only in those activated eggs (parthenogenones) which formed ‘pronuclei.’ AL were absent in the control and the non-activated experimental eggs, both of which failed to form a ‘pronucleus.’ A few small AL were observed in eggs with subnuclei. Condensed fine textured nucleoli appeared precociously during cold-treatment in some eggs and they were present in the ‘pronuclei’ of activated eggs. It was concluded that the sperm is not necessary for AL formation, but the presence of an intact nucleus is mandatory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209347
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Active immunization of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with porcine zonae pellucidae (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 7 (1983), S. 299-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were immunized with porcine zonae pellucidae to assess the possible antifertility effects of the zona antibodies. Serum antibody titers were evaluated utilizing a rapid solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Six of twelve monkeys conceived 6 to 10 wk after vaccination. All monkeys reached maximal antiserum titers by the time of conception, although the six animals that did not conceive had considerably lower antibody titers. Further pregnancies did not occur until antibody level had declined markedly, 8 mo after last immunization. The menses of all but one of the remaining six monkeys were interrupted intermittently. Also, the usual midcycle elevated estradiol levels were absent for several cycles. Both menses and midcycle estradiol peaks were reestablished in all but one monkey 3 to 5 mo after the last booster was given. Two monkeys conceived when serum antibody levels dropped to one fourth of maximal, but both had a still birth. Histological observations showed accumulation of luteal tissue and massive atresia of small follicles at the end of the study (18 mo). We conclude that through heteroimmunization with porcine zona pellucida monkeys can become infertile and that this condition is reversible. Because the zona preparation used in this study appeared to contain traces of nonzona material, it was not possible to determine whether the menstrual irregularities and oocyte atresia that we observed were owing to immunological effects on the zona itself or to the production of antibodies against other ovarian components.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120070402
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of short-term incubation (aging) of mouse oocytes on in vitro fertilization, zona solubility, and embryonic development (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 11 (1985), S. 59-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: zona solubility ; fertilization rate ; mouse ; embryonic development ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of in vitro aging of cumulus-intact versus cumulus-free metaphase II mouse oocytes were studied with respect to zona solubility and fertilization rates. Furthermore, zygotes from the in vitro fertilization studies were incubated and their developmental progress was recorded. The zona pellucida showed a gradual increase in resistance to dissolution by α-chymotrypsin with in vitro aging over a period of 6 hr. This effect was greater in cumulus-free as compared to cumulus-intact ova, but it was not nearly as profound as that seen in the control in vivo fertilized eggs. The fertilization rate of in vitro aging cumulus-intact ova compared favorably with the control in vivo aging group over a 6-hr time period. This was in sharp contrast to the decreased fertilization rate of in vitro aging cumulus-free ova over the same period of time. Lastly, development of zygotes to the blastocyst stage was also evaluated. The rate of first cleavage was similar in all experimental groups and compared favorably with the in vivo controls. However, further development to blastocysts of in vitro aged cumulus-free ova showed a marked decrease when compared to the cumulus-intact group and the in vivo fertilized controls. Thus we established a direct relationship between zona digestion time of in vitro aged cumulus-free oocytes and a decrease of fertilization rates in the mouse.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120110107
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ovoperoxidase activity in ionophore treated mouse eggs. II. Evidence for the enzyme's role in hardening the zona pellucida (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 3 (1980), S. 279-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: ovoperoxidase ; zona hardening ; zona pellucida ; mouse eggs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: One consequence of fertilization or parthenogenetic activation of mammalian eggs is an altaration in the solubility proprieties of the zona pellucida, known as zona hardening. Several lines of evidence indicate that an ovoperoxidase, which is activated and/or secreted from mouse eggs. Following parthenogenetic activation, corss-links tyrosine residues in the zona pellucida and results in hardening of the zona. First, zona hardening, as determined by decreased solubility of the zona in pronase, is inhibited by several compounds known to inhibit peroxidases. Inhibitors of hardening include phenylhydrazine, sodium sulfite, sodium azide, and glycine ethyl ester. Second, tyrosine analogs inhibit zona hardening, unless the phenolic hydroxyl group or ortho position is blocked. That is, O-methyltyrosine (methyl substitution of phenolic hydroxyl) does not inhibit hardening; o-methyltyrosine (methyl substitution of one ortho position) partially inhibits, whereas tyramine and N-acetyltyrosine (free hydroxyl and ortho positions) effectively block hardening. Finally, exogenous horseradish peroxidasepromotes limited hardening of the zona in unactivated eggs. These results are consistent with a peroxidase catalyzed cross-linking of tyrosines in the zona that results in hardening of the zona pellucida.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120030310
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen consumption in diapausing blastocystsThis project was supported by N. S. F. grant GB-6363 and N. I. H. Fellowship 1-FL-GM-32,621-01. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 70 (1967), S. 33-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The oxygen consumption of various diapausing blastocysts from mammals having delayed implantation (mink, northern fur seal, black bear, armadillo and lactating rat) was studied with the Cartesian diver apparatus and compared with that of blastocysts from mammals where implantation is not delayed (rabbit, nonlactating rat). In general, there is a variation in the respiratory rate between species and within a species but the oxygen consumption of the delayed blastocysts was not different from the non-delayed ones. It was concluded that the control of the delay in implantation in the animals studied, does not lie in the realm of respiratory changes.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040700105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ovoperoxidase activity in ionophore treated mouse eggs. I. Electron microscopic localization (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 3 (1980), S. 267-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: ovoperoxidase ; cortical granules ; mammalian eggs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A mammalian ovoperoxiadase activity has been detected in ionophore activated mouse eggs. The peroxidase activity was demonstrated at the electron microscopic level using the 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) histochemical method. A positive DAB reaction was detected in a portion of the intact cortical granules of untreated or DMSO treated control eggs. In the ionophore activated eggs, the DAB reaction product was routinely detected by electron microscopy, predominantly on the cell surface, that is on the zona pellucida, in the perivitelline space, and in association with the cortical granule exudates. Furthermore, the peroxidase inhibitors phenylhydrazine and sodium sulfite prevented DAB staining in ionophore activated oocytes. These results indicate the presence of an ovoperoxidase, possibly of cortical granule origin, on the surface of activated mammalian eggs, detectable by histochemical means.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120030309
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