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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1984-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1986-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1985-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1996-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0304-3800
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-7026
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2001-04-20
    Print ISSN: 0021-8561
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5118
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The bacteria associated with Dacus tryoni (Froggatt), Dacus jarvisi (Tryon), Dacus neohumeralis (Hardy) and Dacus cacuminatus (Hering) were examined. Bacteria were isolated from the surface of freshly-laid eggs, from within surface sterilised pupae, from heads and abdomens of wild and laboratory-maintained flies, and from decomposed fruits in which the wild larvae were feeding. A more diverse flora was associated with D. tryoni and D. jarvisi (15 and 14 species, respectively) than with D. neohumeralis and D. cacuminatus (9 and 6 species, respectively). Most of the bacteria belonged to the family Enterobacteriaceae and while there were similarities of bacterial associations between fly species there was no evidence of a strict symbiotic association of a particular bacterium or bacteria with each species of fly. The larvae of D. jarvisi were unable to develop normally in an artificial medium containing unhydrolysed protein and free of bacteria and on a medium containing casein and Serratia liquefaciens (isolated from the flies and shown to secrete protease) the larvae died. On the same casein medium containing Enterobacter cloacae (isolated from the flies and shown to be protease negative) the larvae developed normally. Larvae of D. tryoni and D. jarvisi were devoid of protease and cellulase activity, but contained some amylase activity. The significance of these results in terms of current hypotheses concerning symbioses between tephritids and bacteria is discussed.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The relative importance of adult preferences or specialisations of larval physiology in restricting the host range of five species of Dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) was examined, with particular emphasis on their utilization of cultivated fruits. The species; D. tryoni, D. jarvisi, D. cucumis, D. musae and D. cacuminatus differ widely in host range with D. tryoni being highly polyphagous while D. cacuminatus is virtually monophagous. Laboratory experiments showed that larvae of all species survived and developed in many cultivated fruits in which the specialists never occur in the field. By contrast the oviposition preferences and specificity of adult females differed widely between species. Female D. tryoni oviposited in most species of fruit. The specialised species; D. cucumis, D. musae and D. cacuminatus strongly preferred their usual hosts and would not oviposit in novel fruits even in the absence of the preferred host. In contrast, D. jarvisi consistently preferred its main native host but when this was not offered readily accepted cultivated fruits. These differences in preference are consistent with the pattern of infestation displayed by each species in the field. The study indicate that, in general, the occurrence of these species of Dacus in cultivated fruits is constrained more by the behavioural preferences of adult females than by larval specialisations. A genetic change in some aspect of host recognition or acceptance would be necessary for the specialised species to regularly infest cultivated fruits though no change in larval characteristics may be needed. As the types and concentrations of defensive secondary compounds may differ between native and cultivated fruits this conclusion cannot be extended to host shifts among native fruits.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary When offered a choice, females of the fruit flies Dacus tryoni (Frogg.) and D. jarvisi (Tryon) strongly preferred to lay in fruits without larvae rather than fruits which already contained larvae. Fruits which contained even low densities of larvae, including newly hatched ones, received many fewer eggs than control fruits. This preference was not influenced by the species of larvae present in the fruits nor by the distance to uninfested fruits. Discrimination occurred when fruits with and without larvae were close together (10 cm apart) and also when they were separated by distances of about one metre. Laboratory assays suggested that the flies detect chemical changes in the fruit associated with the decomposition which accompanies larval feeding, but they do not seem to detect the larvae Perse. This behaviour may be significant when these two species utilise the same host since the species which is able to infest fruits first will reduce the availability of hosts for the other species. In contrast to many other Tephritids (e.g. Rhagoletis, Anastrepha and Ceratitis) female Dacus don't discriminate against fruits which contain eggs nor do they deposit a pheromone to deter oviposition by females that subsequently visit the fruit. An hypothesis is proposed to explain the absence of oviposition-deterring pheromones in Dacus, and their presence in many other species of Tephritidae, on the basis of differences in life history and population structure.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 30 (1981), S. 40-44 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les réponses inter- et intraspécifiques aux phéromones ont été étudiées au laboratoire chez des femelles vierges de trois espèces de Dacinae. Les femelles de Dacus opiliae répondent aussi bien à la phéromone de leurs propres males qu'à celle émise par des mâles de l'espèce jumelle D. dorsalis Hendel, mais ne répondent pas aux émissions des mâles d'autres espèces moins proches. On ne trouve pas de spécificité aux résponses de D. aquilonis May et D. jarvisi Tryon testées dans les mêmes conditions. Ces réponses interspécifiques ne sont pas une anomalie de femelles élevées au laboratoire et ne se limitent pas aux phéromones émises par des mâles obtenus au laboratoire. On en conclut que les essais en laboratoire ne fournissent pas d'indications suffisantes sur les relations génériques des espèces de Dacinae. Des réponses interspécifique à courte distance pourraient en effet n'être que le résultat d'une opération de mise en alerte de l'autre sexe ou le produit d'une composante excitante de la phéromone, la spécificité dépendant de fractions opérant à plus longue distance.
