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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterizing organic matter of soil aggregate coatings and biopores by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden , USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 55 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In some soils, aggregate coatings and walls of biopores differ in the content of clay and organic carbon from that of the aggregate interiors or the soil matrix. The composition of the organic matter on aggregates and on the surfaces of biopores is largely unknown. We have compared the composition of organic matter between inner and outer parts of aggregates and between biopore walls and the soil matrix in a loamy arable soil and a sandy forest one. Hot-water- and sodium-pyrophosphate-extractable organic matter was analysed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. For the sandy forest soil, the FT-IR spectra showed that organic matter from the walls of root channels contains fewer functional groups with absorption bands at 1740–1710 cm−1 and 1640–1600 cm−1 than that from burrow fillings. For the arable soil, the content of these functional groups in hot-water-soluble organic matter from the coatings is less than in that from the interiors in the topsoil, and the reverse is so in the subsoil, probably because water-soluble organic matter containing these functional groups has moved from topsoil to subsoil. The results indicate that root channels in the forest soil have more reactive zones in an otherwise relatively inert sandy matrix, whereas aggregate coatings in the arable subsoil have a greater cation exchange capacity and a greater sorption potential for hydrophobic substances than the aggregate interiors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2004.00593.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric relaxation in aqueous solutions of urea and some of its derivatives (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 90 (1986), S. 5464-5469 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100412a113
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of soil organic matter from a sandy soil in relation to management practice using FT-IR spectroscopy (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 213 (1999), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: fertilization ; FT-IR spectroscopy ; long-term experiment ; management effects ; soil organic matter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Previous results from differently fertilized long-term field experiments on a sandy soil suggested that the chemical composition of soil organic matter (SOM) is affected by fertilization. The objective of this paper is to confirm this finding for a site with higher soil-clay contents. Four combinations of different fertilizer treatments at long-term field experiment located at a sandy loam were selected: liquid manure (LM), liquid manure+N (LM+N), straw+N (S+N) and mineral nitrogen only (N). Soil organic matter was extracted using sodium pyrophosphate solution at pH of 10 and hot water. The extracts were analyzed using Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicate that the composition of SOM from the hot water extracts did not show significant differences while the sodium pyrophosphate extracted SOM is affected by the type of fertilization. Soil samples fertilized with LM+N and S+N show the highest intensity of the carboxyl band. This can be explained by the fact that the combination of S+N fertilization with green manure leads to an enrichment of carboxyl groups in SOM. Differences between the band intensities of the treatments for the SOM samples are, however, not as distinct as for the sandy soil samples. This is possibly a result of the higher clay content and lower age of the long-term experiment at the sandy loam site. The intensity of the carboxyl band of the SOM is correlated with the cation exchange capacity of the soil samples. The composition of SOM may, in addition to the SOM content, be used for studying quantitative effects of different management practices or even land use changes on soil properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004511714538
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  • 4
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    Impact of Soil Microstructure Geometry on DRIFT Spectra: Comparisons with Beam Trace Modeling (2010)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-5995
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0661
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    Simulated Preferential Water Flow and Solute Transport in Shrinking Soils (2015)
    Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-23
    Description: We present follow-up work to previous work extending the classical rigid (RGD) approach formerly proposed by Gerke and van Genuchten, to account for shrinking effects (SHR) in modeling water flow and solute transport in dual-permeability porous media. In this study we considered three SHR scenarios, assuming that aggregate shrinkage may change either: (i) the hydraulic properties of the two pore domains, (ii) their relative fractions, or (iii) both hydraulic properties and fractions of the two domains. The objective was to compare simulation results obtained under the RGD and the SHR assumptions to illustrate the impact of matrix volume changes on water storage, water fluxes, and solute concentrations during an infiltration process bringing an initially dry soil to saturation and a drainage process starting from an initially saturated soil. For an infiltration process, the simulated wetting front and the solute concentration propagation velocity, as well as the water fluxes and water and solute exchange rates, for the three SHR scenarios significantly deviated from the RGD. By contrast, relatively similar water content profiles evolved under all scenarios during drying. Overall, compared to the RGD approach, the effect of changing the hydraulic properties and the weight of the two domains according to the shrinkage behavior of the soil aggregates induced a much more rapid response in terms of water fluxes and solute travel times, as well as a larger and deeper water and solute transfer from the fractures to the matrix during wetting processes.
