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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoionization thresholds of rare gas clusters (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 7972-7977 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoionization efficiency curves of rare gas clusters generated by supersonic expansion of pure argon, krypton, and xenon gas have been measured as a function of photon energy using light from the Berlin Electron Synchrotron Facility (BESSY). Assuming that the relative shapes of the efficiency curves are independent of cluster size, ionization potentials for each cluster can be extracted from the data by using the known absolute ionization thresholds of the dimer or trimer ions. The data agree with the model that ionic clusters are composed of an ionic substructure surrounded by shells of atoms. In particular, it has been confirmed that Ar+3 is the central substructure in Ar+n for n〈15±1. In addition we have estimated the ratio of the covalent binding energy to the charge-induced dipole binding energy for the ions. The larger dipole-induced binding energy in the case of xenon may explain the differences between the mass spectra of Xe and Ar clusters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.457215
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic shells or molecular orbitals: Photoelectron spectra of Ag−n clusters (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 6406-6422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoelectron spectra of Ag−n clusters with n=1–21 recorded at different photon energies (hν=4.025, 4.66, 5.0, and 6.424 eV) are presented. Various features in the spectra of Ag−2–Ag−9 can be assigned to electronic transitions predicted from quantum chemical ab initio calculations. While this comparison with the quantum chemical calculations yields a detailed and quantitative understanding of the electronic structure of each individual cluster, a discussion in terms of the shell model is able to explain trends and dominant patterns in the entire series of spectra up to Ag−21. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.469356
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of photoelectron spectroscopy and two-photon ionization spectroscopy: Excited states of Au2, Au3, and Au4 (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 100 (1994), S. 7093-7100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoelectron spectra of Au−n with n=2–4 are reported. Due to the relatively high photon energy used in our experiment (hν=6.424 eV) and the energy resolution of about 50 meV, various transitions into excited states of the neutral clusters are resolved. It is demonstrated that photoelectron spectra can serve as a map of the electronic states of a cluster, while the high resolution of the resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) method gains information about the symmetry of the states. The comparison with similar data of Ag−n clusters indicates the influence of relativistic effects and the large spin–orbit splitting for Au.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.467267
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of the 3p and 4p valence band of small aluminum and gallium clusters (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 100 (1994), S. 995-1010 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoelectron spectra of Al−n and Ga−n clusters in the size range n=1–15 are presented. Using 5.0 and 3.68 eV UV light (KrF excimer and nitrogen laser, respectively), electrons from molecular orbitals corresponding to the 3p and 4p orbitals of the atoms are detached. The spectra reveal a rich fine structure not observed in earlier experiments. The data are compared with the results of quantum chemical calculations. A change in the pattern of the spectra near n=6 can be interpreted as a transition from planar to compact 3D structures. The spectrum of Al−13 agrees with the icosahedral structure predicted for this particle. The data do not agree with jellium model predictions. Differences between Al and Ga data can be correlated with the larger binding energy of the Ga 4s band.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.466582
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rings and chains in sulfur cluster anions S− to S9−: Theory (simulated annealing) and experiment (photoelectron detachment) (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 5917-5936 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Density functional calculations with simulated annealing have been performed for singly charged anions of sulfur clusters with up to nine atoms. The calculations predict the existence of two classes of structure: open (chain-like) and closed (ring-like), for which the vertical detachment energies (VDE) and the adiabatic electron affinities for transitions to states of the neutral clusters show pronounced differences. These calculations are complemented by photoelectron detachment measurements on sulfur cluster ions with up to 11 atoms using a pulsed arc cluster ion source (PACIS). The measurements provide unambiguous evidence for the existence of two types of isomers in both S6− and S7−. Although ring structures are generally energetically more stable than chain structures, the environment used to generate the larger clusters (n(approximately-greater-than)7) favors the formation of the latter. The measured VDE and vibration frequencies agree well with the calculated values. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.469326
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and spectroscopy of phosphorus cluster anions: Theory (simulated annealing) and experiment (photoelectron detachment) (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 9549-9562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoelectron detachment measurements have been performed on singly charged phosphorus cluster anions with up to nine atoms, generated by a pulsed arc cluster ion source (PACIS). Transitions between the anion ground states and states of the neutral clusters are observed for all clusters, and vibrational fine structure in both dimer and trimer. A comparison with the results of density functional calculations with simulated annealing—an extension to negative ions of earlier work on neutral and positively charged clusters—provides a consistent overall picture for all cluster sizes and the first experimental structural information on several. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.469969
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoelectron spectra of Nbn− clusters: Correlation between electronic structure and hydrogen chemisorption (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 2275-2278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoelectron spectra of mass-separated Nbn− clusters reveal an even/odd alternation for n=6–17, indicating a closed electronic shell of the neutral even-numbered clusters. The HOMO–LUMO gap of Nb8, Nb10, and Nb16 is found to be larger than that of the other even-numbered clusters, which correlates with the low H2 reactivities of these species. The spectrum of Nb15− is different from all other clusters in this size range, which might be an indication for a geometric bcc shell closing. The influence of the electronic structure of the clusters on the reactivity is discussed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.476853
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoelectron spectroscopy of Cu−n clusters: Comparison with jellium model predictions (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 6308-6312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present a comparison of the electronic level structure of Cu−n clusters with the jellium model using photoelectron spectroscopy of metal cluster anions. The spectra are recorded at an energy resolution of 30 meV using photon energies of up to 6.4 eV. We obtain a well resolved picture of the electronic structure of the 4s derived electronic states in the energy region between the localized 3d derived states and the highest occupied molecular orbital. The observed features can be assigned to the 1s, 1p, and 1d shells predicted by the jellium model if ellipsoidal distortions and effects like shake-up processes, multiplet splittings and the s–d hybridization are taken into consideration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.465868
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New experimental setup for photoelectron spectroscopy on cluster anions (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 5661-5666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe a new experimental setup for photoelectron spectroscopy on mass selected clusters. The recently developed pulsed arc cluster ion source (PACIS) for metal and semiconductor clusters is used as an anion source. The design of the PACIS is optimized for maximum intensity of cluster ion production and a minimum internal temperature of the particles. A simple modification allows vaporization of liquid and low melting point metals. The produced anions are mass selected via an inline time-of-flight setup with the option of using a reflectron for increased mass resolution. Photoelectron spectra of the mass selected cluster anions are collected in a "magnetic bottle'' type electron spectrometer. First results on copper clusters are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143397
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrational spectroscopy of clusters using a "magnetic bottle'' electron spectrometer (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 3838-3843 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design of a high resolution "magnetic-bottle''-type time-of-flight electron spectrometer suitable for the study of mass-separated metal and semiconductor cluster anions is described. A high collection efficiency is achieved by using magnetic fields to guide the photoelectrons, so that vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra can be recorded at a low laser pulse energy (〈10 μJ focused to 1 mm2) avoiding multiphoton processes. Spectra of clusters with a very low relative abundance, for example the products of chemical reactions involving clusters, can be recorded and an energy resolution of 6 meV (48 cm−1) achieved. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145446
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