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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: noradrenaline ; desipramine ; plasma DOPEG ; sympathetic tone ; orthostatic stress ; bicycle exercise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antecubital venous blood was sampled at rest and during orthostasis or supine bicycle exercise. The plasma was analyzed for noradrenaline and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (DOPEG) by HPLC. Orthostasis resulted in increases in plasma concentrations of both noradrenaline and DOPEG. The magnitude of changes in both was dependent on the degree of orthostasis. In conditions of supine rest, sitting, and standing the plot of the geometric mean values of plasma DOPEG (ordinate) against those of plasma noradrenaline was linear, had a slope of about unity, and intersected the ordinate at a finite value of plasma DOPEG. After administration of desipramine (to block uptake1), plasma concentrations of DOPEG fell both at rest and during orthostasis. Moreover, desipramine abolished the plasma DOPEG response to orthostasis without affecting the plasma noradrenaline response. Hence, changes in plasma DOPEG brought about by changes in sympathetic tone are presynaptic in origin. The plasma concentration of DOPEG observed in the presence of desipramine was virtually identical with the ordinate intercept of the regression line relating plasma DOPEG to plasma noradrenaline in the absence of desipramine. This pool of plasma DOPEG (which amounted to about 75% of that observed at supine rest in the absence of desipramine) probably stems from intraneuronal noradrenaline leaking out of the storage vesicles of peripheral sympathetic neurones and may in part also be derived from the central nervous system. Supine bicycle exercise failed to increase plasma DOPEG. This may be due to the separation of the sampling site from the site of noradrenaline release (i.e. the exercising limbs) by organs involved in DOPEG extraction. The failure of plasma DOPEG to rise under these conditions may also be a consequence of increased blood flow in the exercising limbs, resulting in a marked decrease in the proportion of the released noradrenaline being recaptured by the sympathetic nerve endings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 493-500 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: isoprenaline ; desipramine ; total body fractional extraction ; cardiac output ; plasma catecholamines ; neuronal uptake ; sympathetic tone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The total body clearance and fractional extraction of isoprenaline (ISO) have been determined, and the relation between these parameters and cardiac output established. Whether desipramine, an inhibitor of neuronal uptake, altered the plasma catecholamine response to ISO was also investigated. Seven healthy subjects were given i.v., infusions of ISO in two, consecutive 25-min periods, at constant dose rates of 31–43 and 80–124 pmol·kg−1·min−1, respectively. The total-body (ER), pulmonary (ERp) and forearm (ERf) fractional extractions and the total body clearance (CL) of ISO were obtained from measurements of cardiac output and the steady-state ISO concentration in mixed central venous, arterial and forearm venous plasma. ISO-induced increases in cardiac output resulted in increases in CL, decreases in ER and no consistent change in ERf. ERp did not differ from zero. ISO also produced a dose-dependent increase in the mixed venous plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG), and a decrease in that of adrenaline. Pretreatment with desipramine did not alter any of the pharmacokinetic parameters of ISO. Desipramine, however, reduced the mixed venous baseline plasma levels of noradrenaline (47%) and DOPEG (40%), and tended to reduce that of adrenaline (34%). It enhanced the plasma noradrenaline response 2.4-fold, abolished the plasma DOPEG response and did not alter the plasma adrenaline response to ISO. Hence, owing to its haemodynamic effects, ISO modifies its own pharmacokinetics which involve non-neuronal removal processes only. The increased DOPEG in plasma resulting from the ISO-induced increase in noradrenaline release was presynaptic in origin. Desipramine appears to reduce sympathetic activity. The enhancement by desipramine of the ISO-induced increase in plasma noradrenaline points towards recapture by neuronal uptake of at least 58% of the noradrenaline released in response to ISO.