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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Definition and measurement of the shear-lag parameter, β, as an index of the stress transfer efficiency in polymer composites (1998)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental Determination of Stress Concentrations in Composite Laminates and their Effects on Damage Evolution (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Applied mechanics and materials Vol. 5-6 (Oct. 2006), p. 383-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-7482
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Composite laminates are used for the construction of a wide range of products; from civilinfrastructure to aeronautical or space structures. Since all these structures cannot be built at once,but they are composed by several structural elements connected in various patterns, the problem ofstress concentrations strikes importantly. Additionally, the structures are often designed in a “failsafe” manner, which bespeaks the damage tolerance of the material. This means that the structuralelement and the structure are called to operate in the presence of various forms of damage. Damagelocations within a structural element or a structure cause stress rising. In the present paperexperimental investigation of the stress concentration arising in composite laminates, (a) around acircular notch and (b) due to damage onset and growth during their lifetime, is presented. Theexperimental results are compared to analytical model predictions
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/39/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMM.5-6.383.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain dependence of the Raman frequencies for different types of carbon fibres (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 6 (1987), S. 1212-1214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01729187
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain dependences of the first- and second-order Raman spectra of carbon fibres (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1988), S. 545-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01730722
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress induced twinning of polydiacetylene single crystal fibres in composites (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 3440-3444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Scanning electron microscopy has been used to show that twins induced by compression of DCHD-polydiacetylene fibres occur on a single crystallographic plane. Other twinning modes appear to be prohibited by the nature of the sidegroup packing. Under the optical microscope identical twinning patterns have been observed on fibres in composite specimens where matrix shrinkage had been induced by post-curing the epoxy at 100°C. Resonance Raman spectroscopy has been used to monitor the strain in a single fibre embedded in an epoxy matrix which was subjected to uniaxial compressive stress. The initiation of twinning was found to occur when the axial strain in the fibre was approximately 0.2%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02402985
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress induced twinning of polydiacetylene single crystal fibres in composites (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 3440-3444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Scanning electron microscopy has been used to show that twins induced by compression of DCHD-polydiacetylene fibres occur on a single crystallographic plane. Other twinning modes appear to be prohibited by the nature of the sidegroup packing. Under the optical microscope identical twinning patterns have been observed on fibres in composite specimens where matrix shrinkage had been induced by post-curing the epoxy at 100°C. Resonance Raman spectroscopy has been used to monitor the strain in a single fibre embedded in an epoxy matrix which was subjected to uniaxial compressive stress. The initiation of twinning was found to occur when the axial strain in the fibre was approximately 0.2%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553783
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A resonance Raman spectroscopic study of the strength of the bonding between an epoxy resin and a polydiacetylene fibre (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 2 (1983), S. 263-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00723251
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the failure of unidirectional carbon-epoxy composites Part I:The effect of fibre sizing upon filament fracture and damage evolution (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 5311-5325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract It has been demonstrated that – in certain cases – the sizing of carbon fibres can have a dramatic effect upon the mode of failure of unidirectional fibre-reinforced composites. The sizing appears to reduce the strength of composite tows by confining the failure process to a very small area that exhibits high stress concentration. In this paper, the effect of fibre sizing upon the two-dimensional fibre break density and break cluster populations is investigated as a function of applied strain prior to composite failure. It is shown that the size of the damage sites, their spatial distribution in the composite and the alignment between the individual breaks in the cluster are affected by the interface properties. Fractographic analysis has shown that groups of adjacent fibre fractures of greater than three were observed for the sized composite tows, whereas for the unsized samples a higher proportion of single and double breaks were seen to exist at a particular stress level. As a result, the overall filament damage was seen to be more widespread in the case of the unsized composite tows. Two possible mechanisms of fracture nucleation based on changes in fibre break density and in cluster populations are proposed: (a) failure due to growth of a critical cluster of fibre fractures and/or (b) linking up of several smaller cluster to form a critical cluster.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004433930232
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of PAN-based carbon fibres with laser Raman spectroscopy (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 31 (1996), S. 851-860 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) has been employed to characterize the structure and morphology of a series of carbon fibres, to assess the combined effects of ultimate firing temperature (UFT) and pre-graphitization drawing during manufacture and, finally, to investigate the influence of oxidative treatment upon the integrity of the fibre surface. Ten types of PAN-based carbon fibres of varying modulus, diameter and manufacturing method, were examined. All their spectral features were recorded and analysed in terms of position, bandwidth and band intensity. Low-modulus fibres, produced at low graphitization temperatures, exhibit weak and broad Raman bands in the 1200–1700 cm−1 frequency region. With the increase of the firing temperature, the spectral features sharpen and new lines appear at higher frequencies. The observed changes in the Raman spectra are discussed in detail and related to alterations in the conditions of manufacture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352882
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compressional behaviour of carbon fibres (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 25 (1990), S. 5081-5090 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The axial compressive strain to failure of various types of PAN-based carbon fibres was measured by applying small and defined compressive loads to single filaments which have been bonded to a rectangular polymer cantilever beam and parallel to its long edge. By monitoring the Raman frequencies along the fibre with the 2 μm laser probe of a Raman microscope, the critical compressive strain required for first fibre failure could be assessed and the residual load that each type of fibre supported after first failure, could be measured. Estimates of the compressive moduli for all fibres could, also, be obtained by considering the dependence of the Raman frequency upon compressive strain in the elastic region. The critical compressive strain to failure was found to decrease with fibre modulus and its value was, approximately, equal to 50% of the tensile fracture strain. However, for some low-modulus fibres the compressive strain to failure was found to approach the tensile fracture strain. The initial compressive moduli of high-modulus fibres were estimated to decrease up to a maximum of 10% with respect to their tensile moduli, whereas more significant reductions were found in the case of intermediate and low-modulus fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00580133
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