Publication Date:
2019
Description:
Abstract
The values of the atmospheric variables follow from mass, momentum and energy conservation equations. These equations involve gradients which, in heterogeneous terrain, lead to a connection of the values at one point to the values in their nearby surroundings, due to turbulence mixing or advective local transports. In this work the observed variability of the air and soil variables is analysed for a 1 km2 surface in a semi‐rural area for a number of weather stations separated typically 150 m.
Data show a large variability at the hectometre scale, with several degrees of difference in temperature sustained in time between neighbouring points. While in the daytime turbulence contributes to keep the differences moderate, in weak wind nights the spatial variability increases significantly. The variability of soil variables can be large depending on the soil moisture and the vegetation cover and is less sensitive to the diurnal cycle. The inspection of the vertical gradients of temperature and humidity reveals that their sign and intensity, and consequently the corresponding sensible and latent heat fluxes, differ depending on the measuring point.
The thermal advection is obtained from the hectometre‐scale network, which is comparable in magnitude to the turbulent fluxes and to the imbalance of the surface energy budget for clear and calm nights. During the day, the advection term may explain part of the energy budget imbalance, particularly when it is computed on a 30‐minute time scale. A similar method is applied to the water vapour, finding that in the very dry conditions of the experiment, moisture advection is significant and with values comparable to the evapotranspiration.
Print ISSN:
2169-897X
Electronic ISSN:
2169-8996
Topics:
Geosciences
,
Physics
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