    Electronic ISSN: 1539-1663
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
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  • 6
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    Stabilin-1 macrophages prevent liver fibrosis [Cell Biology] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-17
    Description: Macrophages are key regulators of fibrosis development and resolution. Elucidating the mechanisms by which they mediate this process is crucial for establishing their therapeutic potential. Here, we use experimental models of liver fibrosis to show that deficiency of the scavenger receptor, stabilin-1, exacerbates fibrosis and delays resolution during the recovery...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Tracer, Dissolved Organic Carbon, and Colloid Leaching from Erosion-Affected Arable Hillslope Soils (2015)
    Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-23
    Description: In a morainic arable soil landscape, tillage and water erosion created truncated soil profiles at exposed steep slope positions and colluvial soils in depressions. This study examined the effects of erosion-induced pedogenetic dynamics on flow and transport properties, colloid mobilization, and dissolved organic C (DOC) leaching for an uneroded Luvisol (LV) at the plateau and a strongly eroded Regosol (RG) at the slope position. Unsaturated steady-flow experiments were performed on intact soil columns (20-cm diameter, 16–18 cm high) extracted from the Luvisol (Ap, E, and Bt horizons; three depths) and the Regosol (Ap and CBkl horizons; two depths) in three replicates. Together with a 3 H 2 O tracer, the leaching of colloids and DOC and the electrical conductivity were determined in the percolate. Colloid concentration was obtained from turbidity data. Effective dispersion coefficients, D eff , were determined by fitting the convection–dispersion equation and the mobile–immobile transport model (program CXTFIT) to 3 H 2 O breakthrough curves (BTCs). Values of D eff were lower for Luvisol (20.1 ± 0.3 cm 2 d –1 ; mean ± standard deviation) than for Regosol columns (30.2 ± 12.6 cm 2 d –1 ). The pore structure of the Regosol topsoil was influenced by incorporation of CaCO 3 from glacial till. The plow pan in the Luvisol caused an increased heterogeneity in the BTCs. Differences in transport properties and leaching potentials for colloids (LV: 98 ± 9 mg L –1 ; RG: 15 ± 4 mg L –1 ) and DOC (LV: 13.7 ± 3.7 mg L –1 ; RG: 6.9 ± 1.1 mg L –1 ) suggested a gradual change in the solid-phase composition and structure of these contrasting soils.
    Electronic ISSN: 1539-1663
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
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  • 8
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    Analyzing Management-Induced Dynamics of Soluble Organic Matter Composition in Soils from Long-Term Field Experiments (2016)
    Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-19
    Description: Soil organic matter (SOM) can be affected by adopted soil management options. However, it is unclear how mineral and organic fertilization could change the amount and composition of SOM. The objective of this study was to test the applicability of infrared spectroscopy for analyzing management-induced impacts on organic matter (OM) composition. Ap horizon samples were collected from the long term-field experiments at Bad Lauchstädt (loam), Groß Kreutz, and Müncheberg (both loamy sand) in plots fertilized with farmyard manure (FYM), farmyard manure plus mineral N (FYM + N), and mineral N only (N) and an unfertilized control plot. The SOM and hot-water-soluble and pyrophosphate-soluble (OM-PY) organic matter fractions were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The OM composition was evaluated in terms of the ratio between absorption band intensities in FTIR. The soluble OM fractions of FYM had larger C=O/C–O–C ratios than the N and control treatments. While the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of OM-PY from FYM was larger, it was smaller for the N plots than the control at all sites. The results allowed identification of fertilization-induced long-term dynamics in (i) the OM composition and (ii) the CEC and the potential wettability of SOM and OM fractions. The OM-PY fraction could be used to identify and characterize the long-term changes in OM composition. For a more quantitative analysis, however, more replicate samples and a seasonal differentiation would be required to separate between shorter and longer term changes.
