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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Establishment of hairy root cultures of Psoralea species (1992)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 11 (1992), S. 424-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Agrobacterium rhizogenes ; angelicin ; furanocoumarin ; Psoralea ; psoralen ; transformed root
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eight Psoralea species (Leguminosae) were inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, strains 8196 and 9402. Hairy roots were only induced by strain 9402. Attention was focussed on Psoralea lachnostachys. Transformed roots grew very rapidly in Gamborg B5 liquid medium with a doubling time of the culture of 38 hours. Whatever the culture conditions, the two furanocoumarins usually found in roots of Psoralea plants, psoralen and angelicin, were not detected in cultured transformed and non transformed roots even when some chitosan was added to the medium. However, 669 μg.g−1 dry matter of psoralen and 215 μg.g−1 dry matter of angelicin were found in roots from soil grown plants. A possible translocation of these compounds from the aerial parts to the roots is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234375
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of imazaquin on absorption, translocation, and pattern of distribution of chlormequat chloride in winter wheat (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 10 (1991), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The role of imazaquin in the absorption, translocation, and distribution of chlormequat chloride in CYCOCEL* CL has been studied in winter wheat. Three treatments were applied to the 5th leaf of the main stem at growth stage 5 (Feekes Large scale): (1)14C-chlormequat chloride, (2) CYCOCEL* CL containing14C-chlormequat chloride, and (3) CYCOCEL* CL containing14C-imazaquin. Tracing of the radioactivity was followed in the treated leaf, main stem, tillers, and roots. Results showed that more than 85% of the radioactivity absorbed remained in the treated leaf. Ten days after the application of chlormequat chloride alone, 94.4% of the14C-chlormequat was found in the treated leaf, 2.9% in the main stem, 1.2% in the tillers, and 1.4% in the root system versus 88.2, 8.2, 2.1, and 1.4%, respectively, for the chlormequat chloride plus imazaquin treatment. It was concluded that imazaquin increases the mobility and the pattern of distribution of chlormequat chloride in the plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279303
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effectiveness of SC2053 as a chemical hybridizing agent for winter wheat (1995)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 16 (1995), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: application stage ; gametocide ; hybrid wheat ; male sterility ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The use of chemical hybridizing agents (CHA) allows production of hybrid wheat seeds. We evaluated the effectiveness of a new CHA (SC2053) to induce male sterility on winter wheat in controlled growth conditions. CHA effectiveness was measured with the application of 4 doses (0–400–700–1000 g.ha−1) at 7 stages. These stages were defined by the length of the main stem spike (1–4–7–11–15–20–40 mm). At heading, individual ears were isolated with a greaseproof paper bag. The seeds formed were counted on treated and control ears. The spikes' sterility was calculated three weeks after flowering. The sterility of the main stem's spike reached 95% to 100% for application of 700 g.ha−1 and 1000 g.ha−1 for main stem spike length of 7 mm to 20 mm. The effects of ear tillering (5 tillers per plant) on CHA effectiveness were also investigated. We observed a significant delay of ear development between the main stem and tillers so that complete sterilities were not reached for each dose. Since tillering in field conditions rarely exceeds 3 ears per plant, CHA effectiveness was studied on plants bearing 3 ears. The mean sterility of the first 3 ears was close to 100% for applications with 700 g.ha−1 and 1000 g.ha−1 at stages from 11 mm to 20 mm of main stem spike length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024780
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hybrid wheat seed production potential using the chemical hybridizing agent SC2053 (1997)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 21 (1997), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: chemical hybridizing agent ; hybrid wheat ; seed set ; stigma receptivity ; 1000 grain weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The success of hybrid wheat depends greatly on the female seed production. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of two doses of a Chemical Hybridizing Agent (CHA) on the stigma receptivity. In a growth chamber, plants were hand emasculated or treated with a normal (D1) or an excessive dose (D2) of the CHA. Spikes were hand pollinated at different dates during the flowering period. The CHA did not affect significantly the female receptivity neither in duration nor in intensity. We pointed out that for the hybrid seed production there was an optimal period of 5 days. If pollination took place during this period, the seed set and the 1000 grain weight were the highest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005716103614
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of maize root mucilage on soil aggregate stability (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 136 (1991), S. 111-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: adsorption ; aggregation ; maize root mucilage ; rhizosphere ; stable aggregates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This study was undertaken to determine the effects of root exudates on soil aggregate stability. Root mucilage was collected from two-month old maize plants (Zea mays L.) Mucilage and glucose solutions were added at a rate of 2.45 g C kg−1 dry soil to silty clay and silt loam soils. Amended soils, placed in serum flasks, were incubated for 42 d with a drying-wetting cycle after 21 d. Evolved CO2 was measured periodically as well as the water-stable aggregates and soluble sugar and polysaccharide content of the soil. In mucilage-amended soils CO2 evolution started with a lag phase of 2–3 days, which was not observed in glucose-amended soils. There was then a sharp increase in evolved CO2 up to day 7. During the second incubation period there were only small differences in evolved C between treatments. Incorporation of mucilage in both soils resulted in a spectacular and immediate increase in soil aggregate stability. Thereafter, the percent of water-stable aggregates quickly decreased parallel to microbial degradation. On completion of the incubation, aggregate stability in the silty clay soil was still significantly higher in the presence of mucilage than in the control. This work supports the assumption that freshly released mucilage is able to stick very rapidly to soil particles and may protect the newly formed aggregates against water destruction. On the silty clay, microbial activity contributes to a stabilization of these established organo-mineral bounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02465226
