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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of drying rate curves on sintered spheres of glass beads in superheated steam under vacuum (1990)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry research 29 (1990), S. 614-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00100a018
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of Plasminogen Activator by High Density Culture of Mammalian Kidney Cells (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 613 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb18260.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High albumin production by multicellular spheroids of adult rat hepatocytes formed in the pores of polyurethane foam (1991)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 36 (1991), S. 324-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Adult rat hepatocytes formed spherical multicellular aggregates (spheroids) when they were cultured in the pores of polyurethane foam (PUF). The diameter of the spheroids was within the range 100–200 μm. These spheroids partly attached and immobilized in the PUF pores for at least 2 weeks. The albumin production rate by the spheroids increased up to 17.0 μg/106 nuclei per day during the first 6 days and maintained at a high level for 2 weeks. In contrast, the albumin production rate by the monolayer markedly decreased after 3 days. The spheroid culture using PUF seems to be a convenient and simple method for maintaining some differentiated functions of hepatocytes and for making a bioreactor using the function of spheroids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00208150
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High density culture of anchorage-dependent animal cells by polyurethane foam packed-bed culture systems (1991)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 35 (1991), S. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Monkey kidney cells (Vero) and Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) attached to the internal surface of polyurethane foam (PUF) and grew to a high cell density (1.1 × 108 cells/cm3 PUF and 4.2 × 107 cells/cm3 PUF, respectively) in a PUF-plates packed-bed culture system. This density of Vero cells was twice that obtained previously with a PUF-particles packed-bed culture system. A maximum cell density of 6.7 × 107 cells/cm3 culture vessel volume was obtained in a PUF-disc packed-bed culture of Vero cells. From the cell density of CHO-K1, growing in a monolayer on the surface of PUF and a petri dish, per bulk volume of PUF, we estimated that a surface area to volume ratio of PUF plates effective for cell growth was about 109 cm2/cm3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184680
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anchorage-dependent mammalian cell culture using polyurethane foam as a new substratum for cell attachment (1990)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 33 (1990), S. 287-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Anchorage-dependent mammalian cells were cultivated at high cell density in a novel culture system using polyurethane foam (PUF) as a substratum for cell attachment. PUF has a macroporous structure giving a high surface area to volume ratio. Monkey kidney cells (Vero) and Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) attached to the internal surface of PUF and grew to a high cell density (1.04 × 108 cells/ cm3 PUF and 3.5 × 107 cells/ cm3 PUF, respectively) in PUF stationary cultures. In addition, we have designed a PUF-particle packed-bed culture system for high density mass cell culture. A maximum cell density of 2.4 × 107 cells/cm3 culture vessel volume was obtained in a packed-bed culture of Vero cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164523
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The formation of a spheroid of primary hepatocytes and the expression of liver-specific functions depend on the characteristics of polyurethane foam (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of artificial organs 1 (1998), S. 83-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-0904
    Keywords: Hepatocytes spheroid ; Polyurethane foam ; Primary hepatocyte ; Rapid spheroid formation ; Contact angle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Rapid formation of spherical multicellular aggregates (spheroids) of hepatocytes and expression of liver-specific functions are important in developing a hybrid artificial liver. The relation between these points and the surface characteristics of the culture substratum are investigated in this article. Polyurethane foam (PUF) was used as a culture substratum for hepatocytes. Rat, dog, and porcine primary hepatocytes spontaneously formed a spheroid within 1.5 days in the pores of a hydrophilic PUF with a contact angle of 53.4±2.7°. Rat and dog primary hepatocytes formed a spheroid within 3 and 7 days of culture, respectively, in hydrophobic PUF with a contact angle of about 100°. The rates of albumin secretion and ammonia metabolism at 5 days of culture of porcine hepatocytes were 31 μg of albumin/106 nuclei/day and 0.018 μmol of NH3/106 nuclei/h, respectively, about 2 times higher than the values with hydrophobic PUF. It is very important to control the hydrophilicity of the PUF surface to develop an effective artificial liver module.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02479990
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prolonged lidocaine metabolizing activity of primary hepatocytes with spheroid culture using polyurethane foam as a culture substratum (1997)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 24 (1997), S. 235-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: drug metabolism simulator ; lidocaine/MEGX ; monolayer culture ; polyurethane foam ; rat hepatocytes ; spheroid culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Primary rat hepatocytes formed spheroids in the pores of polyurethane foam (PUF) used as a culture substratum. The hepatocytes in monolayer and spheroid stationary culture converted lidocaine to monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) which was N-deethylation of lidocaine. The metabolic activity of the hepatocytes/spheroid stationary culture system was 1.5∼2.0-fold higher than that of monolayer culture for 10 days. The activity of albumin production and cell survival of hepatocytes in monolayer and spheroid cultures decrease due