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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 106 (1980), S. 409-412 
    ISSN: 0368-1874
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 106 (1980), S. 409-412 
    ISSN: 0022-0728
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 303 (1980), S. 279-288 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Polysacchariden, Verdikkungsmitteln, Celluloseethern ; Chromatographie, Gas ; Zeisel-Spaltung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im vorliegenden zweiten Teil der dreiteiligen Übersicht zur Analytik der Polysaccharide wird am Beispiel einer Methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC) die Erfassung der Celluloseether und -mischether mittels der Gas-Chromatographie vorgestellt. Dabei handelt es sich um die Beschreibung einer quantitativen Methode hoher Empfindlichkeit, die erforderlich ist, um Cellulosederivate mit geringer Mischsubstitution zu identifizieren und zu unterscheiden. Dazu werden die Celluloseether in einer speziell entwickelten Apparatur mit Iodwasserstoffsäure bei 140°C erhitzt. Von den sich bildenden Spaltprodukten werden die abdestillierten Alkyliodide in gekühltem Hexylbromid aufgefangen, gas-chromatographisch getrennt und identifiziert; gebildete Olefine werden durch Bromaddition erfaßt. Reproduzierbarkeit: ≤3% rel. Erfassungsgrenze: = 0,01% Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC). Die Methode eignet sich auch zur Erfassung von Estern, S-Alkylgruppen, Methylimidverbindungen, Glykolanteilen oder bestimmten Tensiden.
    Notes: Summary In this second part of the three-part review on analysis of polysaccharides the characterization of cellulose ethers and cellulose mixed ethers by means of gaschromatography is described. The identification of the wide varying field of this cellulose ethers is presented using methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC) as an example. To differentiate all cellulose mixed ethers, even those with little substitution of one of the two ether components, the method has to work qualitatively and quantitativly with a high sensitivity. The cellulose ethers are treated with hydriodic acid at 140°C in a special apparatus. The alkyliodides formed are distilled into cooled hexyl bromide. They are separated and identified by gaschromatography. Olefins also formed are determined by addition of bromine. Reproducibility: ≤ 3% rel. Limit of detection: = 0.01 % Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC). This method can also be used for the determination of esters, S-alkyl groups, methylimides, glycols and some detergents.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 305 (1981), S. 337-346 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Polysacchariden, Verdikkungsmitteln ; Spektrometrie, IR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im vorliegenden dritten Teil der dreiteiligen Übersicht zur Analytik der Polysaccharide wird die Charakterisierung der Verdickungsmittel in Fertigprodukten mittels der IR-Spektroskopie beschrieben. Die in den verschiedenen Handelsprodukten enthaltenen Verdickungsmittel werden durch spezielle Aufarbeitungen (Extraktionen und Dialyse) angereichert und nach Gefriertrocknung mittels üblicher IR-Techniken aufgenommen. Anhand der Spektren wird gezeigt, daß viele Verdickungsmittel gut zu identifizieren sind, daß sich manche aber auch nur bedingt zuordnen lassen. Darüber hinaus wird an einigen Beispielen der Einfluß verschiedener Substituenten und unterschiedlich hoher Substitutionsgrade demonstriert. Insgesamt sind von 38 verschiedenen Polysacchariden die Spektren abgebildet.