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of plant morphology on root exudation of maize subjected to mechanical impedance in hydroponic conditions (1998)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 201 (1998), S. 231-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: carbon ; exudation ; mechanical impedance ; plant morphology ; Zea mays L
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Mechanical impedance stimulates maize root exudation. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the direct effect of mechanical impedance on root exudation from the indirect effect involving root morphological modifications induced by mechanical impedance. Maize plants were grown in axenic hydroponic culture conditions for 4, 8, 12 and 16 days, and mechanical impedance was simulated by glass beads. At the end of the culture, exudation of plants in a nutrient solution was measured during 24 h. At harvest, plant growth and development parameters as well as carbon exudation were measured. The results demonstrated a major influence of mechanical impedance on root growth with a reduction in root elongation. Comparisons with previous studies in soil conditions have indicated that the glass-bead system realistically simulated mechanical impedance. The carbon exudation rate fluctuated from 0.2 to 1.2 mg C plant-1 day-1 and a fraction of this carbon (0.06 to 0.11 mg C plant-1 day-1) was recovered from glass beads in impeded conditions. The difference in exudation between both treatments for comparable plant morphologies lead to the conclusion that the mechanical impedance had a direct effect on exudation rate. Correlations between plant morphology and root exudation suggest that root morphology is probably involved in the modification of root exudation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004316416034
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous monitoring of rhizosphere respiration after labelling of plant shoots with 14CO2 (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 212 (1999), S. 189-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: 14CO2 labelling ; flow detection of beta radiations ; rhizosphere respiration ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The present work describes an original method to follow rate of 14CO2 and total CO2 production from rhizosphere respiration after plant shoots had been pulse-labelled with 14CO2. We used a radioactivity detector equipped with a plastic cell for flow detection of beta radiation by solid scintillation counting. The radioactivity detector was coupled with an infrared gas analyser. The flow detection of 14CO2 was compared to trapping of 14CO2 in NaOH and counting by liquid scintillation. First, we demonstrated that NaOH (1 M) trapped 95% of the CO2 of a gaseous sample. Then, we determined that the counting efficiency of the radioactivity flow cell was 41% of the activity of gaseous samples as determined by trapping in NaOH (1 M) and by counting by static liquid scintillation. The sensitivity of the 14CO2- flow detection was 0.08 Bq mL−1 air and the precision was 2.9% of the activity measured compared to 0.9% for NaOH trapping method. We presented two applications which illustrate the relevance of 14CO2-flow detection to investigations using 14C to trace photoassimilates within the plant-soil system. First, we examined the kinetics of 14CO2 production when concentrated acid is added to NaH14CO3. This method is the most commonly used to label photoassimilates with 14C. Then, we monitored 14CO2 activity in rhizosphere respiration of 5-week old maize cultivated in soil and whose shoots had been pulse-labelled with 14CO2. We conclude that alkali traps should be used for a cumulative determination of 14CO2 because they are cheap and accurate. On the other hand, we demonstrated that the flow detection of 14CO2 had a finer temporal resolution and was consequently a relevant tool to study C dynamics in the rhizosphere at a short time scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004681528074
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between rate of crop growth at date of fertiliser N application and fate of fertiliser N applied to winter wheat (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 214 (1999), S. 49-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: date of application ; fertiliser ; growth rate ; N uptake efficiency ; 15N ; winter wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the relationship between the timing of fertiliser N applications and the N use efficiency of wheat, three field experiments with 15N were set up on winter wheat, on three different soils in France. Different crop N demands on the day of fertiliser application were obtained by varying either crop densities or date of fertiliser application. Labelled 15NH4 15NO3 was applied at tillering and during stem elongation. The 15N recovered from plant and soil at different dates after 15N addition and at maturity of wheat was measured. The fate of fertiliser N was rapidly determined, most of the fertiliser N accumulated in the wheat at maturity having been taken up within a few days of application. 15N recovery by the crop at final harvest (%) varied greatly (19–55% N applied) according to crop density, soil type and date of application. It was linearly related to the instantaneous crop growth rate calculated at the day of 15N application. The amount of fertiliser N immobilised in the soil was constant at 20 kg N ha−1, for all soil types and crop densities. Because residual mineral 15N in the soil at harvest was negligible and immobilisation was constant, the level of total 15N measured in the different N pools (soil+plant) reflected the% 15N uptake by the plant. There was consequently a negative linear relationship between the percentage of 15N not recovered for measurement, and crop growth rate (i.e. crop N demand) at date of fertiliser application. These results suggest that crop N demand at the time of N application determines the ability of the crop to compete for N with other processes, and may be a major factor determining the division of N between soil and crop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004629511235
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  • 9
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    Action des métaux [Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), Zn(II)] sur la production d'exsudats racinaires solubles chez le maïs (Zea mays L.) (1988)
    EDP Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0249-5627
    Electronic ISSN: 1297-9643
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by EDP Sciences
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  • 10
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    Rôle de la position de la feuille dans l'assimilation et le transport du carbone chez le trèfle blanc (Trifolium repens L.) (1987)
    EDP Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0249-5627
    Electronic ISSN: 1297-9643
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by EDP Sciences
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