ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

Electronic Resource

Diel and lunar patterns of reproduction in the Caribbean and Pacific sergeant major damselfishes Abudefduf saxatilis and A. troschelii (1987)

Foster, S. A.

Springer

Marine biology 95 (1987), S. 333-343

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ISSN: 1432-1793

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Diel and lunar reproductive patterns of the Caribbean and Pacific sergeant major damselfishes Abudefduf saxatilis and A. troschelii respectively, were studied i the San Blas and Northern Perls Islands of Panama in 1981 and 1982. These are sister-species that have diverged since the uplift of the isthmus of Panama. Caribbean A. saxatilis females typically complete spawning in the nests of males earlier in the morning than do Pacific A. troschelii females. Spawning is rarely observed during the afternoon. Hatching occurs four or five days after spawning in the Caribbean species, and after four days in the Pacific species. In both, fry hatch during the hour following sunset. There also are differences in lunar patterns of spawning between the two species. The Caribbean A. saxatilis spawns throughout the month, exhibiting no lunar periodicity. In the Pacific A. troschelii spawns within nine days on either side of new moon. During the wet season, reproductive activity at a site spans three or four days, but is extended to eight or more days during dry season upwelling in the Bay of Panama. Thus, reproductive synchrony is much greater within than between colonies of the Pacific sergeant major, particularly in the wet season. Reproductive synchrony in the Pacific sergeant major might be beneficial because fry hatching at dusk encounter favorable tides for transport away from reef-based predators around new moon, or because reproductive synchrony reduces the risk of predation on unhatched embryos in nests guarded by males. Tidal amplitude and the rate of predation on embryos in nests are greater in the Pacific.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409563

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2

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Phenotypic integration of life history and morphology: an example from three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (1992)

Foster, S. A. ; Baker, J. A. ; Bell, M. A.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of fish biology 41 (1992), S. 0

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ISSN: 1095-8649

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Although typically life history and morphology are studied separately, they may evolve most often in concert. Therefore, a full understanding of the evolution of fish life-history patterns may require exploration of the evolutionary interplay between components of life history and other aspects of phenotype. One of the most promising approaches to understanding phenotypic integration is population comparison. This approach is particularly effective when ancestralderived relationships are understood and when multiple populations can be inferred to have evolved derived character states independently. Here we provide an example of this approach using five allopatric populations of freshwater three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculcatus L.) that have diverged in response to differences in selection regimes among the lakes they inhabit. We demonstrate a relationship between one aspect of reproductive life history, clutch volume and relative body shape. The differences are consistent with those predicted on the basis of differences in trophic habit and overall body form. Finally, we discuss the value of particular groups of fish for use in comparative studies and explore the kinds of evolutionary issues that can be addressed through population comparison.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb03865.x

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3

Electronic Resource

Observations on a foraging association between two freshwater stream fishes (1994)

Baker, J. A. ; Foster, S. A.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Ecology of freshwater fish 3 (1994), S. 0

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ISSN: 1600-0633

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: On 3 occasions during summer 1977, small groups of a typically run- and pool-dwelling minnow (blacktail shiner, Cyprinella venusta) were observed feeding in a shallow riffle on items dislodged by foraging northern hog suckers (Hypentelium nigricans). Although such nuclear-attendant following behavior has been documented in marine systems and has been reported from some African freshwater lakes, descriptions from freshwater streams are rare. We describe the interaction and consider the probable development of the search behaviour of the blacktail shiners. We also explore the possible benefits of searching for hog suckers in small groups, as observed, rather than as individuals or in large groups. This feeding strategy may be an important mechanism of food acquisition for some individuals when usual resources are scarce.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.1994.tb00115.x

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4

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Effects of gravidity on habitat use and antipredator behaviour in three-spined sticklebacks (1998)

Rodewald, A. D. ; Foster†, S. A.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of fish biology 52 (1998), S. 0

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ISSN: 1095-8649

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Habitat use was examined in six Alaskan populations of three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus. In three lakes with predatory fishes, gravid female sticklebacks remained closer to refuge than did non-gravid females, while those in lakes devoid of piscivores did not display this shift in behaviour. Gravid females in a lake with predatory rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss used different evasive manoeuvres than did non-gravid females during in situ encounters with a model rainbow trout. Gravid females were more likely to incorporate a protean element in their flight moffements than were non-gravid females. Offerall, these data suggest that gravid female three-spined sticklebacks modify habitat use and escape behaviour to reduce vulnerability to predators.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00597.x

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5

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Phenotypic plasticity for life history traits in a stream population of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (2002)

Baker, J. A. ; Foster, S. A.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd

Ecology of freshwater fish 11 (2002), S. 0

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ISSN: 1600-0633

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract – The life history traits of breeding size, clutch size, egg size and relative clutch mass were examined for evidence of plasticity within a set of six annual samples of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., females from south-central Alaska, USA. Three samples (from 1992, 1996 and 1999) were of stickleback native to, and living within, a stream environment, while three (from 1995, 1996 and 1999) represented fish living within a pond environment recently colonized by the stream stickleback. Significant differences between stream and pond fish were found for all four traits. For most traits, pond-living females showed greater variation both across and within years than did stream-living females. Although extremely rapid evolution within the pond, or genetic drift caused by low founding population size, could not be completely ruled out, trait changes across years in both environments were interpreted as representing adaptive plasticity.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0633.2002.110104.x

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6

Electronic Resource

Cannibalism as the cause of an ontogenetic shift in habitat use by fry of the threespine stickleback (1988)

Foster, S. A. ; Garcia, V. B. ; Town, M. Y.

Springer

Oecologia 74 (1988), S. 577-585

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Keywords: Aeshna ; Body size ; Gasterosteus aculeatus ; Refuge ; Size-limited predation

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary In Crystal Lake, British Columbia, small fry (≤15 mm SL) of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are concentrated in vegetation while larger fry are not. Because fry in all size classes feed primarily on zooplankton, even when in vegetation, we hypothesized that size-limited predation was responsible for the observed shift in habitat use with size. The major predators on fry in Crystal Lake are adult threespine stickleback, the water scorpion, Ranatra sp. (Hemiptera: Nepidae), backswimmers, Notonecta spp. (Hemiptera: Notonectidae), and dragonfly naiads of the genus Aeshna (Odonata: Aeschnidae). On the basis of distribution and hunting behavior we excluded the insects Ranatra sp., and Notonecta sp. as causal agents for this shift in resource by fry in water 〉0.25 m deep. Ranatra was found almost exclusively near the shoreline in water 〈0.25 m deep, and both insects hunted primarily as ambush predators within vegetation. Such predators seemed more likely to drive vulnerable fry from vegetation than to restrict them to it. In contrast, Aeshna naiads and adult stickleback frequently hunted outside of vegetation. In prey preference experiments the naiads did not show the decline in predation efficiency on fry 〉15 mm SL that would be expected if size-limited predation by this insect was responsible for the observed shift in resource use by fry. Adult stickleback only fed on fry 〈15 mm SL, and in an experimental situation, consumed fry at a rate 10 times greater than that exhibited by any of the insects. Predation experiments demonstrated that small fry (11–15 mm) spent more time in vegetation in the presence of adult conspecifics than they did in control pools, as would be expected if size-limited cannibalism caused small, vulnerable fry to be restricted to vegetation. Fry 〉15 mm SL were found outside of vegetation more often than in control treatments. The probable cause of this result is that adults become aggressive toward fry at this size, and often could be seen chasing large fry from vegetation during the experiments. Dragonfly naiads (Aeshna spp.) spent most of their time in vegetation in the experimental pools. Both size classes of fry spent less time in vegetation in the presence of dragonfly naiads than they did in control treatments, an apparent reflection of their similar vulnerabilities to these naiads. The presence of vegetation in pools reduced predation rates by adult stickleback on small fry. Because the experiments presented here indicate that fry are capable of rapidly assessing predation risk and of altering their behavior adaptively, we conclude that small fry occupy vegetation as a refuge from cannibalism. Once fry have reached the size-threshold at which they are no longer vulnerable to adult conspecifics they are able to forage farther from vegetation thereby reducing risk of predation by insects in vegetation and possibly acquiring more abundant food resources.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380056

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7

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Growth arrest by induction of p53 in DNA damaged keratinocytes is bypassed by human papillomavirus 16 E7. (1994)

Demers, G. W. ; Foster, S. A. ; Halbert, C. L. ; [et al.]

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1994; 91(10): 4382-4386. Published 1994 May 10. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.10.4382.

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Publication Date: 1994-05-10

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General

Published by National Academy of Sciences

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Sense of Community and Its Association With the Neighborhood Built Environment (2014)

French, S., Wood, L., Foster, S. A., Giles-Corti, B., Frank, L., Learnihan, V.

Sage

In: Environment and Behavior

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Publication Date: 2014-07-10

Description: We investigated the influence of neighborhood built form on sense of community in Perth, Western Australia. It was hypothesized that sense of community would be stronger in individuals living in pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods. Multivariate linear regression models explored associations between walking and sense of community, with progressive adjustment for objective and perceived neighborhood characteristics. Sense of community was positively associated with walking for transport and positive perceptions of neighborhood quality, and negatively associated with residential density. The findings highlight the influence of local area perceptions on sense of community that appeared to be more important than objective environment characteristics. However, the latter may influence perceptions, and this requires investigation.

Print ISSN: 0013-9165

Electronic ISSN: 1552-390X

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Psychology

Published by Sage

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