    Electronic ISSN: 1539-1663
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
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  • 9
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    Solute Mass Transfer Effects in Two-Dimensional Dual-Permeability Modeling of Bromide Leaching From a Tile-Drained Field (2013)
    Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-18
    Description: Preferential flow (PF) depends on processes and structures in soil at the small scale and can affect flow and transport processes at much larger scales. For studying PF processes, the discharge and solute effluent from subsurface drained experimental fields has frequently been used as a field-integrated signal that included combined effects of macropore flow and lateral transport toward the drain. The objective of this study was to better understand effects of the mass transfer coefficients on bromide (Br) leaching in a two-dimensional (2D) dual-permeability concept. The Br leaching was simulated for data of a Br tracer irrigation experiment on a drained field (5000 m 2 area) at Bokhorst (Germany), where soils developed from glacial till sediments. Flow and transport in 2D vertical cross-sections was described using a numerical 2D dual-permeability model. For applied Br, influx of Br only in the soil matrix (SM) domain, only in the preferential flow (PF) domain, and proportional to the water influx in both domains was considered to assess the impact of small-scale redistribution processes occurring at the structured soil surface on field- and plot-scale transport. Three values of the water and four of the solute mass transfer rate coefficients were tested to imitate local effects (e.g., of clay-organic coatings) on the inter-domain mass transfer. The local-scale solute mass transfer between PF and SM domains had a clear impact on Br concentrations in drain effluent at the field scale; concentrations mainly increased more rapidly with smaller values of the diffusive mass transfer coefficient. In the 2D flow domain, representing the plot scale, mass transfer rates were temporally and spatially variable with varying importance of diffusive and advective components depending on the influx rates; local effects were still significant at the field scale. Small-scale properties and processes such as domain-specific infiltration and mass transfer in structured soil seem important for improving the description of larger-scale flow and transport processes.
    Electronic ISSN: 1539-1663
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
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  • 10
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    Geophysical-Based Modeling of a Kettle Hole Catchment of the Morainic Soil Landscape (2013)
    Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-16
    Description: Soilscapes of the post-glacial morainic regions of the youngest glaciation are characterized by small hydrological kettle hole catchments forming hummocky soil landscapes. The spatial heterogeneity of subsurface structures as well as erosion-controlled pedogenesis under arable land use may complicate hydrological modeling. Our aim was to generate a soil landscape model for a small representative kettle hole catchment based on geoelectrical exploration and soil profile information. For a 1-ha catchment located in the northeastern German lowlands near the town of Prenzlau, electrical resistivity transects were determined by a multi electrode system (IMPETUS 12 Fs) and electrical conductivity (ECa) was mapped by using the electromagnetic induction (EMI) device EM38DD in both the vertical and horizontal modes. The 1-m digital elevation model (DEM) was obtained by kriging from high resolution manual elevation data determined with a leveling device (ZEISS Ni 40). Soil profile data from 26 boreholes distributed radially around the central pond were used to identify boundaries between soil horizons. The soil is characterized by varying topography and morphology of diagnostic horizons such as M- (colluvium), Bt- (clay illuviation), and C- (parent glacial till). By EMI mapping we identified (i) the boundary between erosive and colluvial areas around the kettle hole, and modeled (ii) the subsurface morphology of loamy horizons. Electrical resistivity tomography results coincide with these findings and allow for distinguishing between sandy and loamy dominated areas both in vertical and horizontal direction, respectively. This soil model of soil textural properties could be used for hydrological modeling.
    Electronic ISSN: 1539-1663
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
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