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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of microdisplacements by machine vision photogrammetry (DISMAP) (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 1270-1279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An image processing system is described for use in micromechanics research on materials, such as for determining the displacements and strains surrounding crack tips. This vision system is a machine implementation of the stereoimaging technique that was developed for making submicron measurements of displacements under high resolution conditions. It uses a Cognex 2000 image processing system, cameras to obtain digital images from analog photographs, a graphics display terminal and track ball for operator interaction with the system, and a video display monitor for display of the measured displacements. Displacements are sent directly to an associated VAX that computes strains and permits their graphical display. The system is described in detail and examples of its use in micromechanics research are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142484
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ ellipsometry growth characterization of dual ion beam deposited boron nitride thin films (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 2593-2599 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Pure hexagonal h, as well as mixed-phase cubic/hexagonal c/h boron nitride (BN) thin films were deposited onto [001] silicon substrates using the dual ion beam deposition technique. The BN thin films were grown under UHV conditions at different substrate temperatures and ion beam bombarding parameters. Thin-film growth was monitored using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry at 44 wavelengths between 420 and 761 nm. The in situ ellipsometric Ψ and Δ data were compared with two-layer growth model calculations for the mixed-phase c/h BN, and with one-layer growth model calculations for pure h-BN growth. In situ data provide information on the optical properties of deposited h-BN and c/h-BN material, film thickness, and BN growth rates. A virtual interface approach is employed for the optical properties of the silicon substrate. The growth and nucleation of c-BN observed here confirms the cylindrical thermal spike model. The results for composition and thickness of the BN films were compared to those obtained from ex situ infrared transmission measurements and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy investigations. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372224
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared switching electrochromic devices based on tungsten oxide (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 5777-5784 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Different types of electrochromic devices for thermal emittance modulation were developed in the spectral region from mid- to far-infrared (2–40 μm). In all devices polycrystalline and amorphous tungsten oxide have been used as electrochromic and ion storage layer, respectively. Two types of all-solid-state devices were designed, one with a metal grid for the top and bottom electrode deposited on a highly emissive glass substrate, and another with a top metal grid electrode and a highly reflecting bottom metal electrode layer. Tantalum oxide is used as an ion conductor in both device types. The third device type consists of a polymeric ion conductor. All solid-state constituent layers were grown by either reactive or nonreactive dc or rf magnetron sputtering in a high vacuum environment. Modulation of the emittance is accomplished by reversible insertion of Li ions into polycrystalline WO3 by applying and switching a small voltage across the structure. Spectrally dependent measured reflectance modulation of the device has been used to determine the device emissivity modulation with respect to the blackbody emissivity spectra at 300 K. Best device performance was found in both solid-state devices showing an emissivity modulation of about 20%. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1319325
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    All-solid-state electrochromic reflectance device for emittance modulation in the far-infrared spectral region (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 930-932 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: All-solid-state electrochromic reflectance devices for thermal emittance modulation were designed for operation in the spectral region from mid- to far-infrared wavelengths (2–40 μm). All device constituent layers were grown by magnetron sputtering. The electrochromic (polycrystalline WO3), ion conductor (Ta2O5), and Li+ ion-storage layer (amorphous WO3), optimized for their infrared (IR) optical thicknesses, are sandwiched between a highly IR reflecting Al mirror, and a 90% IR transmissive Al grid top electrode, thereby meeting the requirements for a reversible Li+ ion insertion electrochromic device to operate within the 300 K blackbody emission range. Multicycle optical switching and emittance modulation is demonstrated. The measured change in emissivity of the device is to 20%. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1288810
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ infrared and visible-light ellipsometric investigations of boron nitride thin films at elevated temperatures (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 526-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy and visible-light (VIS) spectroscopic ellipsometry over the spectral range from 700 to 2000 cm−1 and 1.5–3.5 eV, respectively, were used to investigate the optical behavior of boron nitride (BN) thin films at temperatures from room temperature (RT) to 600 °C. The polycrystalline hexagonal (h) and mixed-phase h- and cubic (c)-BN thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering on [001] silicon. We observe a reversible moisture incorporation process in as-grown h-BN samples. When stored in normal ambient, the h-BN thin films absorb water into thin-film micropores. When annealed in ultrahigh vacuum or a dry nitrogen atmosphere, the samples expel moisture but retain their microstructure. This is observable by reduction of the thin-film refractive indices in accordance with changes in the IR lattice resonance behavior. The optical properties of high c-BN content thin films remain unchanged during annealing. And both intrinsic h- and c-BN thin-film VIS refractive indices are nearly temperature independent, at least up to 600 °C. Therefore, RT BN optical constants can be used for feedback loop control in in situ thin-film growth at temperatures up to 600 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368083
