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Preconditioning in the reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis and the potential for trans-generational acclimatization in coral larvae under future climate change conditions (2015)

Putnam, H M ; Gates, Ruth D

PANGAEA

In: Supplement to: Putnam, H M; Gates, Ruth D (2015): Preconditioning in the reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis and the potential for trans-generational acclimatization in coral larvae under future climate change conditions. Journal of Experimental Biology, 218(15), 2365-2372, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.123018

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Publication Date: 2024-03-15

Description: Coral reefs are globally threatened by climate change-related ocean warming and ocean acidification (OA). To date, slow-response mechanisms such as genetic adaptation have been considered the major determinant of coral reef persistence, with little consideration of rapid-response acclimatization mechanisms. These rapid mechanisms such as parental effects that can contribute to trans-generational acclimatization (e.g. epigenetics) have, however, been identified as important contributors to offspring response in other systems. We present the first evidence of parental effects in a cross-generational exposure to temperature and OA in reef-building corals. Here, we exposed adults to high (28.9°C, 805 µatm PCO2) or ambient (26.5°C, 417 µatm PCO2) temperature and OA treatments during the larval brooding period. Exposure to high treatment negatively affected adult performance, but their larvae exhibited size differences and metabolic acclimation when subsequently re-exposed, unlike larvae from parents exposed to ambient conditions. Understanding the innate capacity corals possess to respond to current and future climatic conditions is essential to reef protection and maintenance. Our results identify that parental effects may have an important role through (1) ameliorating the effects of stress through preconditioning and adaptive plasticity, and/or (2) amplifying the negative parental response through latent effects on future life stages. Whether the consequences of parental effects and the potential for trans-generational acclimatization are beneficial or maladaptive, our work identifies a critical need to expand currently proposed climate change outcomes for corals to further assess rapid response mechanisms that include non-genetic inheritance through parental contributions and classical epigenetic mechanisms.

Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcification/Dissolution; Calcification rate of calcium carbonate; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gross photosynthesis/respiration ratio; Gross photosynthesis rate, oxygen; Identification; Laboratory experiment; Net photosynthesis rate, oxygen; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; Photochemical efficiency; Pocillopora damicornis; Potentiometric titration; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Registration number of species; Respiration; Respiration rate, oxygen; Salinity; Single species; Species; Spectrophotometric; Temperature; Temperature, water; Treatment; Tropical; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Zooplankton

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 561 data points

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Seawater carbonate chemistry and tissue biomass composition, calcification of a reef coral (2017)

Wall, Christopher B ; Mason, R A B ; Ellis, W R ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

In: Supplement to: Wall, Christopher B; Mason, R A B; Ellis, W R; Cunning, Ross; Gates, Ruth D (2017): Elevated pCO2 affects tissue biomass composition, but not calcification, in a reef coral under two light regimes. Royal Society Open Science, 4(11), 170683, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170683

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Publication Date: 2024-03-15

Description: Ocean acidification (OA) is predicted to reduce reef coral calcification rates and threaten the long-term growth of coral reefs under climate change. Reduced coral growth at elevated pCO2 may be buffered by sufficiently high irradiances; however, the interactive effects of OA and irradiance on other fundamental aspects of coral physiology, such as the composition and energetics of coral biomass, remain largely unexplored. This study tested the effects of two light treatments (7.5 versus 15.7 mol photons/m**2/d) at ambient or elevated pCO2 (435 versus 957 µatm) on calcification, photopigment and symbiont densities, biomass reserves (lipids, carbohydrates, proteins), and biomass energy content (kJ) of the reef coral Pocillopora acuta from Kāne'ohe Bay, Hawai'i. While pCO2 and light had no effect on either area- or biomass-normalized calcification, tissue lipids/gdw and kJ/gdw were reduced 15% and 14% at high pCO2, and carbohydrate content increased 15% under high light. The combination of high light and high pCO2 reduced protein biomass (per unit area) by approximately 20%. Thus, under ecologically relevant irradiances, P. acuta in Kāne'ohe Bay does not exhibit OA-driven reductions in calcification reported for other corals; however, reductions in tissue lipids, energy content and protein biomass suggest OA induced an energetic deficit and compensatory catabolism of tissue biomass. The null effects of OA on calcification at two irradiances support a growing body of work concluding some reef corals may be able to employ compensatory physiological mechanisms that maintain present-day levels of calcification under OA. However, negative effects of OA on P. acuta biomass composition and energy content may impact the long-term performance and scope for growth of this species in a high pCO2 world.

Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard error; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard error; Ash free dry mass; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard error; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcification/Dissolution; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbohydrates; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard error; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Cell density; Chlorophyll a; Chlorophyll c2; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Colony number/ID; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); EXP; Experiment; Experiment duration; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Identification; Irradiance; Laboratory experiment; Light; Lipid content; Lipids; Mass change; North Pacific; Oahu_Island; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error; pH; pH, standard error; Pocillopora acuta; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Proteins; Registration number of species; Salinity; Single species; Species; Surface area; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard error; Treatment; Tropical; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Volume

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6677 data points

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Adaptation of a globally important coccolithophore to ocean warming and acidification (2014)

Gibbin, Emma M ; Putnam, H M ; Davy, Simon K ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

In: Supplement to: Gibbin, Emma M; Putnam, H M; Davy, Simon K; Gates, Ruth D (2014): Intracellular pH and its response to CO2-driven seawater acidification in symbiotic versus non-symbiotic coral cells. Journal of Experimental Biology, 217(11), 1963-1969, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.099549

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Publication Date: 2024-03-15

Description: Regulating intracellular pH (pHi) is critical for optimising the metabolic activity of corals, yet mechanisms involved in pH regulation and the buffering capacity within coral cells are not well understood. Our study investigated how the presence of symbiotic dinoflagellates affects the response of pHi to pCO2-driven seawater acidification in cells isolated from Pocillopora damicornis. Using the fluorescent dye BCECF-AM, in conjunction with confocal microscopy, we simultaneously characterised the response of pHi in host coral cells and their dinoflagellate symbionts, in symbiotic and non-symbiotic states under saturating light, with and without the photosynthetic inhibitor DCMU. Each treatment was run under control (pH 7.8) and CO2 acidified seawater conditions (decreasing pH from 7.8 - 6.8). After two hours of CO2 addition, by which time the external pH (pHe) had declined to 6.8, the dinoflagellate symbionts had increased their pHi by 0.5 pH units above control levels. In contrast, in both symbiotic and non-symbiotic host coral cells, 15 min of CO2 addition (0.2 pH unit drop in pHe) led to cytoplasmic acidosis equivalent to 0.4 pH units. Despite further seawater acidification over the duration of the experiment, the pHi of non-symbiotic coral cells did not change, though in host cells containing a symbiont cell the pHi recovered to control levels. This recovery was negated when cells were incubated with DCMU. Our results reveal that photosynthetic activity of the endosymbiont is tightly coupled with the ability of the host cell to recover from cellular acidosis after exposure to high CO2 / low pH.

Keywords: Acid-base regulation; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard error; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Laboratory experiment; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, extracellular; pH, intracellular; pH, standard error; pH change; Pocillopora damicornis; Replicate; Salinity; Salinity, standard error; Single species; Species; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard error; Time in minutes; Treatment; Tropical

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3840 data points

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Seawater carbonate chemistry and coral offspring ecological performance (2020)

Putnam, H M ; Ritson-Williams, R ; Cruz, Jolly Ann ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

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Publication Date: 2024-03-15

Description: The persistence of reef building corals is threatened by human-induced environmental change. Maintaining coral reefs into the future requires not only the survival of adults, but also the influx of recruits to promote genetic diversity and retain cover following adult mortality. Few studies examine the linkages among multiple life stages of corals, despite a growing knowledge of carryover effects in other systems. We provide a novel test of coral parental conditioning to ocean acidification (OA) and tracking of offspring for 6 months post-release to better understand parental or developmental priming impacts on the processes of offspring recruitment and growth. Coral planulation was tracked for 3 months following adult exposure to high pCO2 and offspring from the second month were reciprocally exposed to ambient and high pCO2 for an additional 6 months. Offspring of parents exposed to high pCO2 had greater settlement and survivorship immediately following release, retained survivorship benefits during 1 and 6 months of continued exposure, and further displayed growth benefits to at least 1 month post release. Enhanced performance of offspring from parents exposed to high conditions was maintained despite the survivorship in both treatments declining in continued exposure to OA. Conditioning of the adults while they brood their larvae, or developmental acclimation of the larvae inside the adult polyps, may provide a form of hormetic conditioning, or environmental priming that elicits stimulatory effects. Defining mechanisms of positive acclimatization, with potential implications for carry over effects, cross-generational plasticity, and multi-generational plasticity, is critical to better understanding ecological and evolutionary dynamics of corals under regimes of increasing environmental disturbance. Considering environmentally-induced parental or developmental legacies in ecological and evolutionary projections may better account for coral reef response to the chronic stress regimes characteristic of climate change.

Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Chamber number; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Colony number/ID; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); DATE/TIME; EXP; Experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Identification; Kaneohe_Bay_OA; Laboratory experiment; Larvae; Mortality/Survival; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Pocillopora damicornis; Polyp number; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Registration number of species; Reproduction; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Settlement; Single species; Species; Survival; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Time in days; Time point, descriptive; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 81213 data points

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Seawater carbonate chemistry and the net photosynthesis， gross photosynthesis and respiration in Pocillopora acuta (2023)

Mason, Robert A B ; Wall, Christopher B ; Cunning, Ross ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

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Publication Date: 2024-03-15

Description: The absorbtion of human-emitted CO2 by the oceans (elevated PCO2) is projected to alter the physiological performance of coral reef organisms by perturbing seawater chemistry (i.e. ocean acidification). Simultaneously, greenhouse gas emissions are driving ocean warming and changes in irradiance (through turbidity and cloud cover), which have the potential to influence the effects of ocean acidification on coral reefs. Here, we explored whether physiological impacts of elevated PCO2 on a coral–algal symbiosis (Pocillopora acuta–Symbiodiniaceae) are mediated by light and/or temperature levels. In a 39 day experiment, elevated PCO2 (962 versus 431 µatm PCO2) had an interactive effect with midday light availability (400 versus 800 µmol photons m−2 s−1) and temperature (25 versus 29°C) on areal gross and net photosynthesis, for which a decline at 29°C was ameliorated under simultaneous high-PCO2 and high-light conditions. Light-enhanced dark respiration increased under elevated PCO2 and/or elevated temperature. Symbiont to host cell ratio and chlorophyll a per symbiont increased at elevated temperature, whilst symbiont areal density decreased. The ability of moderately strong light in the presence of elevated PCO2 to alleviate the temperature-induced decrease in photosynthesis suggests that higher substrate availability facilitates a greater ability for photochemical quenching, partially offsetting the impacts of high temperature on the photosynthetic apparatus. Future environmental changes that result in moderate increases in light levels could therefore assist the P. acuta holobiont to cope with the 'one–two punch' of rising temperatures in the presence of an acidifying ocean.

Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Cell density; Chlorophyll a; Chlorophyll a per cell; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Colony number/ID; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Coral; Date; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gross photosynthesis rate, oxygen; Identification; Laboratory experiment; Light; Net photosynthesis rate, oxygen; North Pacific; Number of cells; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Order; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Pocillopora acuta; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Respiration; Respiration rate, oxygen; Salinity; Single species; Species, unique identification; Species, unique identification (Semantic URI); Species, unique identification (URI); Surface area; Temperature; Temperature, water; Treatment; Tropical; Type of study; Volume

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 5701 data points

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The Marine Microbial Eukaryote Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP): Illuminating the Functional Diversity of Eukaryotic Life in the Oceans through Transcriptome Sequencing (2014)

Keeling, Patrick J. ; Burki, Fabien ; Wilcox, Heather M. ; [et al.]

PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

In: EPIC3PLoS Biology, PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 12(6), pp. e1001889, ISSN: 1544-9173

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Publication Date: 2014-07-01

Description: Current sampling of genomic sequence data from eukaryotes is relatively poor, biased, and inadequate to address important questions about their biology, evolution, and ecology; this Community Page describes a resource of 700 transcriptomes from marine microbial eukaryotes to help understand their role in the world's oceans.

Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Type: Article , isiRev

Format: application/pdf

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Simulating social-ecological systems : the Island Digital Ecosystem Avatars (IDEA) consortium (2016)

Davies, Neil ; Field, Dawn ; Gavaghan, David ; [et al.]

BioMed Central

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Publication Date: 2022-05-26

Description: © The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in GigaScience 5 (2016): 14, doi:10.1186/s13742-016-0118-5.

Description: Systems biology promises to revolutionize medicine, yet human wellbeing is also inherently linked to healthy societies and environments (sustainability). The IDEA Consortium is a systems ecology open science initiative to conduct the basic scientific research needed to build use-oriented simulations (avatars) of entire social-ecological systems. Islands are the most scientifically tractable places for these studies and we begin with one of the best known: Moorea, French Polynesia. The Moorea IDEA will be a sustainability simulator modeling links and feedbacks between climate, environment, biodiversity, and human activities across a coupled marine–terrestrial landscape. As a model system, the resulting knowledge and tools will improve our ability to predict human and natural change on Moorea and elsewhere at scales relevant to management/conservation actions.

