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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and vitality in yellow forms of rainbow trout (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 16 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The colour genes controlling the palomino and albino phenotype in the spring spawning rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792)] strain reared at the Department of Salmonid Research Rutki, Poland were found to have strong detrimental pleiotropic effects on growth and vitality. After 5 and 9 months of rearing, the differences in mean body weights in albino, palomino and wild-coloured trout were statistically highly significant, with albino showing the poorest, palomino as the intermediate and wild-coloured trout having the highest growth. An identical ranking of colour phenotypes was observed for survival. The influence of colour phenotypes on both traits showed a diminishing tendency with increasing age of fish. It is concluded that alleles controlling palomino and albino colouration cannot be recommended as genetic markers. If reference groups are needed, instead of albino trout, palomino trout should be used since their pleiotropic effects are less pronounced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2000.00147.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer-controlled freezing of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) spermatozoa for routine programmes (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of extender composition and freezing rate on cryopreservation efficiency of refrigerated spermatozoa of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) were evaluated in order to test the suitability of a computer-controlled ultrafreezer to cryopreserve milt samples obtained in field conditions and stored for several hours. A very highly significant first-order interaction between freezing rate and the type of extender was found. Six of the eight experimental variants did not differ significantly, resulting, after fertilization of eggs with cryopreserved sperm, in a range of 62.3–74.8% of eyed embryos. This procedure was effective for samples stored at 1 °C for 2 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1999.00381.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of rainbow trout milt collected with a catheter: semen parameters and cryopreservation success (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Collection of fish milt by stripping risks the danger of milt contamination by urine. This may seriously influence milt characteristics and quality, including usefulness for cryopreservation. Urine contamination of milt may be avoided by using a catheter for sperm collection. The objectives of this study were to provide basic characteristics of milt collected with a catheter, to test the usefulness of this milt for cryopreservation, and to correlate characteristics of fresh and cryopreserved semen with sperm fertility rates. Milt from 25 rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) males were used. All samples were cryopreserved using the pellet method within 1 h of collection, using 0.6 m sucrose and 10% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) as an extender. Catheterization resulted in semen of very good motility (〉 90% motile spermatozoa) and high fertilization rates after cryopreservation (mean fertilization rate 81.8 ± 13.3% of control, at a sperm/egg ratio of 2.4 ± 0.3 × 106). Osmolality of seminal plasma and concentrations of sodium, potassium and magnesium ions had low variability, which suggests that they are important for creating a stable environment for sperm storage in the sperm duct. Higher variability of certain seminal plasma characteristics, such as protein concentration and antiproteinase activity, suggests that these characteristics are related to individual semen features of particular males. A strong correlation of seminal plasma zinc concentration with protein concentration may reflect an importance of zinc in semen biology. Cryopreservation caused a significant release of protein and acid phosphatase from spermatozoa. Our results did not reveal any single characteristic of semen collected by catheter that could be used as a powerful predictor of cryopreservation success, presumably because all samples were of high quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00400.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of individual male potency on fertilization ability of fresh and cryopreserved milt of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 29 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The goal of the present study was to examine individual male potency in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), expressed as the fertilization ability of fresh and cryopreserved sperm. One female and four males bearing genetic markers enabling determination of the progeny paternity were chosen as gamete donors. Samples of eggs were inseminated with sperm from separate individuals or with pooled sperm. Genetic examination of the progeny obtained after fertilization of eggs with pooled milt showed differences in male potency. The proportions of offspring sired by four individual males after fertilization of eggs with the fresh milt were similar to those obtained after fertilization with cryopreserved milt (correlation r = 0.95; n = 4; P 〈 0.05). These proportions did not correlate with the proportions of progeny resulting from fertilization of eggs when sperm was not pooled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1998.00197.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of feeding the leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the non-specific cellular and humoral defence mechanisms of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Journal of applied ichthyology 19 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Previous studies have shown that leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) increases the immune function in animals as measured by cellular and humoral immune responses. In the present study the influence of feeding HMB on the nonspecific cellular and humoral defence mechanisms and protection against furunculosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was examined. HMB was fed in a pelleted ration at either 0 (control), 10, 25 or 50 mg  kg−1 bw day−1 for 8 weeks. Blood and pronephros cells were taken at random from 10 fish in each group for the analyses. The respiratory burst activity (RBA) and potential killing activity (PKA) of phagocytes, lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by either concanavalin (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lysozyme activities and total immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in plasma were analysed at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. After 4 weeks of feeding HMB, a challenge test was performed by injection of Aeromonas salmonicida into the fish. HMB approximately doubled the respiratory burst activity and potential killing activity ability of polymorphonuclear (PMN) and morphonuclear (MN) cells (P 〈 0.01) and increased the mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation (P 〈 0.01) when compared with the control group. HMB feeding also increased (P 〈 0.01) the lysozyme activity in plasma and total Ig levels in serum. During the 14-day challenge test, mortality was decreased (P 〈 0.01) by up to 62% in HMB-fed fish compared with the control group mortality. In conclusion, the non-specific immune enhancement by HMB resulted in protection against furunculosis in the rainbow trout.