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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 369 (1994), S. 387-389 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We observed the formation of this regular morphology (Fig. 1) when preparing polystyrene-polyparaphenylene (PS-PPP) block copolymer films for radiation scattering experiments. The copolymers have the following formula: They are aggregated both in solution and in the solid state into ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 199 (1998), S. 625-632 
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: For the purpose of grafting conjugated molecules on metal or oxide electrodes (which is an essential step towards a new generation of reliable organic light emitting diodes), we have synthesized soluble oligocyclohexadienes (12 cyclic units) by anionic polymerization and functionalized them by carboxylic acids, thiol and siloxane. Aromatization of the oligomer to oligo(para-phenylene) (OPP) is carried out by dehydrogenation with chloranil. The adsorption of the carboxylic oligo(para-phenylene) derivatives on indium tin oxide powder is investigated by solution equilibration. In tetrahydrofuran (THF) an equilibrium constant of K = 21 500 1 · mol-1 and a maximum surface coverage (Nmax) of 4 μmol/m2 are obtained by using the Langmuir equation. A characteristic area of 40 Å2 per molecule is inferred from the surface density of absorbed oligo(para-phenylene), which indicates that a densely packed monolayer of vertically adsorbed molecules is formed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 5 (1984), S. 359-362 
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 9 (1988), S. 411-416 
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 12 (1991), S. 575-582 
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 16 (1978), S. 1285-1296 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dicarbanionic oligostyrylbarium or -strontium, PS=Ba++ and PS=Sr++, were prepared by reacting styrene with finely divided barium or strontium in THF or THP. The effects of reaction temperature, monomer, and metal concentration were described. Difunctionality of these living oligomers is confirmed from calculated and observed molecular weight data and also from conductivity measurements. λmax of carbanions is found to vary with DP. At 25°C it decreases from 368 nm for dimers to 359 nm for DP 〉 10. As observed for monocarbanionic polystyrylbarium (PS-)2Ba++, λmax of PS=Ba++ of high DP decreases with temperature, while λmax of PS=Ba++ of low DP increases with decreasing temperature. At -100°C the difference between the two extreme values is about 30 nm. Similar results are obtained with PS=Sr++. Such unusual spectral properties are interpreted, on the basis of excitation molecular theory, in terms of ring structures for the living oligomers.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 16 (1978), S. 1297-1309 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The propagation kinetics of anionic polymerization of styrene initiated by dicarbanionic oligostyrylbarium (PS=Ba++) in THF are described. The apparent propagation rate constant kp increases drastically with the degree of polymerization (DP) of living chains and tends at 20°C, for the highest molecular weight (DP ≃ 5000), to the value determined for monocarbanionic polystyrylbarium(PS-)2Ba++. At given DP, the propagation step follows usual first-order kinetics with respect to monomer, and kp is inversely proportional to carbanion concentration; as observed for (PS-)2Ba++. Similar behavior is observed in the temperature range from -60 to +20°C. The activation energy of the propagation is 4-5 kcal/mole (16.7-21 kJ/mole). It is shown that kp may be considered as directly proportional to the dissociation constant Kd of ion pairs (∼S-Ba++-S∼ is considered as an ion pair ∼(SBa)+S-∼). The striking variation of kp with the DP living chains is interpreted in terms of cyclic living chains, in which both carbanionic ends are bound to the same cation. Values of the intramolecular dissociation constant Kd of ion pairs included in such a model are computed as a function of DP, and their variation is found to fit rather well with experimental data.