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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polysaccharide-Modifying Enzymes in the Plant Cell Wall (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 46 (1995), S. 497-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.46.060195.002433
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross-Linking of Matrix Polymers in the Growing Cell Walls of Angiosperms (1986)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology 37 (1986), S. 165-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4294
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.37.060186.001121
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and Function of the Primary Cell Walls of Plants (1984)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biochemistry 53 (1984), S. 625-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4154
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.53.070184.003205
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-activity relationships of biologically active oligosaccharides (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Oligosaccharides that exert biological effects on higher plants (other than as carbon or energy sources) have been termed‘oligosaccharins'. A limited number of specific oligo-β-glucans derived from fungal cell walls exhibit oligosaccharin activity, at very low doses, switching on the synthesis of phytoalexins. The structural requirements for this biological activity are stringent, and there is strong evidence that the oligosaccharins of fungal origin act through a receptor in the plant cell membrane. Chemically unrelated oligosaccharins can also be produced by partial digestion of pectins and xyloglucans from higher plant cell walls. In some cases, for example, the α-l-fucosylated oligoxyloglucans that antagonise the growth-promoting effect of auxin, these plant-derived oligosaccharins have relatively strict structural requirements for activity and act at ∼10−6 mol m−3; these may act via specific receptors. In other cases, for example, the growth-promoting action of other oligoxyloglucans, the stringency is somewhat lower and the activity is only seen at ∼10−3 mol m−3, and these oligosaccharins are proposed to influence growth through their ability to modulate the activity of an enzyme, cellulase. A third class of plant-derived oligosaccharins, the oligo-α-galacturonides, appear to have much less stringent structural requirements; a number of unrelated physiological responses are evoked by the same range of oligo-α-galacturonides at ∼10−3 to 1 mol m−3. We suggest that these oligosaccharins may act via a mechanism not involving a specific receptor, perhaps by interacting with the plasma membrane to bring about a change in its physical properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1991.tb01535.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The immobility of pectic substances in injured tomato leaves and its bearing on the identity of the wound hormone (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 165 (1985), S. 269-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Pectic oligosaccharide ; Wound hormone ; Lycopersicon (wound hormone) ; Proteinase inhibitor inducing factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It has been suggested that pectic polysaccharides (or oligosaccharides cleaved from them) are liberated from the cell wall upon wounding of leaf tissue, and that they act as long-distance hormones evoking a defence response in neighbouring uninjured leaves (P.D. bishop et al. 1981, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 3536–3540, and cited literature). We have tested this hypothesis by infiltration of radioactive pectic fragments (rhamnogalacturonans and homogalacturonans of degrec of polymerisation down to 6) into wounds on tomato leaves. No radioactivity was exported from the treated leaf. [14C]Sucrose, applied in the same way, was effectively translocated, probably via the phloem. We suggest that pectic substances are not themselves long-distance wound hormones. The possibility remains that pectic substances, solubilised on wounding, act in the immediate vicinity of the wound to stimulate the dispatch of a second messenger, which would be the long-distance wound hormone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395050
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-vivo formation of xyloglucan nonasaccharide: A possible biologically active cell-wall fragment (1986)
    Springer
    Planta 169 (1986), S. 443-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Anti-auxin ; Cell wall (active fragment) ; Nonasaccharide ; “Oligosaccharin” ; Spinacia (xyloglucan) ; Xyloglucan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The in-vivo formation of a specific nonasaccharide of xyloglucan was investigated. This nonasaccharide has been reported to have biological activity, inhibiting auxin-induced growth in pea stem segments. Cell-suspension cultures of spinach were grown in the presence of [3H]arabinose and [3H]fucose, and the culture-filtrates were examined for oligosaccharides by gelpermeation chromatography and by paper chromatography. Sixteen [3H]pentose-containing oligosaccharides were found, including twelve that contained the sequence [3H]xylosyl-α(1→6)-glucose, which is diagnostic of xyloglucan. In addition, [3H]fucose-containing oligosaccharides of at least three sizes were found. Radiochemical evidence is presented that one of these oligosaccharides was labelled with both [3H]fucose and with [3H]pentose, and was identical with the major xyloglucan-derived nonasaccharide associated with anti-auxin activity. It was largely present in the form of acylated (possibly acetylated) derivatives. It accumulated extracellularly to a steady-state concentration of about 4.3·10-7M. This is the first report of the production of a biologically-active oligosaccharide by living plant cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392143
