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  • 1
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    Closing the cohesin ring: structure and function of its Smc3-kleisin interface (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-22
    Description: Through their association with a kleisin subunit (Scc1), cohesin's Smc1 and Smc3 subunits are thought to form tripartite rings that mediate sister chromatid cohesion. Unlike the structure of Smc1/Smc3 and Smc1/Scc1 interfaces, that of Smc3/Scc1 is not known. Disconnection of this interface is thought to release cohesin from chromosomes in a process regulated by acetylation. We show here that the N-terminal domain of yeast Scc1 contains two alpha helices, forming a four-helix bundle with the coiled coil emerging from Smc3's adenosine triphosphatase head. Mutations affecting this interaction compromise cohesin's association with chromosomes. The interface is far from Smc3 residues, whose acetylation prevents cohesin's dissociation from chromosomes. Cohesin complexes holding chromatids together in vivo do indeed have the configuration of hetero-trimeric rings, and sister DNAs are entrapped within these.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4300515/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4300515/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gligoris, Thomas G -- Scheinost, Johanna C -- Burmann, Frank -- Petela, Naomi -- Chan, Kok-Lung -- Uluocak, Pelin -- Beckouet, Frederic -- Gruber, Stephan -- Nasmyth, Kim -- Lowe, Jan -- 091859/Z/10/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095514/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095514/Z/11/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- C573/A 12386/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- C573/A11625/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U105184326/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U10518432/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 21;346(6212):963-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1256917.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK. ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Biochemie, 82152, Martinsried, Germany. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK. Medical Research Council (MRC) Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK. Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RF, UK. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK. kim.nasmyth@bioch.ox.ac.uk jyl@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk. ; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK. kim.nasmyth@bioch.ox.ac.uk jyl@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25414305" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/*chemistry/genetics ; Conserved Sequence ; Cross-Linking Reagents/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/chemistry ; Mutation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Full sphere dynamos as a model for paleomagnetic field (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
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    Publication Date: 2023-06-16
    Description: While the Earth's magnetic field exists since 4 Gyr, the Earth's inner core is much younger with most recent estimates for the start of inner core formation ranging from 1Gyr to 500Myr. Consequently, for most of the time since its existence, the relevant geometry for the geodynamo problem in the Earth's is rather a full sphere than a spherical shell. Although, numerical studies of full sphere dynamos are critical for the understanding of the paleo-magnetic field, such studies are rare in literature, partly due to the numerical difficulty of resolving the singularity at the center of the sphere. Here, we present numerical simulations using a fully spectral method where a careful choice of smooth radial basis functions allows us to compute dynamos in a whole sphere, representative of the geomagnetic field prior to the formation of the inner core. To characterize the system, we systematically vary three control parameters of the system, the Ekman number E (ratio of viscous to Coriolis forces), the magnetic Prandtl number Pm (ratio of viscous diffusivity and magnetic diffusivity) and the Rayleigh number Ra (strength of the convective forcing). The outcome of the numerical simulations is analyzed with a particular focus on magnetic field morphology and field strength. In comparison to spherical shell dynamos, we find a smaller regime for dipolar solutions (in Ra and Pm) and a larger Pm is needed to establish dynamos. Finally we derive scaling laws that should eventually allow a comparison of our dynamos to paleo-magnetic data.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 3
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    Expressions of Ekman pumping in spherical, 3-D, rotating convection: A path to reality (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-13
    Description: As part of our development of the 3-D inviscid dynamo, a parametrised representation of the Ekman puming that takes place between a no-slip boundary and the interior free stream is needed. Of course the actual result is classical, going back more than a century. We derive relevant spectral domain expressions for the toroidal-poloidal coupling formulae, appropriate for 3-D convection with a spherical boundary, that we expect to be asymptotically accurate as the viscosity is reduced. Testing of such a representation of the physics has taken place previously in the case of Rayleigh-Benard convection with plane parallel boundaries, with encouraging correspondence between the asymptotic representation and full direct numerical simulations. In this presentation we show preliminary tests of the correspondence in a spherical geometry, paving the way to capturing the Earth's core convection in the correct physical regime.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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