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  • 1
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    Mathematical Properties of Several Population Dynamics Models (1972)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1972-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0012-9658
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-9170
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of Ecological Society of America.
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Estimation of canopy parameters for inhomogeneous vegetation canopies from reflectance data. I - Two-dimensional row canopy (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A canopy-reflectance (CR) model for row-planted vegetation is presented. Its use of an estimation of important biophysical variables like leaf-area index (LAI) and average leaf angle (ALA) from bidirectional CR data is discussed. Using field-measured CR data for a partially covered soybean canopy, it is shown that one can accurately estimate LAI, ALA and extent of percentage of ground cover from CR data.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161); 7; 665-681
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Inversion of vegetation canopy reflectance models for estimating agronomic variables. II - Use of angle transforms and error analysis as illustrated by Suits' model (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The technique for inverting a vegetation canopy reflectance model described earlier (Goel and Strebel, 1983) is investigated further. The novel concept of an 'angle transform' is introduced. This concept allows the formation of functions of reflectances at different view zenith and azimuth angles, which are either sensitive or insensitive to a certain agronomic parameter. A proper combination of these functions can allow determination of all the important agronomic and spectral parameters from measured canopy reflectance data. The technique is demonstrated using Suits' (1972) model for homogeneous canopies. It is shown that leaf area index, leaf reflectance and transmittance, and average leaf angle all can be determined from the canopy reflectance at a set of selected view zenith and azimuth angles. A sensitivity analysis of the calculated values to the errors in the data is also carried out. Guidelines are formulated for the number and types of observations required to obtain the values of a particular canopy variable to within a given degree of accuracy for a given level of error in the measurement of canopy reflectance.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 14; 77-111
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Estimation of canopy parameters for inhomogeneous vegetation canopies from reflectance data. II - Estimation of leaf area index and percentage of ground cover for row canopies (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The canopy reflectance (CR) model for row-planted vegetation proposed earlier has been tested for soybean canopies in three different stages of growth and for corn canopies at early and full growth stages. The model fits the field-measured bidirectional CR data quite well. It is shown that, by inverting this model, one could estimate the leaf area index as well as the percentage of ground cover quite accurately from measured canopy reflectances.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161); 7; 1263-128
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Evaluation of a canopy reflectance model for LAI estimation through its inversion (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A technique for estimating leaf area indices (LAIs) based on bidirectional canopy reflectance (CR) data is applied to three plant canopies: a naturally growing healthy soybean canopy; and a clumped and tufted orchardgrass canopy, respectively. The CR data were collected using a PARABOLA instrument which is capable of acquiring complete sky-and-ground looking hemispheres in 11 seconds. The model fit and LAI estimates were good for the soybean and clumped orchardgrass canopies, but poor for the tufted orchardgrass canopy when the maximum zenith angle was less than 50 percent. It is shown that the biophysical parameter estimation based on CR measurements applied well to homogeneous herbaceous vegetation types, while better CR models are needed to adequately represent discontinuous plant canopies.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); GE-23; 674-684
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  • 6
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    A model for radiative transfer in heterogeneous three-dimensional canopies (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: A model, dubbed TRIM, for the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with inhomogeneous vegetation canopies is presented. It is based on the four flux theory for homogeneous canopies. The canopy is assumed to consist of ellipsoidal subcanopies located on the ground at periodic intervals. The model is inverted with field measured data for reflectance from corn canopies in the near infrared region. It is shown that TRIM correctly identifies the architecture of the canopy (homogeneous or row canopy, percentage of ground cover) and gives a good estimate of leaf area index.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ESA, Proceedings of the 4th International Colloquium on Spectral Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 133-136
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Modeling canopy reflectance and microwave backscattering coefficient (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Various approaches to model canopy reflectance (CR) in the visible/infrared region and backscattering coefficient (BSC) in the microwave region are compared and contrasted. It is noted that BSC can be related to CR in the source direction (the 'hot spot' direction). By assuming a frequency dependent leaf reflectance and transmittance it is shown that the observed dependence of BSC on leaf area index, leaf angle distribution, angle of incidence, soil moisture content, and frequency can be simulated by a CR model. Thus both BSC and CR can, in principle, be calculated using a single model which has essentially the same parameters as many CR models do.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 18; 235-253
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Inversion of vegetation canopy reflectance models for estimating agronomic variables. V - Estimation of leaf area index and average leaf angle using measured canopy reflectances (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 16; 69-85
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Inversion of vegetation canopy reflectance models for estimating agronomic variables. III - Estimation using only canopy reflectance data as illustrated by the suits model. IV - Total inversion of the SAIL model (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The possibility of estimating agronomic and spectral parameters for a vegetation canopy from the canopy reflectance (CR) data in the infrared region is investigated for a set of solar/view directions. It is shown that such an estimation is possible, in principle, for the Suits (1972) model for a homogeneous canopy. The technique is then applied to a more complex model, the SAIL (scattering by arbitrarily inclined leaves) model which explicitly includes the leaf angle distribution in the computation of the canopy reflectance. It is concluded that, given the expected accuracy of CR measurements and the accuracy of the SAIL model in representing CR in the infrared region, the agronomic parameters, leaf area index, and leaf angle distribution can be estimated fairly accurately using ancillary data on spectral parameters.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 15; 223-253
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  • 10
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    Two-dimensional leaf orientation distributions (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Combined inclination/azimuth leaf angle distributions are important for accurate models of vegetation canopy reflectance. It is shown that appropriate mathematical representations can be constructed from beta distributions under most circumstances. This is illustrated by analyzing observational data on soybean leaves and balsam fir needles. There are some problems when the data is imprecise and when correlations between inclination and azimuth angle are induced by heliotropism. Otherwise, the two-dimensional beta-type distribution appears to be a versatile tool for describing complete inclination/azimuth leaf angle distributions.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); GE-23; 640-647
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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