    Notes: Abstract Intra- and interspecific pheromone responses by virgin females of three species of Dacinae were examined using a laboratory bioassay. Females of Dacus opiliae Drew & Hardy responded to the pheromone from males of the sibling species, D. dorsalis Hendel, as intensely as to their own but did not respond to the secretion from males of other less closely related species. D. aquilonis (May) and D. jarvisi (Tryon), however, displayed no specificity of pheromone response in the same bioassay situation. Interspecific responses were neither an artefact of laboratory-cultured females not were they restricted only to the pheromone secretion from laboratory-reared males. It is concluded that laboratory bioassays of pheromone responses are not reliable indicators of generic relationships among dacine species. Short range interspecific responses may reflect only the operation of a sex recognition or excitation component of the pheromone; species specificity may depend on components which operate over longer distances.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 55 (1990), S. 11-21 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Dacus ; life histories ; fecundity ; competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé D. tryoni Frogg est la principale téphrididae nuisible aux fruits cultivés en Australie. Cependant, plusieurs autres espèces de Dacus, dont D. jarvisi Tryon sont susceptibles de contaminer ces fruits. Quelques facteurs influant sur le taux de contamination de fruits ont été examinés pour déterminer si une espèce peut être avantagée lors de l'exploitation des mêmes fruits dans la nature. L'influence de la taille de l'adulte sur le taux d'accroissement intrinsèque, sur le nombre d'ovarioles, sur l'effectif des pontes et sur la taille des œufs a été examinée au laboratoire sur les 2 espèces. Pendant les 10 premières semaines, D. tryoni produit 2 fois plus d'œufs que D. jarvisi, la plupart étant pondus entre la 3e et la 5e semaines après l'émergence. La production de D. tryoni diminue rapidement après ce maximum. D. jarvisi ne présente pas ce maximum précoce, et la production des œufs se fait au même rythme entre les 3e et 7e semaines, avant de diminuer graduellement. La différence de fécondité au bout de 10 semaines peut être expliquée partiellement par le plus grand nombre d'ovarioles de D. tryoni (38/ovaire) contre 24/ovaire pour D. jarvisi. De plus, D. tryoni forme des œufs plus petits que D. jarvisi et l'effectif de chacune de ses pontes est plus limité: 3 à 4 œufs contre 10 à 15. Chez les deux espèces, il y a une relation directe nette entre le nombre d'ovarioles et la taille du corps de la femelle (mesurée par la longueur de l'aile). Par contre, la taille des œufs est indépendante d'une grande gamme de tailles du corps des femelles. Les caractéristiques biologiques de D. tryoni le rendent capable de contaminer rapidement les bouquets de fruits qu'il vient de coloniser, ce qui réduit les disponibilités pour les autres espèces susceptibles de contaminer ces fruits. Dans le cas particulier de D. jarvisi, D. tryoni a peu d'impact sur son niveau de population, puisque D. jarvisi peut exploiter aussi son hôte d'origine, Planchonia careya: Il ne tend à entrer en compétition avec D. tryoni que pour une ou deux générations tardives en été, quand l'hôte partage (la goyave) est souvent abondant. Néanmoins, si les fruits sont rares à cette époque ou si les 2 espèces sont obligées de partager leurs hôtes pendant plusieurs générations (hors de l'aire de Planchonia), D. tryoni aura un avantage certain.
    Notes: Abstract Dacus tryoni (Frogg.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the main tephritid pest of cultivated fruits in Australia. D. jarvisi (Tryon) is also able to infest these fruits. Some factors influencing the rate at which D. tryoni and D. jarvisi exploit patches of host fruits were examined to determine whether one species may have an advantage when they exploit the same fruits in the field. Measurements of the intrinsic rate of increase, ovariole number, clutch size and egg size and the influence of body size on these parameters were made for both species in the laboratory. Up to 10 weeks of age D. tryoni produced twice as many eggs as D. jarvisi, most during a peak 3–5 weeks after adult emergence. The difference in fecundity up to 10 weeks can be explained partly by the higher number of ovarioles in D. tryoni (38/ovary) compared to D. jarvisi (27/ovary). In addition D. tryoni produces smaller eggs than D. jarvisi and distributes them in smaller clutches; 3–4 eggs/clutch vs 10–15. In both species there was a positive correlation between ovariole number and body size (as measured by wing length). By contrast, egg size remained constant over a broad range of body sizes. The influence of these life history differences on the interaction between D. tryoni and D. jarvisi in the field is discussed.
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