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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2015-2016 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Spatially resolved spectra have been obtained, during a single discharge, with one spectrometer using an optical multifiber commutator (OMC). We report results from this device which can be preprogrammed to select up to nine viewing chords, via high transmission optical fibers. This arrangement has been incorporated with a multichannel (OMA) spectrometer, where the fiber-to-fiber switching time matches the basic video scan of the detector (16 ms). The spectrometer can be operated in medium resolution mode (0.3 A(ring)) with a conventional grating or with high resolution (0.05 A(ring)) by substituting an echelle grating. The apparatus has been used for the evaluation of ion temperatures in the source and extraction regions of the Culham negative ion source. It is presently employed in JET for the study of the relative impurity influxes from the wall, the limiters, and the rf antennas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 1012-1014 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The spatial distribution of neutral deuterium has been determined in a reversed field pinch by fluorescence scattering. The first series of measurements, with a resolution of 4 cm were made with the laser tuned to the Dα, n=2−3(6561 A(ring)) transition. The second set of measurements, with both 4 and 2 cm resolution were performed with the laser tuned to the Dβn=2−4(4861 A(ring)) wavelength. The improvement in signal to noise obtained was substantial, being increased by a factor of (approximately-equal-to)2.5 in general. This is believed to be the first such measurement at this wavelength. The advantages of using this transition are such that this technique can be extended to measure the electron density near the plasma edge.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 862-864 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Light from the Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak is relayed by optical fibers to detectors outside the biological shield, where personnel access is unrestricted. This arrangement, which is described in detail, will permit routine recording during the intense neutron emission associated with the production of D–T plasmas—scheduled for 1989. The diagnostic has been in routine use since JET began operation in mid-1983. A selection of results obtained is presented. The likely degradation in fiber performance, due to irradiation, during the D–T phase of the program is assessed. Methods of overcoming the problems due to induced absorption are presented.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 199 (1963), S. 1281-1282 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] With FabryPerot spacings of 2.78 cm and 4.05 cm, giving free spectral ranges of 0.18 cm1 and 0.12 cm1 respectively, we obtained fringe patterns (Fig. 1) which typically fill between 1/2 and 2/3 of an order. They are composed of several lines, usually 4 or 5 although occasionally 3 or 6 have been ...
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1461-1463 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The spatial neutral deuterium temperature distribution has been made in the HBTX1B reversed-field pinch plasma device by Balmer-beta fluorescence scattering. This measurement is based on tuning a dye laser to the n=2–4 transition of deuterium and passing it through the deuterium plasma with sufficient power to saturate the selected transition. The technique, hitherto used to determine neutral densities and energies, has been extended by means of an optimized two-channel narrow-band interference-filter arrangement to analyze the scattered spectrum. Spatial resolution is achieved by a scanning Risley prism arrangement. Neutral temperatures in the range 20–150 eV have been measured and the spatial distribution is consistent with neutral particle analyzer results and an ion power balance model proposed for the reversed-field pinch.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1488-1490 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Fabry–Pérot interferometer is well known for its very favorable combination of high resolution and throughput. However, the radial dispersion of the spectrum makes multichannel detection difficult. Several systems have been devised that physically split the focal plane into annular elements, but these are normally limited to about ten channels while the Fabry–Pérot has potentially a much higher multichannel capability (e.g., the finesse is typically 20–50). In practice these devices have proved to be difficult to make. We have developed a more efficient and versatile technique where the interference pattern is focused onto a CCD array (640×1024 elements). The data can then be transformed to a circular coordinate system and, for example, provide the means of integrating all the information in selected annular ranges (i.e., a multichannel analyzer). The large number of pixels available enables a working finesse of up to 50 to be realized. The technique is particularly valuable for the detection of partial azimuthal fringes.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 211 (1966), S. 23-24 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT is now well known that the illumination of a plasma by a monochromatic uni-directional light beam results in a spectral distribution of scattered light the shape of which depends on the ratio, a, of the scale length for scattering to the plasma Debye length. It has been shown theoretically1 that ...
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 224 (1969), S. 488-490 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Electron temperatures of 100 eV up to 1 keV and densities in the range 1–3 × 1013 cm−3 have been measured by Thomson scattering on Tokamak T3. These results agree with those obtained by other techniques where direct comparison has been ...
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 1807-1809 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In conventional Thomson scattering diagnostics S(w,k) is measured with either w or k fixed; this paper describes a technique which enables the frequency spectrum to be determined along three different density fluctuation k vectors simultaneously. Such a technique is invaluable in the diagnosis of irreproducible plasmas, since the complete dynamic form factor for the scattered light S(w,k) can be measured instantaneously. Experiments on the Culham Plasma Focus, with its short-lived (10–50 ns) dense plasma phase, demonstrate the advantages of the method. Three sets of collection optics were orientated to view an identical scattering volume with scattering k's parallel, orthogonal, and at 45° to the plasma Z axis. The scattered light from each system was relayed by optical fibers to a Czerny–Turner spectrometer with a triple input slit. A gated optical multichannel analyzer was used to record the three dispersed spectra produced by this arrangement. The results demonstrate the gross variations in the density fluctuations parallel and perpendicular to the current flow. Examples of some of the detailed analyses of the results in terms of a two-component plasma with different Te, Ti, ne, V drift, etc., are given.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a well established technique used to determine the neutral hydrogen density in fusion plasmas. There is a requirement to extend these measurements to the Divertor section of large plasma devices, but this is problematical due to the high levels of stray laser light and background plasma emission. Here we describe a method, based on harmonic saturated spectroscopy which depends on the nonlinear response of a saturated atomic system to discriminate against intrusive noise sources. For a pump laser modulated such that the intensity varies as I=I0 sin2 wt, the Fourier transform amplitude coefficients of the resulting fluorescence scattered signal take on finite values. Therefore selective frequency detection at, say, 4w makes possible high rejection of the dc component of plasma emission and also stray light at the modulation frequency of the laser. Excitation to the required atomic level is by a flash tube pumped frequency modulated Balmer Beta dye laser at 486 nm, with detection at the same wavelength. The optimization of the nonlinear pumping process, i.e., the degree of saturation for the most efficient production of detectable harmonics, is outlined. Also the anticipated signal-to-noise levels for the pertinent plasma conditions are given.
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