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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations in the index of refraction of the atmosphere (1948)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 13 (1948), S. 88-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary This paper discusses the atmospheric refractive index (a) throughout the year at the surface of the earth and (b) for each season in various air masses. Mean monthly or seasonal values, respectively, are employed. The annual variation in the refractive index at the earth's surface is examined by noting the contributions of the optical and the water vapor terms. The former exhibits a sinusoidal variation with a period of a year, having a maximum in winter and a minimum during summer. The amplitude of the cycle is latitude dependent, appearing greater in polar than in tropical regions. The magnitude of the water vapor term is more strongly dependent upon both season and latitude. Excepting areas where the dew point changes little from month to month, the water vapor term attains a single yearly maximum at about mid July. Graphs of the variation of refiactive index with altitude for the major air masses are included. Highest values of the index up to a height of 6 km are found in tropical maritime and monsoon air masses; lowest values, in arctic air masses. The rate of decrease of refractive index with height is usually quite different for diverse air masses. From the surface to an altitude of 6 km, the most constant rate of decrease with altitude, considering all air mass types, was found in the superior air mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01987689
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ionosphere and solar activity (1960)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 45 (1960), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The correlation between monthly median critical frequencies and solar activity was determined for Washington, D.C. Results were compared with those from a similar study made for six Arctic stations. For noon data (E, F1 andF2 layers), a greater value off c (at zero sunspot number) and a slightly greater slope were obtained for Washington than for the Arctic locations. The influence of increased solar activity on the behavior of the midnight ionosphere is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01996579
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SporadicE movements (1950)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 18 (1950), S. 162-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Während dem 13. und 14. Juni 1949 wurde in Nord-Amerika weitauseinanderliegende abnormaleE-Region Aktivität beobachtet bei oblique einfallenden Ionosphären-Beobachtungsstellen. Die Information wurde von einer kooperierenten Gruppe Radio-Amateuren erhalten. Auf diesem Wege war es möglich eine Schätzung der Breite und Bewegung des sporadischenE′s zu erhalten. DreiE S Wolken wurden festgestellt, jede deren einen Geschwindigkeitskomponenten vom Osten her besass. Die Geschwindigkeiten waren ungefähr SO 90 km/Stunde, NO 140 km/Stunde und SSO 190 km/Stunde (im meteorologischem Sinn, d. h. vom SO, NO, und SSO).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02000322
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy and duration of a sudden ionospheric disturbance (1954)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 27 (1954), S. 156-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durchgeführt wurde eine Untersuchung über den maximalen Energiebetrag, der bei einer sprunghaften ionosphärischen Störung bis auf eine Tiefe von 80 km herab durch die Atmosphäre absorbiert werden dürfte Wenn man annimmt, dass die Ionisation durch die Lymansche α-Strahlung von der Sonne her bewirkt wird und dass der ganze vorhandene Sauerstoff ionisiert wird, dann ist die von der sonnenbestrahlten Hemisphäre absorbierte Energie 5.65·1027 ergs.
    Notes: Summary A study was made of the maximum amount of energy which might be absorbed by the atmosphere down to 80 km during a sudden ionospheric disturbance. Assuming that the ionization is caused by Lyman α radiation from the sun, and that all oxygen present is ionized, the energy absorbed by the sunlit hemisphere is 5.65·1027 ergs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033243
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of Auroras with Increased Cosmic Ray Intensities (November 19, 1949) (1951)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 167 (1951), S. 894-895 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It might be interesting also to note briefly the sudden ionospheric disturbances which were observed on the same date. During 1035-1100 G.M.T., the radio-receiving station of RCA Communication, Riverhead, New York, reported a sudden ionospheric disturbance for transmitters located in Argentina, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/167894a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large-scale Sporadic Movements of the E -Layer of the Ionosphere (1950)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 166 (1950), S. 316-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Some very preliminary results are available, and it is the intention of this short note to indicate striking movements during the period May 15-16, 1949, G.M.T., the latest data available at the time of writing. Results are shown in the accompanying sketch-map summarizing .EMayer reflexions at ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/166316b0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radio Observations of the Aurora on November 19, 1949 (1951)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 167 (1951), S. 804-805 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A PHENOMENON long known to the radio amateurs was observed on November 19, 1949, over the north-central and north-east portions of the United States and over the adjacent regions of the Dominion of Canada. This phenomenon, which may be termed auroral interaction , generally describes the reception ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/167804a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maintenance of Nocturnal Ionization (1949)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 163 (1949), S. 491-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE rate of change of ionization in the F2 ionospheric layer is considered to follow the equation ... under the assumption that the layer is electrostatically neutral and that the net rate of attachment1,2 is negligible. In (1), n is the number of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/163491a0
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  • 9
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    A Note on Temperature and the Recombination Coefficient (1949)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1949-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-9606
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7690
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 10
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    Ionospheric Physics (1950)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1950-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-9228
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-0699
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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