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 671-679 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The self-deactivation of polystyryl-barium and polystyryl-strontium in tetrahydrofuran (THF) results essentially from protonation by the solvent. The deactivation constant kd of this reaction is independent of carbanion concentration, length, and functionality of chains. Relations of kd with temperature are: polystyryl-barium: kd = 6.25 × 107 exp(-18,900/RT) sec-1; polystyryl-strontium: kd = 4.1 × 106 exp(-16,000/RT) sec-1. The self-deactivation of α,ω-dicarbanionic oligostyryl-barium is a nonrandomlike reaction. Residual living oligomers are left dicarbanionic even if an important deactivation occurs.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 44 (1961), S. 519-536 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wird über neue Ergebnisse berichtet, welche die Polymerisation des Isoprens in nichtpolaren Lösungsmitteln mittels Lithium bzw. Butyllithium betreffen. Es konnte bewiesen werden, daß in letzterem Falle die Polymerisation sich in homogener Phase vollzieht, und dabei wirken nur die nichtassoziierten Moleküle des Butyllithiums als Initiatorkeime. Ausführliche kinetische Messungen und auch Lichtstreuungsmessungen an Lösungen des Reaktionsmediums sprechen eindeutig für diese Resultate.In der mit Lithium gestarteten Polymerisation des Isoprens bilden sich zuerst lösliche lithiumorganische Stoffe, deren Anwesenheit im Reaktionsmedium bewiesen werden konnte und die als Initiatorkeime wirken. Diese Ergebnisse werden aus kinetischen Messungen und Copolymerisationsversuchen erhalten. Die beobachtete Stereospezifität ist weder mit der Kristallstruktur des Li, noch mit der heterogenen Reaktionsmischung verbunden. Sogar in Abwesenheit von Lösungsmitteln konnte durch direkte Oberflächenpolymerisation in der Reaktionsmasse das Vorhandensein von aktiven Substanzen bewiesen werden.Über die Herkunft der Stereospezifität der auf diese Weise gewonnenen Polyisoprene sind nur die Hypothesen von STEARNS und FOREMAN mit unseren experimentellen Ergebnissen übereinstimmend.
    Notes: Dans cette communication divers résultats récents sont présentés, qui concernent la polymérisation stéréospécifique de l'isoprène en milieu non polaire, par le lithium d'une part et par le butyllithium de l'autre. Il a pu être démontré que dans ce dernier cas la polymérisation s'effectue en phase homogène, les centres initiateurs étant les molécules non associées de l'organolithien. Ces résultats ressortent d'une étude cinétique détaillée ainsi que de mesures de diffusion de la lumière effectuées sur le milieu réactionnel en cours de polymérisation.La polymérisation de l'isoprène par le lithium métallique s'effectue par l'intermédiaire de composés organolithiens solubles dont la présence dans le milieu réactionnel a pu être mise en évidence de diverses manières, notamment par une étude cinétique, et par des essais de copolymérisation. La stéréospécificité observée n'est aucunement liée au réseau cristallin du lithium, ni à l'hétérogénéité du milieu réactionnel. Même en absence de diluant, par polymérisation directe sur une surface de Li, l'existence dans la masse réactionnelle de composés organolithiens actifs a pu être mise en évidence.Tous ces résultats conduisent à penser que l'hypothèse de STEARNS et FOREMAN sur l'origine possible de la stéréorégularité des polyisoprènes ainsi obtenus est la plus vraisemblable.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Polymerisation von Methylmethacrylat in Tetrahydrofuran, initiiert durch Calciumsuspensionen, wurde studiert. Die Polymerisationskinetik hängt von der Art der Herstellung der Suspension, besonders von der Porosität der Metallpartikel ab. Die Molekulargewichte der Polymeren sind sehr hoch, und die Polydispersität ist groß. Die Mikrostruktur hängt vom Umsatz ab; dies wurde durch die Existenz eines anionischen und radikalischen Mechanismus erklärt.
    Notes: La polymérisation du méthacrylate de méthyle est amorcée par des suspensions de calcium dans le tétrahydrofuranne. La cinétique de polymérisation dépend du mode de préparation de ces suspensions, et notamment de la porosité des particules métalliques. Les masses moléculaires du polymère sont élevées et très polydispersées. Les microstructures varient avec le taux de conversion, ce que l'on explique par l'existence d'un double mécanisme anionique et radicalaire.
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