Description: Work was supported in part by: the Institute of Theoretical Physics and the Pauli Center at ETH Zurich; the US National Science Foundation (NSF Moorea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research Site, OCE-1236905; Socio-Ecosystem Dynamics of Natural-Human Networks on Model Islands, CNH-1313830; Coastal SEES: Adaptive Capacity, Resilience, and Coral Reef State Shifts in Social-ecological Systems, OCE-1325652, OCE-1325554); the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Berkeley Initiative in Global Change Biology; Genomic Standards Consortium); Courtney Ross and the Ross Institute; UC Berkeley Vice Chancellor for Research; CRIOBE; and the France Berkeley Fund (FBF 2014-0015).

Keywords: Computational ecology ; Biodiversity ; Genomics ; Biocode ; Earth observations ; Social-ecological system ; Ecosystem dynamics ; Climate change scenarios ; Predictive modeling

Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

Type: Article

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The Marine Microbial Eukaryote Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP) : illuminating the functional diversity of eukaryotic life in the oceans through transcriptome sequencing (2014)

Keeling, Patrick J. ; Burki, Fabien ; Wilcox, Heather M. ; [et al.]

Public Library of Science

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Publication Date: 2022-05-26

Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS Biology 12 (2014): e1001889, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001889.

Description: Microbial ecology is plagued by problems of an abstract nature. Cell sizes are so small and population sizes so large that both are virtually incomprehensible. Niches are so far from our everyday experience as to make their very definition elusive. Organisms that may be abundant and critical to our survival are little understood, seldom described and/or cultured, and sometimes yet to be even seen. One way to confront these problems is to use data of an even more abstract nature: molecular sequence data. Massive environmental nucleic acid sequencing, such as metagenomics or metatranscriptomics, promises functional analysis of microbial communities as a whole, without prior knowledge of which organisms are in the environment or exactly how they are interacting. But sequence-based ecological studies nearly always use a comparative approach, and that requires relevant reference sequences, which are an extremely limited resource when it comes to microbial eukaryotes. In practice, this means sequence databases need to be populated with enormous quantities of data for which we have some certainties about the source. Most important is the taxonomic identity of the organism from which a sequence is derived and as much functional identification of the encoded proteins as possible. In an ideal world, such information would be available as a large set of complete, well-curated, and annotated genomes for all the major organisms from the environment in question. Reality substantially diverges from this ideal, but at least for bacterial molecular ecology, there is a database consisting of thousands of complete genomes from a wide range of taxa, supplemented by a phylogeny-driven approach to diversifying genomics. For eukaryotes, the number of available genomes is far, far fewer, and we have relied much more heavily on random growth of sequence databases, raising the question as to whether this is fit for purpose.

Description: This project was funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF; Grants GBMF2637 and GBMF3111) to the National Center for Genome Resources (NCGR) and the National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota (NCMA).

Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

Type: Article

Format: application/msword

Format: application/pdf

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Building coral reef resilience through assisted evolution (2015)

van Oppen, Madeleine J. H. ; Oliver, James K. ; Putnam, Hollie M. ; [et al.]

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2015; 112(8): 2307-2313. Published 2015 Feb 02. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1422301112.

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Publication Date: 2015-02-02

Description: The genetic enhancement of wild animals and plants for characteristics that benefit human populations has been practiced for thousands of years, resulting in impressive improvements in commercially valuable species. Despite these benefits, genetic manipulations are rarely considered for noncommercial purposes, such as conservation and restoration initiatives. Over the last century, humans have driven global climate change through industrialization and the release of increasing amounts of CO2, resulting in shifts in ocean temperature, ocean chemistry, and sea level, as well as increasing frequency of storms, all of which can profoundly impact marine ecosystems. Coral reefs are highly diverse ecosystems that have suffered massive declines in health and abundance as a result of these and other direct anthropogenic disturbances. There is great concern that the high rates, magnitudes, and complexity of environmental change are overwhelming the intrinsic capacity of corals to adapt and survive. Although it is important to address the root causes of changing climate, it is also prudent to explore the potential to augment the capacity of reef organisms to tolerate stress and to facilitate recovery after disturbances. Here, we review the risks and benefits of the improvement of natural and commercial stocks in noncoral reef systems and advocate a series of experiments to determine the feasibility of developing coral stocks with enhanced stress tolerance through the acceleration of naturally occurring processes, an approach known as (human)-assisted evolution, while at the same time initiating a public dialogue on the risks and benefits of this approach.

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General