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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 7107-7114 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 104 (1982), S. 2337-2345 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 34 (1956), S. 101-150 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In this paper we apply the theory of perturbations, previously developed by one of us, to the deduction of the main normal characteristics of the perturbations that are compatible with a given mean field of pressure and temperature. This deduction comprises the determination: 1ℴ) of the mean configuration of the perturbations for the different regions under examination; 2ℴ) of the normal deepening and filling regions of the perturbations, and particularly their formation and vanishing focuses; 3ℴ) of the mean paths, speeds, frequencies and amplitudes of the perturbations. The «dynamical climatology» we are contemplating here is concerned with all these mean properties of the perturbations for a given period. After a first theoretical part, we give some examples of the application of the general results to the dynamical climatology of January and July for North America, North Atlantic and Europe.
    Notes: Résumé Nous appliquons dans ce mémoire la théorie des perturbations, développée antérieuremet par l'un de nous, à la déduction des principales caractéristiques normales des perturbations compatibles avec un champ moyen donné de pression et de température. Cette deduction comprend la détermination: 1ℴ) de la configuration moyenne des perturbations dans les différentes régions étudiées; 2ℴ) des zones de creusement et de comblement et en particulier des foyers de formation et de disparition des perturbations; 3ℴ) des trajectoires, vitesses, fréquences et amplitudes moyennes des perturbations. C'est à l'ensemble de ces propriétés moyennes que nous donnons le nom de «climatologie dynamique» d'une période donnée. Après une première partie théorique, nous donnons des exemples d'application des résultats généraux à la climatologie dynamique des mois de Janvier et de Juillet pour l'Amérique du Nord, l'Atlantique Nord et l'Europe.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 66 (1982), S. 171-181 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: nerve ; voltage clamp ; giant axon ; potassium channels ; potassium gating ; potassium inactivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Measurements were made of the kinetic and steadystate characteristics of the potassium conductance in the giant axon of the crabCarcinus maenas. These measurements were made in the presence of tetrodotoxin, using the feedback amplifier concept introduced by Dodge and Frankenhaeuser (J. Physiol. (London) 143:76–90). The conductance increase during depolarizing voltage-clamp pulses was analyzed assuming that two separate potassium channels exist in these axons. The first potassium channel exhibited activation and fast inactivation gating which could be fitted using them 3 h, Hodgkin-Huxley formalism. The second potassium channel exhibited the standardn 4 Hodgkin-Huxley kinetics. These two postulated channels are blocked by internal application of caesium, tetraethylammonium and sodium ions. External application of 4 amino-pyridine also blocks these channels.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 66 (1982), S. 159-169 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: giant axon ; sodium channel ; voltage clamp ; crustacean nerve ; Na channel gating ; sodium conductance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Measurements were made of the kinetics and steady-state properties of the sodium conductance changes in the giant axon of the crabCarcinus maenas. The conductance measurements were made in the presence of small concentrations of tetrodotoxin and as much electrical compensation as possible in order to minimize errors caused by the series resistance. After an initial delay of 10–150 μsec, the conductance increase during depolarizing voltage clamp pulses followed the Hodgkin-Huxley kinetics. Values of the time constant for the activation of the sodium conductance lay on a bell-shaped curve with a maximum under 180 μsec at −40 mV (at 18°C). Values of the time constant for the inactivation of the sodium conductance were also fitted using a bell-shaped curve with a maximum under 7 msec at −70 mV. The effects of membrane potential on the fraction of Na channels available for activation studied using double pulse protocols suggest that hyperpolarizing potentials more negative than −100 mV lock a fraction of the Na channels in a closed conformation.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 84 (1985), S. 117-126 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: giant axon ; potassium channel ; crab axon ; K-channel selectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Permeability ratios for pairs of monovalent cations permeating the two potassium systems proposed for the giant axon of the crabCarcinus maenas (M. E. Quinta-Ferreira, E. Rojas & N. Arispe,J. Membrane Biol. 66:171–181, 1982b) were estimated from measurements of the reversal potential of the currents under voltage-clamp conditions. With K+ inside the axon, permeability ratios from the reversal potential of the currents through the late channel are:P Rb/P K=0.9, $$P_{NH_4 } $$ /P K〈0.2 andP Cs/P K=0.18. With Cs+ inside the ratios are:P K/P Cs=8.7,P Rb/P Cs=7.1 and $$P_{NH_4 } $$ /P Cs=2.4. The analysis of the inward currents carried by Rb+ or NH 4 + showed similar reversal potentials for the early transient component and the late sustained component. Whence, the sequence of permeabilities for the two types of potassium channels is:P K〉P Rb〉 $$P_{NH_4 } $$ 〉P Na=P Cs. The time constants for the activation of the two components recorded either in K-, Rb-, or NH4-artificial seawater are twice as large as the corresponding time constants measured in Na-artificial seawater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 84 (1985), S. 127-135 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: giant axon ; potassium channel ; potassium gating ; potassium inactivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Measurements were made of the kinetic and steady-state characteristics of the potassium conductance in the giant axon of the crabsCarcinus maenas andCancer pagirus. The conductance increase during depolarizing voltage-clamp pulses was analyzed assuming that two separate types of potassium channels exist in these axons (M. E. Quinta-Ferreira, E. Rojas and N. Arispe,J. Membrane Biol. 66:171–181, 1982). It is shown here that, with small concentrations of conventional K+-channel blockers, it is possible to differentially inhibit these channels. The potassium channels with activation and fast inactivation gating (m3h, Hodgkin-Huxley kinetics) were blocked by external application of 4 amino-pyridine (4-AP). The potassium channels with standard gating (n4, Hodgkin-Huxley kinetics) were preferentially inhibited by externally applied tetraethylammonium (TEA). The differential blockage of the two types of potassium conductance changes suggests that they represent two different populations of potassium channels. It is further shown here that blocking the early transient conductance increase leads to the inhibition of the repetitive electrical activity induced by constant depolarizing current injection in fibers fromCardisoma guanhumi.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applicable algebra in engineering, communication and computing 7 (1996), S. 133-162 
    ISSN: 1432-0622
    Keywords: Keywords: Term Rewriting ; Termination ; Ordinals.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract.  We investigate proving termination of term rewriting systems by a compositional interpretation of terms in a total well-founded order. This kind of termination is called total termination. Equivalently total termination can be characterized by the existence of an order on ground terms which is total, wellfounded and closed under contexts. For finite signatures, total termination implies simple termination. The converse does not hold. However, total termination generalizes most of the usual techniques for proving termination (including the well-known recursive path order). It turns out that for this kind of termination the only interesting orders below ɛ0 are built from the natural numbers by lexicographic product and the multiset construction. By examples we show that both constructions are essential. Most of the techniques used are based on ordinal arithmetic.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 225-227 (July 1996), p. 769-774 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 179-181 (Feb. 1995), p. 449-454 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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