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 522 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 85 (1996), S. 723-754 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Biostratigraphy ; Lower Tertiary ; Indian shelf ; Upper Cretaceous ; Foraminifers ; Lithostratigraphy ; Passive continental margin ; Tethys Himalaya ; Tibet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The 1500-m-thick marine strata of the Tethys Himalaya of the Zhepure Mountain (Tingri, Tibet) comprise the Upper Albian to Eocene and represent the sedimentary development of the passive northern continental margin of the Indian plate. Investigations of foraminifera have led to a detailed biozonation which is compared with the west Tethyan record. Five stratigraphic units can be distinguished: The Gamba group (Upper Albian - Lower Santonian) represents the development from a basin and slope to an outer-shelf environment. In the following Zhepure Shanbei formation (Lower Santonian - Middle Maastrichtian), outer-shelf deposits continue. Pebbles in the top layers point to beginning redeposition on a continental slope. Intensified redeposition continues within the Zhepure Shanpo formation (Middle Maastrichtian - Lower Paleocene). The series is capped by sandstones of the Jidula formation (Danian) deposited from a seaward prograding delta plain. The overall succession of these units represents a sea-level high at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary followed, from the Turonian to Danian, by an overall shallowing-upward megasequence. This is followed by a final transgression — regression cycle during the Paleocene and Eocene, documented in the Zhepure Shan formation (?Upper Danian - Lutetian) and by Upper Eocene continental deposits. The section represents the narrowing and closure of the Tethys as a result of the convergence between northward-drifting India and Eurasia. The plate collision started in the Lower Maastrichtian and caused rapid changes in sedimentation patterns affected by tectonic subsidence and uplift. Stronger subsidence and deposition took place from the Middle Maastrichtian to the Lower Paleocene. The final closure of remnant Tethys in the Tingri area took place in the Lutetian.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Biostratigraphy ; Lower Tertiary ; Indian shelf ; Upper Cretaceous ; Foraminifers ; Lithostratigraphy ; Passive continental margin ; Tethys Himalaya ; Tibet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The 1500-m-thick marine strata of the Tethys Himalaya of the Zhepure Mountain (Tingri, Tibet) comprise the Upper Albian to Eocene and represent the sedimentary development of the passive northern continental margin of the Indian plate. Investigations of foraminifera have led to a detailed biozonation which is compared with the west Tethyan record. Five stratigraphic units can be distinguished: The Gamba group (Upper Albian – Lower Santonian) represents the development from a basin and slope to an outer-shelf environment. In the following Zhepure Shanbei formation (Lower Santonian – Middle Maastrichtian), outer-shelf deposits continue. Pebbles in the top layers point to beginning redeposition on a continental slope. Intensified redeposition continues within the Zhepure Shanpo formation (Middle Maastrichtian – Lower Paleocene). The series is capped by sandstones of the Jidula formation (Danian) deposited from a seaward prograding delta plain. The overall succession of these units represents a sea-level high at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary followed, from the Turonian to Danian, by an overall shallowing-upward megasequence. This is followed by a final transgression – regression cycle during the Paleocene and Eocene, documented in the Zhepure Shan formation (?Upper Danian – Lutetian) and by Upper Eocene continental deposits. The section represents the narrowing and closure of the Tethys as a result of the convergence between northward-drifting India and Eurasia. The plate collision started in the Lower Maastrichtian and caused rapid changes in sedimentation patterns affected by tectonic subsidence and uplift. Stronger subsidence and deposition took place from the Middle Maastrichtian to the Lower Paleocene. The final closure of remnant Tethys in the Tingri area took place in the Lutetian.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 5 (1954), S. 344-376 
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Measurement of total radiation of sun and sky calls for instruments with a plane, horizontal receiver-surface following the cosine law. Records of total radiation were carried out by both an electric and a mechanical pyranometer to obtain a basis for its calculation. As a photometric method for continuous records in the open air theLarché-Schulze sphere for measurement of radiation was chosen. By experiments a glass-cover was found which, together with the instrument, complies with the above mentioned requirements of radiation physics. A test was made as to whether the daily sums of total radiation obtained in this way within the spectral range of the selenium rectifier cell can be extended, by aid of a constant factor, to the whole short-wave spectrum. The results obtained by different authors with the calculation of mean values of sums of total radiation for weeks or months as well as experimental experiences of the author himself led to the solution of the problem of calculating the single daily sums of total radiation. Using synoptic material, the author develops a relation which, starting from the „normal values” of theAlbrecht formula for clear sky allows the calculation of total radiation of one day or single hours for any weather condition. Thereby it becomes possible to forecast the daily sum of total radiation in the same way as other meteorological elements and to make it a part of the daily weather-forecast.