    Notes: Summary In the present third part of the three-part review on analysis of polysaccharides the characterization of thickeners by infrared spectroscopy is described. Thickeners from commercial products are enriched by special methods (extractions and dialysis); after freeze-drying infrared spectra are recorded by usual techniques. These spectra show the possibility of good identification of many thickeners; it is also shown that some of the thickeners can be determined in special cases only. Moreover, some examples are given to demonstrate the influence of the type and degree of substitution. 38 spectra of different polysaccharides are illustrated.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 301 (1980), S. 389-397 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Polysacchariden, Verdikkungsmitteln ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Kieselgel, Cellulose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur sicheren Identifizierung der Polysaccharide in Handelsprodukten werden die Verdickungsmittel durch drei verschiedene Methoden charakterisiert: 1. dünnschicht-chromatographisch, 2. gaschromatographisch nach Zeisel-Spaltung mit Jodwasserstoffsäure und 3. durch Infrarot-Spektroskopie. Im vorliegenden ersten Teil wird die dünnschicht-chromatographische Auftrennung der zu monomeren Zuckern abgebauten Verdickungsmittel beschrieben. Dazu werden die Verdickungsmittel durch Extraktion angereichert und in einem speziellen Druckrohr 36 h bei 100 bis 110°C mit 0,15 N Schwefelsäure hydrolysiert. Nach Neutralisation, Filtration über Ionenaustauscher und Gefriertrocknung werden die erhaltenen Monomeren mit wenig Wasser aufgenommen. Durch Entwicklung auf zwei verschiedenen Dünnschichtplatten (Kieselgel, Cellulose) mit zwei verschiedenen Laufmitteln (Isopropanol/Pyridin/Essigsäure und Butanol/Aceton/ Wasser) und drei verschiedenen Sprüh-Reagentien (Anisidin/Phthalsäure, Anilin/Diphenylamin/Phosphorsäure und Vanadiumpentoxid/Schwefelsäure) lassen sich die Monomeren nach Farbe und Rf-Wert zuordnen. Die Identifizierung vieler Verdickungsmittel wird so durch Kombination der Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Dünnschicht-Chromatogramme möglich.
    Notes: Summary For the identification of polysaccharides in commercial products the thickeners will be characterizised by three methods: 1. by thin-layer chromatography, 2. by gas-chromatography after Zeisel cleavage with hydriodic acid and 3.by infrared-spectroscopy. This first part describes the hydrolysis of thickeners to monomers and the subsequent characterization by thin-layer chromatography. The thickeners are enriched by extraction and hydrolysed for 36 h at 100 to 110°C by 0.15N sulphuric acid in a special pressure tube. After neutralisation, filtration over ion-exchange resin and freeze-drying, the resulting monomers are dissolved in a small amount of water. By development on two different thin-layer plates (cellulose and silicagel) with two different mobile phases (isopropanol/ pyridine/acetic acid and butanol/acetone/water) and three different spray reagents (anisidine/phthalic acid, aniline/diphenylamme/phosphoric acid and vanadium pentoxide/sulphuric acid) the monomers are characterized according to colour and Rf-value. The identification of many thickeners is possible by combining the results of the various thin-layer chromatograms.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 161 (1994), S. 23-30 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The alpha granules of circulating platelets are dynamic structures that acquire endogenous and exogenous components by synthesis and uptake, respectively. The uptake of exogenous components is a result of either receptor-mediated endocytosis or fluid-phase pinocytosis. Despite many detailed studies on the function and content of α-granules, little is known of the impact of platelet age on these organelles. In this report, we describe the use of platelet biotinylation to identify and isolate aged platelets for the analysis of α-granule contents. When aged platelets were permeabilized and examined by flow cytometry utilizing fluorescently labeled antibodies, two exogenously acquired proteins, fibrinogen and immunoglobulin G, were found to increase significantly with platelet age. The levels of intracellular fibrinogen were found to be elevated relative to control, 114 ± 2% and 119 ± 5% on days 4 and 5 postbiotinylation, respectively; the life span of dog platelets is 6.0 days. Intracellular immunoglobulin G content increased similarly. Levels of two endogenously synthesized proteins, thrombosponding and P-selectin, were not elevated in aged platelets. Confirmation of the flow cytometric data was obtained by isolating aged, biotinylated platelets by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and quantitating the fibrinogen levels with an ELISA assay. For platelets averaging 4.6 days of age, the fibrinogen level was elevated to 128 ± 23% of the level for the entire platelet population. These data demonstrate that age-dependent changes in exogenously acquired α-granule proteins do occur and that the uptake mechanism for these proteins is active through out the platelet life span. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1989-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1980-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-1152
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1980-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-1152
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1981-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-1152
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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