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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An unusual low-current receptor-circuit in the trap setae of the prey-capture apparatus ofLoricera pilicornis (Carabidae, Coleoptera) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 165 (1989), S. 779-787 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antennal trap setae ofLoricera pilicornis (Carabidae) with one mechanoreceptive neuron and 2 or 3 neurons of so far unknown function were characterized electrophysiologically. The setal shaft is conductive, but ‘screens’ the epithelial cells against electrolytes (5 mM KCl, 200 mM CaCl2). Transepithelial resistances in the setae ranged from 180 to 490 MΩ (25° C) and 320 to 830 MΩ (12° C). Mechanical stimuli reduce the transepithelial voltage by maximally −13 mV (receptor potential), corresponding to (calculated) receptor currents below 30 pA. Spikes superimposed on receptor potentials can be 20 mV p/p and cause transient transeptithelial current changes that exceed the receptor current. Clamp currents greater than 110 pA inward (12° C) across the epithelium elicit positive spikes at frequencies that are essentially independent of current intensity. Outward clamp currents above 25 pA elicit negative spikes of current-dependent frequency with one to three positive smaller pulses superimposed on them. This indicates the coexistance of apical and basal spike generator sites in the sensillar neurons. We conclude: in the cell with the tubular body, mechanical stimuli elicit a receptor current and apical spikes. These spikes can render the receptor lymph cavity sufficiently negative to trigger synchronized apical spikes in the other neurons, too. The apical spikes trigger the less synchronized basal spikes in the individual neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00610876
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the electrical responses of antennal thermo- and hygroreceptors of Antheraea (Saturniidae, Lepidoptera) to thermal, mechanical, and electrical stimuli (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 167 (1990), S. 391-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Insect ; Thermoreception ; Transduction ; Receptor circuit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antennal styloconic thermo-hygro sensilla of Antheraea were studied with DC-coupled transepithelial recordings. — The transepithelial voltage changed by about 2 mV · °C−1. The spike frequency of the cold cell reached 300 Hz at the onset of negative temperature steps, but only 30 Hz at static temperatures (as with metal electrodes). The cold cell spikes showed a brief afterhyperpolarization that increased with temperature. The spikes of the cold- and warm-stimulated cells facilitated each other at low temperature. Mechanical stimuli (push against the sensillum, hydrostatic pressure of 〈 ± 50 kPa, ultrasonic vibrations ≈ 120 kHz) modified the responses of the cold- and the warm-stimulated cells. Latency of cold cell responses to ultrasonic stimulation was occasionally less than 3 ms. — The impulse frequencies of the warm and the cold cells depend on the temperature and the magnitude of temperature change. When the firing rate is high enough by either or both of these parameters, it can be forced still higher by application of clamp current (outside positive). The higher the firing rate prior to clamping, the greater the effect of the current. — By analogy with sensilla for other modalities, this relationship between frequency and clamp current strongly suggests that stimulus-dependent changes in the conductance of dendritic membranes control the excitation of the warm and cold cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192574
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Computer-Controlled Video System for Real-Time Recording of Insect Flight in Three Dimensions (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 13 (2000), S. 881-900 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: three-dimensional ; flight track recording ; orientation ; pheromones ; plant volatiles ; image analysis ; real time ; Lobesia botrana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A computer-controlled video system for real-time recording of insect flight in three dimensions is described. The flight paths of moths were recorded in a flight tunnel using two CCD cameras placed adjacent to each other at angles of 45 and 135° to the flight tunnel axis and separated by a distance of 120 cm. They were connected to two 28-level gray-scale frame grabbers via two external synchronizers. The two-dimensional coordinates of the flying insect were obtained from the two cameras at 40-ms intervals and transferred to host computer for processing and monitor for real-time display. Due to speed limitation in the image acquisition hardware, construction of the three-dimensional file was carried off-line. The flying insect was rendered as a dark spot in a bright background using a homogeneous light source. As the insect enters into the field of view of the two cameras, the light distribution changes, and the frame grabber detects only those variation in the light distribution which results from a flying insect. The target insect can be as small as 3 pixels and can be tracked in a stereoscopic field of view 60 cm long and 50 cm high. A method was developed that allowed for scalar scoring of various pheromone sources to assess their attractiveness using vector flight parameters. This method was applied successfully for optimization of pheromone blend of the grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007866602219
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Pheromone Blend for Grapevine Moth, Lobesia botrana by Using Flight Track Recording (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 389-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Lobesia botrana ; grapevine moth ; wind tunnel ; behavior ; flight track recording ; (E)-7,(Z)-9-dodecadienyl acetate ; (E)-7,(Z)-9-dodecadien-1-ol ; (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate ; (E)-9-docecenyl acetate ; 11-dodecenyl acetate ; pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The behavioral responses of Lobesia botrana males to calling females, pheromone gland extracts, and synthetic sex pheromones were recorded in a wind tunnel. Gland extracts and synthetic pheromones were released from a pheromone evaporator. The numbers of males reaching the source and their flight tracks in response to calling females and pheromone gland extracts were compared to those of synthetic blends. Upwind flights to natural sex pheromone were straighter and faster than to a three-component blend of (E)-7,(Z)-9-dodecadienyl acetate (E7,Z9–12:Ac), (E)-7,(Z)-9-dodecadien-1-ol (E7,Z9–12:OH), and (Z)-9-docecenyl acetate (Z9–12:Ac) (100:20:5). The optimum ratio of E7,Z9–12:OH and Z9–12:Ac to E7,Z9–12:Ac was found to be 5% and 1%, respectively. An additional seven compounds identified in the sex pheromone gland were investigated for their biological activity. Two unsaturated acetates, i.e., (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate (E9–12:Ac) and Δ11-dodecenyl acetate (Δ11–12:Ac), increased the number of males reaching the source as well as straightness, linear velocity, and decreased the track angle of upwind flight. Optimum response was obtained by releasing 10 pg/min E7,Z9–12:Ac in a mixture with 0.5 pg/min E7,Z9–12:OH, 0.1 pg/min Z9–12:Ac, 0.1 pg/min E9– 12:Ac and 1 pg/min Δ11-12–Ac. The saturated acetates previously identified in the female glands were biologically inactive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020811200054
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