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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 210 (1973), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 6 (1951), S. 585-600 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An equilibrium osmometer for the measurement of very low osmotic pressures has been designed. It is constructed of metal and employs a large horizontal membrane. A rapid approach to equilibrium is obtained by the use of a fine capillary and a bacterial cellulose membrane (Masson and Melville) in conjunction with complete thermostatting. To avoid displacement, the membrane is stretched in a frame and held over a grooved domed support of the Carter-Record type. Details of procedure, including concentration estimation and the preparation of membranes, are given.Measurements of the osmotic pressure of a fractionated sample of polystyrene, of molecular weight approximately one million, have served to determine the precision of the osmometer. At a pressure of 0.026 cm. of chloroform, the standard deviation was found to be 0.002 cm. The importance of correcting for the density of the solution, when measuring high molecular weights, is discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 25 (1957), S. 480-483 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 27 (1958), S. 481-488 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Changes in the infrared absorption spectrum of amylose on complex formation with iodine, bromine, and iodine cyanide vapor are consistent with the occurrence of halogen-oxygen interaction in the solid complexes. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of the possible conformations of the glucopyranose rings and their relationships to the helical structure for amylose. It is suggested that the most probable conformation is a chair-form in which only one substituent is axial to the plane of the ring.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden Viskositäts-, Sedimentations- und Streulichtmessungen an Amylosecarbanilatfraktionen in einem thermodynamisch idealen Lösungsmittel (Pyridin/Wasser) ausgeführt. Für die Molekulargewichte im Bereich 0,5 · 106 〈 M̄w 〈 2,5 · 106 wurden folgende Beziehungen erhalten: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l} [{\rm \eta ]}\quad \quad {\rm\ \; = 2,08} \cdot {\rm 10}^{{\rm - 2}}\ \ \;{\rm }\overline {\rm M}_{\rm w}^{{\rm 0.65}} \\ ({\rm \bar \rho}_{\rm g}^{\rm 2})^{1/2}\;= 2,22 \cdot 10^{-17}\ \overline {\rm M}_{\rm w}^{{\rm 1.00}} \\ {\rm S}_{\rm 0} \quad \quad \ = 1,98 \cdot {\rm 10}^{{\rm -15}}\ \overline {\rm M}_{\rm w}^{{\rm 0.42}} \\ \end{array}$$\end{document} Die Bedeutung der Exponenten in diesen Beziehungen wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Viscosity, sedimentation and light-scattering measurements have been carried out on amylose tricarbanilate fractions in a pyridine/water theta-mixture. In the molecular weight range 0.5 · 106 〈 M̄w 〈 2.5 · 106, the following relations were found. \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l} [{\rm \eta ]}\quad \quad {\rm \; = 2.08} \cdot {\rm 10}^{{\rm - 2}}\ \ \;{\rm }\overline {\rm M}_{\rm w}^{{\rm 0,65}} \\ ({\rm \bar \rho }_{\rm g}^{\rm 2})^{1/2}\;= 2.22 \cdot 10^{-17}\ \overline {\rm M}_{\rm w}^{{\rm 1.00}} \\ {\rm S}_{\rm 0} \quad \quad \ = 1.98 \cdot {\rm 10}^{{\rm -15}}\ \overline {\rm M}_{\rm w}^{{\rm 0.42}} \\ \end{array}$$\end{document} The significance of the exponents in these relations is discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einflüse, die die Molekülgröße der isolierten Amylose ändern, werden besprochen. Die Wirkung verschiedener Isolierungsmethoden auf die Molekülgröße der Amylose aus Kartoffelstärke wurde untersucht. Es zeigt sich, daß beim Ausziehen der Körner mit wäßrigem Schwefeldioxyd Abbau stattfindet; eine Methode, die 0.01 M Quecksilber (II)-chlorid gebraucht, wird empfohlen. Die Eigenschaften der durch Extrahieren der Körner mit Wasser erthaltenen Amylose hängen von der Vorbehandlung der Körner ab. Dieses Verhalten wurde einegehend untersucht. Dir Behandlung der Stärkekörner mit kochendem 80 % wäßrigem Methanol zieht einem Amyloseanteil aus, der durch