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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Natural” agglutinins against sea urchin sperm in the hemolymph of the crab Cardisoma guanhumi (1971)
    Springer
    Marine biology 8 (1971), S. 6-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract “Natural” agglutinins against sperm have been considered to be broadly specific. However, the clumping of sperm from one species of sea urchin in hemolymph from the crab Cardisoma guanhumi, revealed a narrowly specific agglutinin. Additional testing could establish the taxonomic distribution of the reacting antigen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349339
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature on food ingestion rate and absorption, retention, and equilibrium burden of phosphorus in an aquatic snail, Goniobasis clavaeformis Lea (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 5 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of sublethal temperatures on feeding rates and phosphorus dynamics of a freshwater snail, Goniobasis clavaeformis Lea, were determined and feeding rates were measured at four temperatures. The food source was aufwuchs labelled with radioactive phosphorus. A model was developed to elucidate the results of this type of study. Food ingestion rate increased with increasing temperature up to 14°C and then decreased at temperatures above 14°C. The elimination rate of absorbed phosphorus increased with increasing temperature throughout the entire range of experimental temperatures, 10-19.3°C. Mean retention times of absorbed phosphorus i n Goniobasis were estimated to be 34, 24, 10, and 6 days at 10, 13.8, 15, and 193°C, respectively. Mean retention time of unabsorbed 32P in the gut of this species as a function of temperature followed the same temperature relationship as that of ingestion rate.The absorption efficiency of phosphorus was estimated to be constant at about 39% for ail experimental temperatures, although the data suggest that the absorption ePRciency may have been related inversely to the rate of gut clearance or directly to the residence time of food in the gut. The equilibrium body load of phosphorus at each experimental temperature was estimated based on concentrations of stable phosphorus in the food source and the kinetics of 32P in Goniobasis. The equilibrium body burden of phosphorus in Goniobasis increased with increasing temperatures up to a maximum at 11–12°C and then decreased at temperatures above 12°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1975.tb00143.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inferring ecological risk from toxicity bioassays (1996)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 90 (1996), S. 71-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: ecological risk ; ecotoxicology ; populations ; ecosystems ; bioassays ; population-level endpoints
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Results from toxicological bioassays can express the likely impact of environmental contamination on biochemical function, histopathology, development, reproduction and survivorship. However, justifying environmental regulatory decisions and management plans requires predictions of the consequent effects on ecological populations and communities. Although extrapolating the results of toxicity bioassays to potential effects on the ecosystem may be beyond the current scientific capacity of ecology, it is possible to make detailed forecasts at the level of a population. We give examples in which toxicological impacts are either magnified or diminished by population-dynamic phenomena and argue that ecological risk assessments should be conducted at a level no lower than the population. Although methods recently proposed by EPA acknowledge that ecological risk evaluations should reflect population-level effects, they adopt approaches from human health risk analysis that focus on individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619269
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Watershed risk analysis model for TVA's Holston River basin (1996)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 90 (1996), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: watershed ; water quality ; point source vs nonpoint source pollution ; decision variables
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The Electric Power Research Institute has launched a research project to develop a conceptual risk analysis framework for watershed management of point and nonpoint source pollution. The research leads to the design of an engineering model to 1) process and translate water quality data (coliform, HOD, DO, suspended solids, temperature, sediment, etc.) into decision variables (suitability for water contact sports and swimming, fish spawning fish survival, human consumption of fish, and freedom from algal nuisance, etc.) and 2) predict water quality improvements from proposed management alternatives. Actual development of the model is being carried out with the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) for the Holston River watershed.The effort includes model construction by importation of GIS map files, stringing together existing watershed and reservoir models, calibration of the model, and selection of decision variables and water quality check points. The model calculates hydrology, waste load, water quality and suitability of fish habitats at headwaters. The base case results and improvements after best management alternatives will be compared to the data observed by TVA's River Action Team. The final product will be a user friendly tool that stakeholders can use to find a cost effective method of improving water quality, including market-based pollution trading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619268
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of an east tennessee oak hickory forest by canonical correlation of species and environmental parameters (1977)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 35 (1977), S. 153-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Canonical group correlation ; Carya ; Environmental parameters ; Forest ; Quercus species ; Tennessee
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A new multivariate analytical technique, canonical group correlation (CGC) is developed to correlate abiotic and biotic characterization of communities. This technique is applied to the plant communities of a 97.5 ha oak-hickory watershed. This analysis has validated inferences drawn in earlier studies which used only species data. We have concluded that the dominant factors discriminating the four distinct types of vegetation which exist in the region being studied are age and slope position. Slope position is inferred to be correlated with a moisture gradient. This information is depicted by the location of the four community types in two canonical spaces. One space is determined by vegetational parameters (species composition), the other by environmental parameters. A linear transformation between the two spaces is derived. This transformation can be used to predict successional development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02097066
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  • 6
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    Why are some proteins structures so common? (1996)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-04-16
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Optimal protein-folding codes from spin-glass theory. (1992)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    On the thermodynamic hypothesis of protein folding (1998)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-12
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    Nonadaptive Amino Acid Convergence Rates Decrease over Time (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-30
    Description: Convergence is a central concept in evolutionary studies because it provides strong evidence for adaptation. It also provides information about the nature of the fitness landscape and the repeatability of evolution, and can mislead phylogenetic inference. To understand the role of adaptive convergence, we need to understand the patterns of nonadaptive convergence. Here, we consider the relationship between nonadaptive convergence and divergence in mitochondrial and model proteins. Surprisingly, nonadaptive convergence is much more common than expected in closely related organisms, falling off as organisms diverge. The extent of the convergent drop-off in mitochondrial proteins is well predicted by epistatic or coevolutionary effects in our "evolutionary Stokes shift" models and poorly predicted by conventional evolutionary models. Convergence probabilities decrease dramatically if the ancestral amino acids of branches being compared have diverged, but also drop slowly over evolutionary time even if the ancestral amino acids have not substituted. Convergence probabilities drop-off rapidly for quickly evolving sites, but much more slowly for slowly evolving sites. Furthermore, once sites have diverged their convergence probabilities are extremely low and indistinguishable from convergence levels at randomized sites. These results indicate that we cannot assume that excessive convergence early on is necessarily adaptive. This new understanding should help us to better discriminate adaptive from nonadaptive convergence and develop more relevant evolutionary models with improved validity for phylogenetic inference.
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Population Size Dependence of Fitness Effect Distribution and Substitution Rate Probed by Biophysical Model of Protein Thermostability (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: The predicted effect of effective population size on the distribution of fitness effects and substitution rate is critically dependent on the relationship between sequence and fitness. This highlights the importance of using models that are informed by the molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics of the evolving systems. We describe a computational model based on fundamental aspects of biophysics, the requirement for (most) proteins to be thermodynamically stable. Using this model, we find that differences in population size have minimal impact on the distribution of population-scaled fitness effects, as well as on the rate of molecular evolution. This is because larger populations result in selection for more stable proteins that are less affected by mutations. This reduction in the magnitude of the fitness effects almost exactly cancels the greater selective pressure resulting from the larger population size. Conversely, changes in the population size in either direction cause transient increases in the substitution rate. As differences in population size often correspond to changes in population size, this makes comparisons of substitution rates in different lineages difficult to interpret.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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