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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dislocation densities, surface morphology, and strain of Ga1−xInxAs/GaAs epitaxial interfaces as a function of indium composition and layer thickness have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy, medium energy ion blocking, and double-crystal x-ray diffractometry. The electron microscopy shows that in the thinnest dislocated films (90 and 160 nm, x=0.07) 60° α dislocations form first in one 〈110〉 direction at the interface. Surprisingly, however, an asymmetry in residual layer strain is not detected in these samples, suggesting that the dislocations have the same Burgers vector or are evenly distributed between two Burgers vectors. Orthogonal arrays of dislocations are observed in films thicker than 300 nm (60° and edge-type, x=0.07). In this case, dislocation densities in each 〈110〉 direction are equal to within experimental error while an asymmetry in in-plane strain is measured (18% and 30% for x=0.07, 300, and 580 nm thick, respectively). An unequal distribution of Burgers vectors of 60° or edge-type dislocations is considered responsible for the strain asymmetry in these thicker samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 1806-1810 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A scanning tunneling microscope capable of operating at low temperatures, T=400 mK, and in high magnetic fields, B=8 T, is described. Accompanying electronics, under the control of an IBM PC/AT, provide routine spatially resolved spectroscopy, allowing characterization of properties such as superconducting energy gaps and local density of states on the surface. Data are presented to illustrate the usefulness of spatially resolved spectroscopy at low temperatures and in high magnetic fields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 4815-4823 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is used to study lattice matched InGaAs/InP quantum well (QW) intermixing induced by ion implantation and thermal annealing. Different strain development in QWs (determined by STM topography of elastic relaxation in cross sectionally cleaved samples) is found to be dependent upon the range of the implanted ions relative to the QWs. It is found that the quantum wells remain latticed matched to the barrier layers after intermixing when ions are implanted through the multiple quantum well (MQW) stack. A shallow implantation in which ions are implanted into the cap layer above the MQW stack leads to tensilely strained wells and compressively strained interfaces between wells and barriers. The strain development in the latter case is attributed to different degrees of interdiffusion on the group III and group V sublattices. Finite element elastic computations are used to extract the group V and group III interdiffusion length ratio, and results using different diffusion models are compared. A preferred group V interdiffusion in the case of shallow implantation is explained in terms of faster diffusing P related defects compared to In related defects. Images of as-grown QWs provide useful information about the growth technique related compositional fluctuations at the interfaces. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 25 (1995), S. 547-600 
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 89-96 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXD) permits the direct measurement of in-plane lattice parameters of SiGe films that are too thin to yield good results from normal-geometry triple-axis techniques. A unique "X''-shaped pattern has been seen in H–K reciprocal space maps of diffracted x-ray intensity from SiGe films that have relaxed via a modified Frank–Read mechanism. Contours of intensity are seen along the 〈110〉 directions from the (4¯00) reciprocal lattice peak with the introduction of the first dislocations. For higher dislocation densities the X-shaped contours are anisotropically distorted and a satellite peak, corresponding to the lattice parameter for a partially relaxed film, becomes identifiable at lower H. In contrast, H–K reciprocal-space contours from thin SiGe films that have relaxed by roughening and subsequent random nucleation of dislocations display broad, oval-shaped contours centered at the (4¯00) reciprocal lattice point for the film. Numeric simulations of GIXD from a variety of dislocation arrangements were performed in order to understand the origin of the X pattern. We show that this pattern arises from an array of long misfit dislocations running in the 〈110〉 directions. The anisotropic distortion of the X pattern arises at higher dislocation densities from orthogonal intersections of dislocations with equal Burgers vector, which are characteristic of dislocation networks generated by the modified Frank–Read mechanism. We also verify that the measured values of the in-plane lattice parameter, together with the out-of-plane lattice parameter determined from the symmetric (004) reflection, lead to accurate calculation of the composition and strain in these SiGe layers. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 6091-6097 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Computations of scattering rates from strain variations in high-mobility n-channel Si/SiGe heterostructures are presented, and the results compared with experiment. Two sources of strain variation are considered—interface roughness and misfit dislocations—both of which form to relieve strain in the Si channel layer which is under tension. Strain variations induced by interface roughness are demonstrated to provide a source of scattering which, for highly strained systems of the type considered here, is significantly larger than conventional geometrical roughness scattering. Misfit dislocations provide a source of localized scattering centers, and an appropriate formalism is developed to describe this case. For both types of scattering, reasonable agreement with measured mobilities is found for various values of channel thickness. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 808-810 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnesium incorporation during the molecular-beam epitaxy growth of wurtzite GaN is found to invert the Ga-polar (0001) face to the N-polar face. The polarity is identified based on the two different sets of reconstructions seen on the film prior to and after about 1 monolayer Mg exposure. The inversion boundary is seen to lie on the (0001) plane from transmission electron microscopy images, and a structural model is presented for the inversion. On the Ga-polar face, Mg is also seen to stabilize growth in the N-rich regime. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 79-81 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy is used to study InGaAs/InP quantum-well intermixing produced by phosphorus implantation. When phosphorus ions are implanted in a cap layer in front of the quantum wells (in contrast to earlier work involving implantation through the wells), clear strain development is observed at the interfaces between quantum well and barrier layers after annealing. This is interpreted in terms of enhanced group-V compared to group-III interdiffusion. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 1439-1441 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Scanning tunneling microscopy is used to study low temperature grown (LTG) InGaAs with and without Be doping. The Be-doped material is observed to contain significantly fewer AsGa antisite defects than the undoped material, with no evidence found for Be–As complexes. Annealing of the LTG-InGaAs forms precipitates preferentially in the undoped material. The previously observed dependence of the optical response time on Be doping and annealing is attributed to changes in the As antisite concentration and the compensation effect of the Be. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 3428-3430 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: GaN films are grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy on SiC substrates. The width of the x-ray rocking curve for the (101¯2) reflection exhibits a distinct minimum for Ga/N flux ratios which are only slightly greater than unity. Correlated with this minimum, the surface morphology is somewhat rough, with a hill and valley topography. Based on transmission electron micrographs, the reduction in rocking curve width is attributed to enhanced annihilation of edge dislocations due to their tendency to cluster at topographic valleys. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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