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2003.00348.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UV-irradiation of rainbow trout sperm as a practical method for induced gynogenesis (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 7 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The goal of the experiment was to refine a simple and practical method for inducing gynogenesis in rainbow trout. To eliminate the male genome, UV-irradiation was used in combination with seminal fluid dilution and continuous stirring. Sperm motility was controlled. A visible recessive marker (yellow colour) as well as the Hertwig Effect were applied to assess the outcome of induced gynogenesis. Sperm irradiation by UV (energy output 2075 μW/cm2) for more than 5 minutes and 10 minutes in dilutions of seminal fluid of 1:40 and 1:20, respectively, resulted in yellow coloured feeding fry in the diploidized groups, whereas non-viable larvae were produced in the haploid groups. The highest survival rate for gynogenomes (from insemination until first-feeding fry) was 19 %.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1991.tb00520.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proteolytic activity and electrophoretic profiles of proteases from seminal plasma of teleosts (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 63 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Using gelatin-SDS-PAGE, proteolytic activity was found in the seminal plasma of 10 teleosts: common carp Cyprinus carpio, bream Abramis brama, ide Leuciscus idus, chub Leuciscus cephalus, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, grayling Thymallus thymallus, perch Perca fluviatilis, pike Esox lucius, goldfish Carassius carassius and pikeperch Stizostendion lucioperca. This activity was also measured, using azoalbumin as a substrate, in the seminal plasma of these species, with exception of pikeperch and goldfish. When azoalbumin-hydrolysing activity was expressed per volume, it was highest in common carp. Otherwise, as expressed per g of protein, the activity was highest in pike. The lowest proteolytic activity (expressed per g and volume) was observed in perch seminal plasma. Using gelatin containing polyacrylamide gels for detecting gelatinolytic activity, species-specific electrophoretic profiles were found. For all cyprinids two similar bands with a molecular mass of 68 and 74 kDa were found. The seminal plasma of grayling and rainbow trout showed similarities in the 41 kDa band. Perch and pikeperch had one similar main band with a molecular mass of 61 kDa. Proteolytic enzymes of seminal plasma from pike showed high individual variability. These results suggest that multiple forms of proteolytic enzymes exist in seminal plasma of teleosts and they differ among fish families and species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00224.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure of interspecies androgenesis in salmonids (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 61 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Androgenetic development of salmonid embryos was induced in recipient oocytes from the same or other species (intra- or interspecies androgenesis). Parameters for induced androgenesis were investigated in brown trout Salmo trutta and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis. Reciprocal androgenetic and control crosses were conducted among fishes from three genera: Oncorhynchus (rainbow trout, O. mykiss), Salmo (brown trout) and Salvelinus (brook trout), and within two genera: Salmo (brown trout and Atlantic salmon, S. salar) and Salvelinus (brook trout and Arctic charr, S. alpinus). Live hatched androgenetic progenies were obtained in all intraspecies variants, where oocytes and sperm originated from the same species. Interspecies androgenesis resulted in no viable larvae, despite the fact that most hybrid controls and intraspecies androgenetic individuals were viable. When recipient oocytes originated from other genera (interspecific intergeneric androgenesis), embryonic development ceased in early developmental stages, except for haploid controls of brook trout produced in eggs of brown trout. Survival of embryos to the eyed-egg stage was relatively high in the intrageneric androgenesis experiment. Nevertheless, none of these embryos survived to hatching. Some of the presumed Atlantic salmon individuals developing in brown trout eggs contained maternal DNA, questioning the accuracy of enucleation using irradiation. The inability to induce interspecific androgenesis among the examined salmonid species may have been the result of substantial kariotypical and developmental differences between spermatozoal donors and oocyte recipients, causing an incompatibility between maternal cytoplasmic regulatory factors and the paternal nuclear genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb01575.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Semen from rainbow trout produced using cryopreserved spermatozoa is more suitable for cryopreservation (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 60 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Oocytes from three female rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were inseminated separately with untreated or cryopreserved semen, which had been produced using either untreated (three males) or cryopreserved (three males) spermatozoa. In half of variants, the cryopreservation did not significantly affect fertilization efficiency. Regardless of whether the sperm donors were produced from cryopreserved or intact semen, insemination of oocytes with their intact sperm resulted in the same percentage of eyed embryos (94.4 and 94.3%, respectively). When eggs were inseminated with cryopreserved semen, the use of sperm from males produced with cryopreserved spermatozoa resulted in a significantly higher percentage of eyed eggs than in case of donors produced with intact sperm (89.6 and 81.7%, respectively). The production of rainbow trout using cryopreserved sperm does not appear to negatively affect reproductive abilities of male progeny and semen from donors, which were produced using cryopreserved sperm, is more suitable for cryopreservation than the semen from donors produced with intactspermatozoa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb01684.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The presence of uric acid, an antioxidantive substance, in fish seminal plasma (1999)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 21 (1999), S. 313-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: antioxidants ; fish ; spermatozoa ; seminal plasma ; urate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract High concentrations of uric acid in seminal plasma of a range of teleost fish species are reported for the first time. Concentrations of urate amounted to 223.4; 121.9–130.0, 355.9, 735.6, 124.0, 192.7 and 148.0 μM for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), muskellunge (Esox masquinongy), Northern pike (Esox lucius), carp koi (Cyprinus carpio), bream (Abramis brama), and tench (Tinca Tinca), respectively. Uric acid is an important anti-oxidant, therefore, it has a potential role in protection of fish spermatozoa against oxidative damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007886121663
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