β-Amylase vollständig zu Maltose hydrolysiert wird. Andere Verfahren, dir kochende organische Lösungsmittel gebrauchen, werden kritisch untersucht; Abbau and Äderung der Amylose können dabei stattfinden. Die Verkleisterung vorbehandelter Könner wurde untersucht.Eine Reihe von Amylosefraktionen wurde von Gersten- und Kartoffelstärken durch sukzessive Extraktion mit Wasser bei zunehmenden Temperaturen erhalten; der Amyloseteil, der in den Körnen zurückblieb, wurde am Ende durch vollständige Lösung isoliert, Diese Praktionen zeigen ein Zunehmen der Molekülgröße (viskometrisch bestimmt) und ein begleitendes Abnehmen der prozentuellen Umwandlung durch β-Amylase. Die Bedeutung dieser Resultate in bezug auf die Struktur der Amylose wird besprochen. Die Wirksamkeit verschiedener Methoden zur Quellung der Körner vor der Lösung wurde auch untersucht; Vorbehandlung mit flüssigem Ammoniak war am geeignetsten. Die Fraktionierung der Kartoffelstärke durch Behandlung der Körner mit Alkali wurde studiert.
    Notes: Factors which infulence the apparent molecular size of amylose are discussed. The effect of various isolation procedures on the molecular size of the amylose from potato starch has been studied. Degradation occurs when sulphur dioxide saturated water is used to extract the granules; a method involving 0.01 M mercuric chloride is recommended. The properties of the amylose obtained on aqueous leaching of the granule are controlled by the pretreatment of the granules. This behaviour has been studied in detail. When a granular starch is treated with boiling 80 % aqueous methanol, leaching results in the extraction of a subfraction of amylose which is hydrolysed completely to maltose under the action of β-amylase. Other procedures involving the action of boiling organic solvents on potato and wheat starches have been critically examined; degradation and modification of the properties of the amylose may then occur. The gelatinization of pretreated granules has been examined.A series of subfractions of amylose has been obtained from barely and potato starches by leaching successively with water at increasing temperature; the amylose remaining in the residual granule was then obtained by complete dispersion. These subfractions showed an increase in moleculare size (by viscosity measurements) which was accompanied by a decrease in the percentage conversion to maltose on β-amylolysis. The implications of these results with regard to the structure of amylose are discussed. Various methods for swelling granules prior to dispersion have also been examined; pretreatment with liquied ammonia was found to be most satisfactory for aiding dispersion. The method of fractionation of potato starch by treating the granules with alkali has been studied.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Verschiedene theoretische Ansätze erlauben es, die ungestörten Dimensionen von Polymermolekülen auf Grund von Viskositätsmessungen in guten Lösungsmitteln zu berechnen. Solche theoretischen Ergebnisse werden mit experimentell bestiminten Daten verglichen, und zwar für Amyloseacetatfraktionen in drei Lösungsmitteln, einschließlich einem Θ-Lösungsmittel.
    Notes: Various theoretical treatments enable the unperturbed dimensions of a polymer molecule to be calculated from the results of viscosity measurements carried out in good solvents. In this paper, these theories are applied to data for amylose acetate fractions dissolved in three solvents, including a Θ-solvent.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde eine Analyse der hydrodynamischen Daten für Amylosetricarbanilatfraktionen in einem thermodynamisch idealen Lösungsmittel (Pyridin/Wasser) durchgeführt. Verschiedene Theorien für den Effekt einer teilweise freien Durchspülung wurden untersucht. Nach den BRINKMAN-DEBYE-BUECHE-, KIRKWOOD-RISEMAN-, KUHN-KUHN-SIL-BERBERG- und PETERLIN-Verfahren wurden die Knäueldimensionen berechnet. Diese theoretischen Ansätze wurden mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen verglichen. Es wird gezeigt, daß die experimentellen Viskositäts- und Sedimentationsmessungen nur mit der KUHN-KUHN-SILBERBERG-Theorie gut übereinstimmen.
