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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural evidence for the biflagellate origin of the uniflagellate fungal zoospore (1968)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 62 (1968), S. 237-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The morphological similarities between the kinetosome and the second centriole of the zoospores of Phlyctochytrium kniepii and P. punctatum (Chytridiomycetes) suggest that the second centriole in the chytrid zoospore is a vestigial flagellum base. It is suggested that the term vestigial kinetosome may also be used when referring to the structure which is presently termed the second centriole of the chytrid zoospore. Morphological similarities between the chytrid zoospores of P. kniepii and P. punctatum and the zoospores of Rhizidiomyces apophysatus (Hyphochytridiomycetes) are noted. The possible biflagellate origin of fungi with uniflagellate zoospores is discussed. The third fiber (C fiber) of the kinetosome triplet is shown to form as an outgrowth of the B fiber of the kinetosome doublet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413894
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leucine-lysine synchronization of Allomyces germlings (1971)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 78 (1971), S. 76-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The leucine-lysine synchronization technique of Dill and Fuller (1970) has been further refined and used to study various biosynthetic events of pre-mitotic germlings of Allomyces neo-moniliformis (the time of DNA replication, RNA synthesis, and protein synthesis), and various morphogenetic changes (germling development, nuclear cap breakdown, and the first mitotic nuclear division). The degree of synchrony induced in a population of germlings appears to be determined by the time when the zoospores are induced to encyst and germinate rather than by the duration of the swimming period of the zoospore. DNA replication, nuclear cap breakdown, early protein synthesis, and morphogenetic development appear to occur prior to messenger RNA synthesis in developing thalli and thus would be under the control of pre-existing messenger RNA. The degree of synchrony of particular morphogenetic or biosynthetic developmental changes induced in a population of A. neo-moniliformis germlings must be determined for each aspect of development which is to be studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409090
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of the water expulsion vacoule ofPhytophthora palmivora (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 149 (1989), S. 47-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Phytophthora palmivora ; Water expulsion vacuole ; Coated vesicles ; Freeze substitution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The water expulsion vacuole ofPhytophthora palmivora was studied with the light microscope after the motility of the spores had been slowed by using a low Ca2 + medium. For transmission electron microscopy, the zoospores were prepared using freeze substitution. The water expulsion vacuole consisted of a central vacuole that collapsed and emptied its contents to the external medium. The central vacuole was surrounded by a series of interconnected vacuoles that are called the surrounding vacuole. The surrounding vacuole and the central vacuole were always associated with coated pits. The vesicles found in the region between the central and surrounding vacuole were exclusively coated vesicles. Consistent changes in the organization of the water expulsion vacuole led us to conclude that, as the central vacuole collapses, the surrounding vacuole is transformed and becomes the new central vacuole. No evidence was obtained for contraction of the central vacuole. The processes involved in membrane recycling during the functioning of the water expulsion vacuole are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623982
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction and formation ofCochliobolus sativus appressoria (1994)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 178 (1994), S. 34-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Appressorium ; Cochliobolus sativus ; Electron microscopy ; Thigmotropism ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary GerminatingCochliobolus sativus spores were induced to form appressoria on a variety of artificial surfaces, including replicas of the barley leaf surface. Evidence was obtained for the involvement of chemical and topographic signals during induction of appressorium formation inC. sativus. Germ tube thigmotropism was also observed in vitro. Ultrastructure relevant to appressorium formation was observed, including the germ tube apex, apical swelling of the germ tube apex prior to appressorium formation, the appressorium with associated septation and the penetration peg. Cytochemical probes applied to germlings at the electron microscope level failed to detect α-D-mannan, α-D-glucan, β-D-galactan, D-glcNAc or D-galNAc polymers in the extracellular mucilage associated with the fungal germlings. The ultrastructure of hyphal apices from germlings grown under different nutritional conditions differed with respect to Spitzenkörper morphology, apex shape and in the quantity of associated extracellular mucilage. Experimental findings are discussed relative to current understanding of appressorium induction in more extensively studied systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01404119
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural aspects of the hyphal tip ofSclerotium rolfsii preserved by freeze substitution (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 146 (1988), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Hyphal tip ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze substitution ; Sclerotium rolfsii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The hyphal tip ofSclerotium rolfsii was examined after fixation by freeze substitution. The Spitzenkörper consisted of a dense mass of apical vesicles and microvesicles surrounding a vesicle-free zone. Linear arrangements of microvesicles were occasionally observed within the Spitzenkörper. Abundant microfilaments were seen within the Spitzenkörper region, often in close association with apical vesicles and microvesicles. Microtubules passed through the Spitzenkörper and terminated at the plasmalemma at the extreme hyphal apex. Filasomes were mostly observed within the apical region and were in close proximity to the plasmalemma. Rough ER, mitochondria, microtubules, and vacuoles were abundant in the subapical region and were usually oriented parallel to the long axis of the hypha. Ribosomes were aligned on the outer surfaces of mitochondria. Golgi body equivalents were observed throughout the subapical region and appeared as inflated cisternae of varying shapes and electron opacities. Relationships to other basidiomycetous hyphal tip cells are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01405923
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microtubules, organelle movement, and cross-wall formation at the sporangial-rhizoidal interface in the fungus,Chytridium confervae (1980)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 104 (1980), S. 201-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cell wall ; Chytridiomycetes ; Chytridium confervae ; Cross-wall ; Microtubules ; Ribosomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chytridium confervae is a eucarpic, monocentric chytrid. We have used light and electron microscopy to study the relationship between the nutrient absorbing rhizoids and the asexually reproductive sporangium during growth. We have also examined the induction of zoosporogenesis by starvation, and subsequent differentiation until zoospore release. During growth the cytoplasm of the rhizoids and the developing sporangium was continuous and similar. At the start of starvation a bundle of fibers that were visible with light microscopy appeared at the junction between the rhizoids and the sporangium. Two hours after initiation of starvation a wall, that was also visible with light microscopy, formed to separate the rhizoids from the sporangium. Electron microscopy revealed a large, ordered array of microtubules in the thallus at the same time that the fibers appeared, and a sharp difference in the density of ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the sporangium and that of the rhizoids that was apparent immediately after starvation. This cytoplasmic difference was preserved by the formation of a cross-wall that was penetrated by plasmodesmata. After the wall was formed the cytoplasm of the rhizoids senesced. Comparison ofC. confervae with other organisms that use arrays of microtubules to move organelles is made and speculation on the role of the microtubules in organelle movement and wall formation inC. confervae is offered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279768
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  • 7
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    TIM-family proteins inhibit HIV-1 release (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-18
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Role of TIMs in HIV-1 release [Microbiology] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-03
    Description: Accumulating evidence indicates that T-cell immunoglobulin (Ig) and mucin domain (TIM) proteins play critical roles in viral infections. Herein, we report that the TIM-family proteins strongly inhibit HIV-1 release, resulting in diminished viral production and replication. Expression of TIM-1 causes HIV-1 Gag and mature viral particles to accumulate on the...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    Leucine-lysine synchronization of Allomyces germlings (1971)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1971-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-9276
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Ultrastructural evidence for the biflagellate origin of the uniflagellate fungal zoospore (1968)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1968-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-9276
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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