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared ellipsometry on hexagonal and cubic boron nitride thin films (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 1668-1670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry (IRSE) over the wavelength range from 700 to 3000 cm−1 has been used to study and distinguish the microstructure of polycrystalline hexagonal and cubic boron nitride thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering onto (100) silicon. The IRSE data are sensitive to the thin-film layer structure, phase composition, and average grain c-axes orientations of the hexagonal phase. We determine the amount of cubic material in high cubic boron nitride content thin films from the infrared optical dielectric function using an effective medium approach. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118655
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Kenntnis der Vorreife von Alkali-Zellulosen (1944)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 108 (1944), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die reaktionskinetische Untersuchung der Vorreife hat eine Reihe bereits bekannter Tatsachen bestätigt, vor allem aber die eigenartige Erscheinung, daß die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit asymptotisch abnimmt, einer Erklärung nähergebracht. Niedermolekulare Abbauprodukte müssen die Ursache für die Verlangsamung der Vorreife sein. Die Aktivierungsenergie, die für einige Zellulosen bestimmt werden konnte, beträgt übereinstimmend etwa 13340 cal. Für die eindeutig feststellbaren Unterschiede in der Vorreifegeschwindigkeit sind demnach sich in der Stoßkonstante ausdrückende Erscheinungen verantwortlich. Es hat den Anschein, daß gut filtrierbare Viskosen gebende Zellulosen in der Vorreife mehr Karboxylgruppen bilden bzw. diese weniger leicht abspalten, da nicht mit Sicherheit anzugeben ist, ob dieses beobachtete Verhältnis primärer oder sekundärer Natur ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01502365
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Nachweis organischer Farbstoffe durch Mikrosublimation. II Besonderer Teil (1938)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 3 (1938), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The following organic dyestuffs which were present either as powders or as dyed or printed material, gave characteristic sublimates: Indian yellow G, dianil yellow G, the 10 G, 5 G, 5 G transparent, 3 G, G, G transparent, GGR extra, GR, 3 R brands of Hansa yellow, lithol-fast yellow RN, helio-fast yellow 6 GL, lithol-fast orange RN, permanent red R extra, lithol-fast scarlet RN (Hansa red B), lithol-fast scarlet B, permanent red FRL, autol red BL, autol red RLP, brilliant indigo BASF, indanthrene yellow G, indanthrene brown G, indanthren blue RSN, indanthrene violet FFBN, indanthrene yellow 7 GK, indanthrene brilliant orange GR, indanthrene brilliant orange RK.
    Abstract: Résumé Les pigments organiques suivants, qui étaient à notre disposition, soit comme poudre, soit comme colorisation ou comme impression, donnèrent des sublimés caractéristiques: Indischgelb G, Dianilgelb G, les sortes de Hansagelb 10 G, 5 G, 5 G transparent, 3 G, G, G transparent, GGR extra, GR, 3 R, Litholechtgelb RN, Helioechtgelb 6 GL, Litholechtorange RN, Permanentrot R extra, Litholechtscharlach RN (Hansarot B). Litholechtscharlach B, Permanentrot FRL, Autolrot BL, Autolrot RLP, Brillant-Indigo BASF, Indanthrengelb G, Indanthrenbraun G, Indanthrenblau RSN, Indanthrenviolett FFBN, Indanthrengelb 7 GK, Indanthrenbrillantorange GR, Indanthrenbrillantorange RK.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Folgende organische Farbstoffe, die entweder als Pulver oder auch als Ausfärbung oder als Druck vorlagen, gaben kennzeichnende Sublimate: Indischgelb G, Dianilgelb G, die Hansagelbsorten 10 G, 5 G, 5 G transparent, 3 G, G, G transparent, GGR extra, GR, 3 R, Litholechtgelb RN, Helioechtgelb 6 GL, Litholechtorange RN, Permanentrot R extra, Litholechtscharlach RN (Hansarot B), Litholechtscharlach B, Permanentrot FRL, Autolrot BL, Autolrot RLP, Brillant-Indigo BASF, Indanthrengelb G, Indanthrenbraun G, Indanthrenblau RSN, Indanthrenviolett FFBN, Indanthrengelb 7 GK, Indanthrenbrillantorange GR, Indanthrenbrillantorange RK.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01471652
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can people hear the pitch change on a variable-pitch pulse oximeter? (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 8 (1992), S. 198-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Keywords: Measurement techniques: pulse oximetry ; Equipment: pulse oximeters ; Hearing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The introduction of the variable-pitch feature on pulse oximeters in 1983 by the Nellcor Corporation (Hayward, CA) allowed users to rapidly detect changes in oxygen saturation by listening for changes in the pitch of the tones emitted by the pulse oximeter. A few individuals have reported that they have been unable to detect a change in pitch when oxygen saturation changes. To these individuals, the variable-pitch feature of these pulse oximeters has not been beneficial. Using the pitches from one manufacturer of oximeters, we created a computer program to simulate the pitches that accompanied various oxygen saturations. The pitches were recorded onto a tape player and played for 75 volunteer subjects unfamiliar with the pitches of a variable-pitch pulse oximeter. Of our sample, 67% were able to detect a single change in pitch corresponding to a 1% fall in oxygen saturation, and 11% of the population could not detect a change in pitch until there was a change in pitch with every beat. We suggested four alternative designs that may prove beneficial to this group of individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01616776
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue korrosionsbeständige Werkstoffe im Ausland IV. Kupfer-Nickel-Legierungen mit geringen Eisengehalten für Kondensatorrohre (1950)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 1 (1950), S. 349-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Zusammenfassend läßt sich sagen, daß Wissenschaft und Technik zwar der Lösung des Problems, eine in jeder Beziehung genügend salzsäurebeständige Legierung zu finden, sehr nahe gekommen sind, daß jedoch noch manches zu tun ist, um alle berechtigten Wünsche der Praxis zu erfüllen. Dabei darf natürlich nicht übersehen werden, daß die erheblichen Fortschritte auf den Gebieten der nichtmetallischen und synthetischen Werkstoffe manche Fragen in einem ganz anderen Lichte erscheinen lassen, als noch vor 10 oder 20 Jahren.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19500010902
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