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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 57 (1999), S. 41-44 
    ISSN: 1436-736X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: 3 während die der übrigen Obstbäume zwischen 0,71 und 0,75 g/cm3 schwankte. Die Mittelwerte der Zelldimensionen der untersuchten Obstbäume variierten folgendermaßen. Fasernlänge 0,606–0,911 mm, Länge der Gefäßglieder 0,250–0,404 mm und Gefäßbreite 0,033–0,046 mm. Die grösseren Zelldimensionen wurden bei Apfelbaum-, und die kleineren bei Aprikosenbaum-Astholz gefunden. Die Dichlormethan-Extraktmengen des Astholzes bewegten sich je nach Obstbaumart im Bereich von 2,02 bis 3,71% und die Heißwasserextrakte zwischen 12,10 und 15,99%. Die Gesamtmenge der Extrakte schwankte von 13,08 bis 16,67%, wobei die höhere Menge in Kirschbaum und die niedrigere in Birnbaum beobachtet wurde. Die pH-Werte variierten von 4,73 bis 5,68, der Säure-Äquivalenzbetrag von 0,0057 bis 0,0084 ml/ml und der Base-Äquivalenzbetrag von 0,0046 bis 0,0081 ml/ml. Das Astholz des Kirschbaumes zeigte den niedrigeren pH-Wert und den höheren Säure-Äquivalenzbetrag, dagegen hatte das Astholz von Birnbaum den höheren pH-Wert und den höheren Base-Äquivalenzbetrag.
    Notes: 3 and that of other species varied from 0.71 to 0.75 g/cm3. For the species examined, the mean cell dimensions ranged between 0.606–0.911 mm for fiber length, 0.250–0.404 mm for vessel length and between 0.033–0.046 mm for vessel width. The greater cell dimensions correspond to apple and the shorter to apricot trees. The dichloromethane soluble extractives were found to range between 2.02–3.71%, the hot water extractives between 12.10–15.99% and the total extractives between 13.08–16.67% (higher in cherry and lower in pear). Mean values of pH were found to vary from 4.73 to 5.68, acid equivalent from 0.0057 to 0.0084 ml/ml and alkaline equivalent from 0.0046 to 0.0081 ml/ml. The lower values of pH and the higher of acid equivalent correspond to cherry, while the higher acidity and alkaline equivalent correspond to pear.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 58 (2000), S. 309-314 
    ISSN: 1436-736X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Hibiscus cannabinus L.) in N. Griechenland. Nach der Ernte wurden die Kenafstengel für eine Woche unter Dach gelagert, dann wurde das Holzgewebe im Stengelinneren von der Rindenschicht getrennt, anschliessend auf ca. 20% bzw. 10% Feuchtigkeit getrocknet und beides in einer Hammermühle zerkleinert. Die Herstellung dreischichtiger harnstoffharzverleimter (E2 Typ) Spanplatten erfolgte unter Verwendung verschiedener Beimischungen aus Kenafholzspänen, Kenaffasern und Industrieholzspänen. Kenafholzspäne und Kenaffasern zeichnen sich durch eine niedrigere Streudichte als Industrieholzspäne aus; darüberhinaus weisen Kenafholzspäne einen niedrigeren Schlankheitsgrad auf im Vergleich zu den Mittelschichtspänen der Industrie. Der Ersatz von Industrieholzspänen durch Kenafholzspäne in der Plattenmittelschicht bis zu einem Anteil von 75% beeinflusst unwesentlich die Biege-, und Querzugfestigkeit der Platten, hat aber eine negative Auswirkung auf das Schraubenhaltevermögen, die Dickenquellung und die Wasseraufnahme; ein Zusatz von 100% Kenafholzspänen zur Mittelschicht bewirkt eine Verschlechterung aller Spanplatteneigenschaften mit Ausnahme der Biegefestigkeit. Spanplatten, deren Deckschichten aus reinen Kenaffasern oder aus einer Beimischung von Kenaffasern und Industrieholzspänen in einem Verhältnis von 50:50 bestehen, weisen höhere Qualität bezüglich Biegefestigkeit und Oberflächenrauhigkeit auf, aber niedrigere hinsichtlich der übrigen Eigenschaften. Der Ersatz von Kenafholzspänen durch Kenaffasern in der Plattenmittelschicht hat, abgesehen von der Biegefestigkeit, einen negativen Einfluss auf alle Platteneigenschaften. In ihrer Gesamtheit führte die Untersuchung zu dem Resultat, dass der Zusatz von Kenafholzspänen und Kenaffasern in der Mittelschicht bzw. der Deckschicht von Spanplatten bis zu einem Anteil von 50% möglich ist.
    Notes: Hibiscus cannabinus L.) plantation grown in N.Greece during the period June–October 1996 provided the raw material for experimental particleboards. After harvesting, the kenaf stems were storaged under shelter for a week, the core of each stem was separated from bark and both were dried at about 20% and 10% moisture content, respectively, and chipped by a hammermill. Kenaf core, bast fibers and industrial wood chips were mixed in various proportions in order to produce three-layer E2 grade UF bonded particleboards. Kenaf core chips were characterized by a lower slenderness ratio than wood chips of the middle layer. Bulk density of both core chips and fibers was lower than that of wood chips. Substitution of wood chips with kenaf core chips in the middle layer up to 75% slightly affects static bending and internal bond of the boards, but reduces screw holding strength and increases water absorption and thickness swelling; a 100% substitution deteriorates all properties except static bending. In boards with surface layers from kenaf bast fibers or from fibers:wood chips (50:50), static bending and surface roughness are improved, while the other properties tested are deteriorated. Substitution of kenaf core chips in the middle layer with fibers in proportion 50% negatively affects the board properties except static bending. It can be concluded that core chips and bast fibers from kenaf stems may substitute industrial wood chips in the middle and surface layers of the boards, respectively, up to 50%.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 34 (2000), S. 355-365 
    ISSN: 0043-7719
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In order to study the feasibility of utilizing wheat straw as an alternative raw material for panels, experimental one-layer particleboards were produced by mixing straw with industrial wood particles in various proportions (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100). Three different adhesive systems were used for blending the raw materials: a UF resin (E2 grade), a PMDI resin and various UF:PMDI combinations (10:0, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5). The evaluation of the mechanical and hygroscopic properties of panels showed the following results: Partial replacement of wood particles from straw in panels bonded with pure UF resin resulted in deterioration of all properties except linear swelling. Partial or whole substitution of wood by straw in PMDI bonded panels, improved the bending strength and all hygroscopic properties of the panels but reduced the internal bond (dry and wet) and screw holding strength, although to a much smaller degree compared to UF bonded panels. The properties of panels bonded with various UF:PMDI combinations and comprising 50% wood and 50% straw were considerably improved by increasing the PMDI content. In terms of the properties, pure straw panels or panels made of certain wood/straw mixtures, if bonded with PMDI resin or the appropriate UF:PMDI combination, can be used for specific applications where high quality panels are required according to the specifications of the related standards.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 58 (2000), S. 290-291 
    ISSN: 1436-736X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1994-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-3768
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-736X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1990-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-3768
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-736X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2000-12-08
    Print ISSN: 0018-3768
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-736X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2000-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-3768
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-736X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1997-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-3768
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-736X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1987-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-3768
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-736X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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