    Notes: Hydrodynamic measurements on amylose tricarbanilate fractions in a pyridine/water theta-mixture have been used to provide a test of theoretical treatments of limiting viscosity number and frictional coefficient which have been developed on the basis of the partial free-draining model. Coil dimensions have been calculated using the theories of BRINKMAN-DEBYE-BUECHE, KIRKWOOD-RISEMAN, KUHN-KUHN-SILBERBERG, and of PETERLIN, and these have been compared with the experimental values. Only the treatment of KUHN-KUHN-SILBERBERG gives reasonable agreement between the experimental parameters and those calculated from both viscosity and sedimentation data.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 315-318 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: An einigen Amylosefraktionen wurden in 0,33 m wäßriger KCl-Lösung Viskositäts-, Sedimentations- und Lichtstreuungsmessungen durchgeführt, um die Gewichtsmittel des Molekulargewichts M̄w und Konfigurationsparameter zu erhalten. Die Amylosefraktionen wurden durch Unterfraktionierung von natürlicher Amylose gewonnen. Wie enzymatische Untersuchungen zeigten, sind sie unverzweigt. Die Molekulargewichte der untersuchten Proben lagen zwischen 1,6·105 und 22,9·105. Es ergaben sich folgende empirische Beziehungen für die Grenzviskositätszahl [η] und den Sedimentationskoeffizienten S0 bei unendlicher Verdünnung: [η] = 1,12·10-3 M̄w0,50 und S0 = 1,11·10-15 M̄w0,50. Der Wert des Exponenten in beiden Gleichungen zeigt in Übereinstimmung mit den Ergebnissen von EVERETT und FOSTER1), daß Amylose in 0,33 m KCl als statistisches Knäuel vorliegt. Die Dimension des ungestörten Amylosemoleküls im genannten Lösungsmittel gibt keinen-Hinweis auf eine zunehmende Versteifung der Moleküle mit Abnahme der Kettenlänge im untersuchten Molekulargewichtsbereich. Die Lichtstreuungsmessungen zeigten, daß wäßrige KCl-Lösung sich wie ein thermodynamisch ideales Lösungsmittel verhält.Die durch Lichtstreuungsmessungen ermittelten mittleren Quadrate der Abstände der Fadenenden wurden mit Werten aus bekannten Theorien des hydrodynamischen Verhaltens verdünnter Polymerenlösungen verglichen.
    Notes: Viscometric, sedimentation and lightscattering measurements have been carried out on five fractions of amylose in 0.33 M aqueous potassium chloride to obtain weight-average molecular weights M̄w and configurational parameters. The amylose fractions were obtained from the subfractionation of natural amylose and were shown by enzymic experiments to be completely linear. The range of molecular weight investigated was from 1.6·105 to 22.9·105. The following empirical relations have been obtained for the limiting viscosity number, [η], and the sedimentation coefficient at infinite dilution, S0: [η] = 1.12·10-3 M̄w0,50 and S0 = 1.11·10-15 M̄w0,50. The value of the exponent in both equations indicated that amylose behaves as a random coil in 0.33 M potassium chloride in agreement with the results of EVERETT and FOSTER1). Calculations have been made of the unperturbed dimensions of amylose in this solvent, and there was no evidence of stiffening of the molecule with decreasing chain-length for the molecular weight range studied. The lightscattering measurements indicated that aqueous potassium chloride was behaving as a thermodynamically ideal solvent.Mean square end-to-end distances from the lightscattering measurements have ben compared with values calculated from current theories of the hydrodynamic behaviour of dilute polymer solutions.
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