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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-09-20
    Print ISSN: 0266-0032
    Electronic ISSN: 1475-2743
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley on behalf of British Society of Soil Science.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Print ISSN: 1351-0754
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2389
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In Schleswig-Holstein haben sich Verwallungen als ein vielversprechendes Konzept zur Wiedervernässung als einleitender Schritt zur Renaturierung von Hochmooren dargestellt. In dieser Studie wurde der Wasserstaueffekt der Verwallung (bestehend aus einem Torfdamm mit darunterliegender Verfüllungsgrube als „Torfspundwand“) anhand bodenphysikalischer Kennwerte an drei Hochmoorstandorten in Schleswig-Holstein überprüft. Als Prüfparameter eignen sich mit zunehmender Indikation Trockenrohdichte, Luftkapazität (Grobporen 〉 50 um) und gesättigte Wasserleitfähigkeit, die sensibel auf Verdichtungsprozesse - wie sie in der Verwallung durch die Baggeraktivität erzeugt werden - reagieren. Um den erwünschten Verdichtungseffekt näher zu quantifizieren, wurden vergleichbare Untersuchungen an einem jeweiligen Referenzstandort in den gleichen Bodentiefen (50 und 100 cm unter GOF) durchgeführt. Es wurde festgestellt, dass in der Verfüllungsgrube die Wasserleitfähigkeit in horizontaler Richtung gegenüber der Referenzfläche abnimmt, was die seitliche Wasserbewegung aus dem Moorkörper vermindert. Dieser Staueffekt wurde allerdings nur in 50 cm Tiefe, nicht in 100 cm Tiefe erreicht. Geringe Trockenrohdichte und hohe Luftkapazitäten in 100 cm Tiefe deuten auf eine nachlassende Wirkung der Verdichtung durch die Baggerlast mit der Tiefe. Zum anderen bedingte das Zerstören der natürlichen Torfstrukturen und die Durchmischung eine Störung der Porenfunktionalität in der Verwallung, so dass die besonders leitfähigen Grobporen nicht in Zusammenhang mit einer Zunahme der horizontalen Wasserleitfähigkeit stehen. Ihr positiver Effekt auf den Wasserfluss wirkt daher nur in vertikaler, nicht in horizontaler Richtung. Die damit erzeugte Umkehr der Anisotropie von einer stärker horizontal, wie in den natürlich geschichteten Torfen der Referenz, zu einer stärker vertikal ausgeprägten Fließrichtung in der Verwallung wird daher mit als eine entscheidende Steuergröße für das Abflussregime gesehen, die die Effektivität der Wasserrückhaltung verbessert.
    Description: The rewetting of degraded raised bogs with the help of water retaining peat dams proved to be a promising restoration strategy in Schleswig-Holstein. In this study, the water retention effect of peat dam systems (consisting ofan aboveground peat dam and a belowground pit refilled with the parent peat material from the surroundings acting as “piling wall”) was analysed at three raised bog sites in Schleswig-Holstein. The evaluation based on the following soil physical test values with increasing indication power: bulk density, air capacity (coarse pores 〉 50 um) and saturated hydraulic conductivity, which likely react sensitively to compaction processes during the dam construction by excavators. In order to quantify the barrier function of the belowground “piling wall” at each site, comparable analyses were conducted at the same sampling depths (50 and 100 cm below ground surface) on an adjacent, undisturbed reference site with natural peat stratification. The results indicated a decreased saturated hydraulic conductivity in horizontal direction in the 50 cm depth of the “piling wall” compared to the reference site. In contrast, a low bulk density and a high air capacity was found in the 100 cm depth, indicating that the compaction intensity declined with depth. On the other hand, the disruption of the natural peat structure by excavators and the following mixing process reduced pore functionality in the peat dam systems. Consequently, the increase in highly conductible macropores only led to an improvement of the hydraulic conductivity in the vertical, but not in the horizontal direction. This reversal of anisotropy from a more horizontally pronounced, like in the undisturbed reference peat soil, to a more vertically pronounced flow direction in the peat dam systems might be an important control parameter for the water flow regime, improving the efficiency of water retention inside the raised bog body.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 553.21 ; Moor ; Wiedervernässung ; Hydrologie ; Hochmoor ; bog ; peatland ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-10-15
    Description: Many soil types in the federal state of Schleswig-Holstein (North Germany) are naturally compacted in the subsoil due to pedo- or geogenic processes (42% of the area) but, due to anthropogenic impacts, the percentage of subsoil compaction has increased further. To determine the overall subsoil compaction status of seven representative soil types in Schleswig-Holstein (≤ 60 cm depth), air capacity (AC), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and effective bulk density (ρBeff) of 342 soil profiles from the database of the State Agency for Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas of Schleswig-Holstein (LLUR) were evaluated with respect to critical threshold values (AC 〈 5 Vol.-%, Ks 〈 10 cm day−1, ρBeff 〉 1.7 g cm−3). The compaction status was classified into Classes I–IV, where a harmful subsoil compaction was assumed if both values of AC and Ks simultaneously exceeded (are smaller than) their threshold value (Class IV). Subsoils of (Stagnic) Luvisols and Stagnosols derived from glacial till, as well as those of Fluvic Gleyic Stagnosols of the marshlands, showed a high degree of natural compaction (46%–65% in Class IV). In contrast, sandy subsoil horizons of Podzols and Brunic Arenosols derived from glacifluvial sediments were rarely compacted (〈 13% in Class IV), and possessed the lowest ρBeff, which were similar to Anthrosols. Only 5%–18% of their subsoil horizons exceeded the critical value of 1.7 g cm−3. Additionally, anthropogenic subsoil compaction of at least 6%–10% was verified for (Stagnic) Luvisols and Stagnosols.
    Keywords: 631.4 ; air capacity ; hydraulic conductivity ; soil database ; subsoil compaction
    Language: English
    Type: map
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