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phonolic components of the primary cell wall and their possible rôle in the hormonal regulation of growth (1979)
    Springer
    Planta 146 (1979), S. 343-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell growth regulation ; Ferulic acid ; Gibberellin ; Hydrophobicity ; Peroxidase ; Spinacia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The insoluble cell wall polymers of cultured spinach cells contained esterified ferulic acid at 2–5 mg g-1 dry weight. Gibberellic acid (GA3, 10-11–10-6 M) promoted the expansion of these cells and simultaneoulsy suppressed peroxidase secretion, reduced the activity of cellular phenylanine ammonia-lyase and favoured the accumulation of wall-esterified ferulate and of extracellular soluble phenolic aglycones. When growth was prevented with 0·7 M sorbitol, GA3 still evoked the phenolic and peroxidase effects. It is suggested that peroxidase restricts growth by rigidifying the cell wall in two ways: (a) covalently by catalysing the conversion of feruloyl side-chains into diferuloyl cross-links and (b) non-covalently by catalysing the conversion of soluble phenolics into hydrophobic quinones (or polymers). GA3 is hypothesised to prevent this rigidification by inhibiting peroxidase secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387807
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-molecular-weight precursors for defense-related cell wall hydroxycinnamoyl esters in elicited parsley suspension cultures (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 17 (1998), S. 379-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Ascorbate ; Cell wall ; Fungal elicitor ; Hydroxycinnamoyl esters ; p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cell walls from suspension cultures of parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) induced with a fungal elicitor contained hydroxycinnamoyl ester groups presumably not bound to pectic polysaccharides. Extracts from these cells were separated into a range of low-molecular-weight compounds containing esterified ferulic and p-coumaric acid as well as glucose and some arabinose. Similar compounds also accumulated extracellularly in elicited cultures but only in the presence of the peroxidase inhibitor ascorbate, suggesting that they may represent the exported precursors for cell wall hydroxycinnamic acids. From cultures elicited in the presence of ascorbate, alkali released from the cell walls more ferulic, p-coumaric and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, as well as p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin, indicating that the corresponding wall phenolics can all become further cross-linked.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050410
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genesis of intercellular spaces in developing leaves ofPhaseolus vulgaris L. (1986)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 132 (1986), S. 90-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; Intercellular spaces ; Leaves ; Cellulolysis ; Cell wall ; Cryo scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Observations by light, transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy have shown that intercellular spaces (ICS) are formed schizogenously in expanding leaves ofPhaseolus vulgaris. ICS formation occurs in predictable positions at the junctions between three or more cells, and follows three phases of development. The first, initiation, phase occurs soon after cell division, and is marked by the formation of an electron-dense osmiophilic body, probably proteinaceous, at the end of the cell plate/middle lamella of the daughter cell wall and across the adjacent piece of the primary wall of the mother cell. This part of the mother cell wall is digested, involving cellulolysis. The second phase, of cell separation, is marked by the first appearance of the ICS. InPhaseolus primary leaves this phase begins about day 3 after sowing, at which time the leaf area is about 1 cm2. In the final enlargement phase, lysis of cell wall material continues in the region of the middle lamella, and mechanical tensions arising from the rapid expansion of the lamina lead to further separation of the mesophyll cells so that spaces enlarge and merge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01275795
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  • 10
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    In-vivo formation of xyloglucan nonasaccharide: A possible biologically active cell-wall fragment (1986)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-0935
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-2048
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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