to lidocaine treatment dependend on the lidocaine concentration, but the activity and cell survival in PUF/spheroid stationary culture were maintained at a higher level than that in monolayer culture under the lidocaine treatment. We developed a device for an in vitro liver model, drug metabolism simulator (DMS), using a PUF/spheroid packed-bed module including 4.00 ± 0.68 × 107 hepatocytes and analyzed pharmacokinetics of lidocaine in a one-compartment model. Lidocaine clearance and extraction ratio of hepatocytes in the DMS corresponded to 1.354 ± 0.318 ml/min/g-liver and 0.677 ± 0.0159/g-liver, respectively (N=4). These values were comparable with in vivo values, 1.930 ml/min g-liver and 0.965/g-liver reported by Nyberg (1977). Consequently, PUF/spheroid culture maintained high lidocaine metabolizing activity over a long term and seems to provide a promising culture system as a drug metabolism simulator which will be used for drug screening, cytotoxicity tests and prediction of pharmacokinetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007935016223
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of porcine hepatocyte spherical multicellular aggregates (spheroids) and analysis of drug metabolic functions (1999)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 31 (1999), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: acetaminophen metabolism ; lidocaine metabolism ; monolayer culture ; polyurethane foam ; porcine hepatocytes ; spheroid culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Porcine hepatocytes are used in the hybrid artificial liver support system that we are developing because of their high level of liver functions in vitro and because human hepatocytes can not be used in Japan for ethical reasons. Spherical multicellular aggregates or spheroids have been found to be effective in vitro for long-term maintenance of liver functions. Therefore, we formed spherical multicellular aggregates (spheroids) of primary porcine hepatocytes using a polyurethane foam (PUF) as a culture substratum and analyzed their drug metabolic functions in vitro. Primary porcine hepatocytes inoculated into the pores of a flat PUF plate (25 × 25 × 1 mm), spontaneously formed spheroids within the range of 100 to 150 μm in diameter 24 to 36 h after inoculation. The formed spheroids were attached to the bottom surface of the PUF pores, and their morphology and viability were maintained for more than 12 days. The P-450 activity in the spheroids of porcine hepatocytes was demonstrated by detecting production of monoethylglycinexylidide from lidocaine. In addition, the conjugation enzyme activity was demonstrated by detecting glucuronidation and sulfation of acetaminophen. These activities were maintained for 12 days at a level twice as high as in the monolayer culture. This result shows that the porcine hepatocyte spheroids formed by using PUF can maintain the drug metabolic functions important in a hybrid artificial liver device. Consequently, culturing porcine hepatocyte spheroids using PUF seems to be promising for development of a hybrid artificial liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008040726236
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of cylindrical multicellular aggregate (cylindroid) and expression of liver specific functions of primary rat hepatocytes (1999)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 31 (1999), S. 69-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: multicellular aggregate ; polyurethane foam ; primary culture ; rat hepatocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract In our studies of the development of a hybrid artificial liver, we investigated the formation of cylindrical multicellular aggregate (cylindroid) of primary rat hepatocytes on a pressed sheet of polyurethane foam (pressed–PUF) as a culture substratum. Hepatocytes formed cylindroids by attaching to a pressed–PUF surface, peeling off from the surface and aggregating. The diameter and length of most cylindroids were approximately 200–500 μm and 500 μm–2 mm, respectively. The activities of liver specific functions (albumin secretion and ammonia metabolism) of hepatocyte cylindroids were equivalent to or higher than those of hepatocyte spheroids. These results suggest that hepatocyte cylindroids can maintain highly differentiated functions longer than hepatocyte spheroids, and that a PUF/cylindroid culture may be effective to develop of a hybrid artificial liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008092710307
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vitronectin enhances adhesion force and t-PA production of weakly adherent 293 cells exposed to a shear stress (2000)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 32 (2000), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: 293 cells ; adhesion ; microspike ; shearstress ; tissue plasminogen activator ; vitronectin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of shear stress on the adhesion andproductivity of 293 cells were studied quantitativelyand compared with those of Vero and human liver cells.These cells were cultured in polystyrene dishes byusing shear stress exposing equipment. 50% of 293cells cultured in 2% FBS supplemented medium detachedfrom the dish after 29 h of exposure to a shear stressof 0.10 Pa. On the other hand, 90% of Vero and humanliver cells remained on the dish under the samecondition. Observations with scanning electronmicroscopy about cell adhesion plaques on the surfaceof the dish showed that the area covered withlamellipodia and the number of microspikes for 293cells were found to be less than those of the othercell lines. Several attachment factors, especiallyvitronectin, were found to enhance the number ofmicrospikes and the adhesion force of 293 cells.Almost 100% of 293 cells remained on thevitronectin-coated dish after 40 h under 0.10 Pa ofshear stress. A higher shear stress (greater than 0.10Pa) caused a decrease in tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA) productivity of 293 cells. But 0.03 Pastimulated the t-PA secretion on the non-coated dish.Vitronectin also enhanced the t-PA secretion evenunder 0.10 Pa. These results indicate that theadhesion force of 293 cells is obviously weaker thanthat of the other cell lines, and vitronectin enhancesthe adhesion force and the productivity of 293 cellsexposed to a shear stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008140632747
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