    Abstract: Résumé La mesure du rayonnement global exige des appareils possédant une surface réceptrice plane, horizontale et tenant compte de la loi du cosinus. On a procédé à des enregistrements du rayonnement global à l'aide de pyranomètres électrique et mécanique pour obtenir une base de son calcul. La mesure photométrique pour l'enregistrement en plein air fut faite au moyen de l'appareil sphérique deLarché-Schulze muni d'un verre protecteur de façon à remplir les conditions rappelées ci-dessus. On examina si les totaux journaliers du rayonnement global obtenus de la sorte dans le domaine spectral de la cellule au sélénium peuvent être étendus au spectre complet de courte longueur d'onde en leur appliquant un facteur constant. Les résultats obtenus par différents auteurs cherchant à établir des valeurs moyennes du rayonnement global par semaine ou par mois, ainsi que l'expérience personnelle de l'auteur, conduisent à la solution du problème de calculer les sommes individuelles journalières du rayonnement global. S'appuyant sur des documents de la synoptique, l'auteur établit une relation qui, partant des „valeurs normales” par ciel clair (selonAlbrecht), permet le calcul du rayonnement global par heure ou par jour en n'importe quelles conjonctures météorologiques. Cela rend possible la prévision de la somme journalière du rayonnement global et de l'introduire dans les pronostics quotidiens du temps.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Messung der Globalstrahlung verlangt definitionsgemäß Meßgeräte, die eine ebene, horizontale und das Cosinus-Gesetz befolgende Empfangsfläche haben. Es werden Registrierungen der Globalstrahlung mit einem elektrischen und einem mechanischen Pyranometer durchgeführt, um eine Unterlage für die Berechnung der Globalstrahlung zu erhalten. Als photometrische Meßmethode für Dauerregistrierungen im Freien wird die Strahlungsmeßkugel nachLarché-Schulze gewählt; für sie wird auf experimentellem Wege eine Glasabdeckung gefunden, die zusammen mit dem Gerät die genannten strahlungsphysikalischen Forderungen erfüllt. Es wird geprüft, ob die mit ihr im Spektralbereich des Selenphotoelements gewonnenen Tagessummen der Globalstrahlung auf das gesamte, kurzwellige Spektrum mit Hilfe eines konstanten Faktors zu erweitern sind. Die Ergebnisse verschiedener Autoren über die Berechnung von Mittelwerten der Globalstrahlungssummen für Wochen oder Monate und eigene Erfahrungen bei der Messung des Strahlungsgenusses der Erdoberfläche führen zu dem Problem, die einzelnen Tagessummen der Globalstrahlung zu berechnen. Unter Benutzung synoptischer Unterlagen wird hierfür eine Beziehung aufgestellt, welche, aufbauend auf den sich nach der Albrechtschen Formel ergebenden „Normalwerten” bei heiterem Himmel, die Berechnung der Globalstrahlung bei jeder beliebigen Wetterlage für einen Tag oder einzelne Stunden gestattet. Dies führt zu dem Ziel, die Tagessumme der Globalstrahlung wie andere meteorologische Elemente zu prognostizieren und in die tägliche Wettervorhersage aufzunehmen.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-09-30
    Print ISSN: 0031-9155
    Electronic ISSN: 1361-6560
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-6970
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1041
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1989-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-6970
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1041
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2006-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0895-9811
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-0647
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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