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  • 1
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    An aerodynamic performance analysis of a perforated wind turbine blade (2016)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-01
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 2
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    One-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of electrostatic Bernstein waves in plasmas with kappa velocity distributions (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-14
    Description: Electrostatic Bernstein waves that propagate exactly perpendicularly to a static magnetic field in an electron-ion plasma are investigated using one-and-two-halves dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. An ion-to-electron mass ratio of m i / m e  = 100 is used, allowing sufficient separation of the electron and ion time scales while still accounting for the ion dynamics without resorting to exceptionally long simulation run times. As a consequence of the mass ratio used, both the high frequency electron Bernstein wave and the lower frequency ion Bernstein wave are resolved within a single simulation run. The simulations presented here use isotropic three-dimensional kappa velocity distributions as well as the widely used Maxwellian velocity distribution, and the results from using each of these velocity distributions are analysed and compared. The behaviour of the Bernstein waves is found to be significantly dependent on the spectral index, κ , of the kappa distribution in all frequency domains of the Bernstein waves. In both the Maxwellian and kappa cases, spectral analysis of the electric field (wave) intensities, as a function of ω and k , show very good agreement between the simulation results and the linear dispersion relation for Bernstein waves. This agreement serves to validate the simulation techniques used, as well as the theory of Bernstein waves in plasmas with a kappa velocity distribution. The intensity of the field fluctuations in the simulations containing an abundance of superthermal particles, i.e., where the plasma has a kappa velocity distribution with a low kappa index, is slightly higher compared to the simulations of plasmas with higher kappa values. The plasmas with low kappa values also exhibit a broader region in frequency space of high intensity field fluctuations.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Cycle Engine Modelling Of Spark Ignition Engine Processes during Wide-Open Throttle (WOT) Engine Operation Running By Gasoline Fuel (2012)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2012-09-19
    Description: One-dimensional engine model is developed to simulate spark ignition engine processes in a 4-stroke, 4 cylinders gasoline engine. Physically, the baseline engine is inline cylinder engine with 3-valves per cylinder. Currently, the engine's mixture is formed by external mixture formation using piston-type carburettor. The model of the engine is based on one-dimensional equation of the gas exchange process, isentropic compression and expansion, progressive engine combustion process, and accounting for the heat transfer and frictional losses as well as the effect of valves overlapping. The model is tested for 2000, 3000 and 4000 rpm of engine speed and validated using experimental engine data. Results showed that the engine is able to simulate engine's combustion process and produce reasonable prediction. However, by comparing with experimental data, major discrepancy is noticeable especially on the 2000 and 4000 rpm prediction. At low and high engine speed, simulated cylinder pres...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 4
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    Hepatitis B virus X protein identifies the Smc5/6 complex as a host restriction factor (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-18
    Description: Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is a leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis B virus encodes the regulatory HBx protein whose primary role is to promote transcription of the viral genome, which persists as an extrachromosomal DNA circle in infected cells. HBx accomplishes this task by an unusual mechanism, enhancing transcription only from extrachromosomal DNA templates. Here we show that HBx achieves this by hijacking the cellular DDB1-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase to target the 'structural maintenance of chromosomes' (Smc) complex Smc5/6 for degradation. Blocking this event inhibits the stimulatory effect of HBx both on extrachromosomal reporter genes and on hepatitis B virus transcription. Conversely, silencing the Smc5/6 complex enhances extrachromosomal reporter gene transcription in the absence of HBx, restores replication of an HBx-deficient hepatitis B virus, and rescues wild-type hepatitis B virus in a DDB1-knockdown background. The Smc5/6 complex associates with extrachromosomal reporters and the hepatitis B virus genome, suggesting a direct mechanism of transcriptional inhibition. These results uncover a novel role for the Smc5/6 complex as a restriction factor selectively blocking extrachromosomal DNA transcription. By destroying this complex, HBx relieves the inhibition to allow productive hepatitis B virus gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Decorsiere, Adrien -- Mueller, Henrik -- van Breugel, Pieter C -- Abdul, Fabien -- Gerossier, Laetitia -- Beran, Rudolf K -- Livingston, Christine M -- Niu, Congrong -- Fletcher, Simon P -- Hantz, Olivier -- Strubin, Michel -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 17;531(7594):386-9. doi: 10.1038/nature17170.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre (C.M.U.), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. ; CRCL, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Universite de Lyon, 151, Cours A Thomas, 69424 Lyon Cedex, France. ; Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26983541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism ; Genes, Reporter ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; Hepatitis B/virology ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics/*physiology ; Hepatocytes/virology ; *Host Specificity ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism/virology ; Male ; Mice ; Plasmids/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Proteolysis ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Two dimensional numerical analysis of aerodynamic characteristics for rotating cylinder on concentrated air flow (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-02
    Description: Over the years, many studies have demonstrated the feasibility of the Magnus effect on spinning cylinder to improve lift production, which can be much higher than the traditional airfoil shape. With this characteristic, spinning cylinder might be used as a lifting device for short take-off distance aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Nonetheless, there is still a gap in research to explain the use of spinning cylinder as a good lifting device. Computational method is used for this study to analyse the Magnus effect, in which two-dimensional finite element numerical analysis method is applied using ANSYS FLUENT software to examine the coefficients of lift and drag, and to investigate the flow field around the rotating cylinder surface body. Cylinder size of 30mm is chosen and several configurations in steady and concentrated air flows have been evaluated. All in all, it can be concluded that, with the right configuration of the concentrated air flow setup, the rotating cyl...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 6
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    Coandă configured aircraft: A preliminary analytical assessment (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2017-12-02
    Description: The interest in the use of flow control for enhanced aerodynamic performance has grown, particularly in the use of jets (continuous, synthetic, pulsed, etc.), compliant surface, vortex-cell, and others. It has been widely documented that these active control concepts can dramatically alter the behaviour of aerodynamic components like airfoils, wings and bodies. In this conjunction, with the present demands of low-cost and efficient flights, the use of Coandă effect as a lift enhancer has attracted a lot of interest. Tangential jets that take advantage of the Coandă effect to closely follow the contours of the body have been considered to be simple and particularly effective. For this case, a large mass of surrounding air can be entrained, hence amplifying the circulation. In an effort to optimize the aerodynamic performance of an aircraft, such effect will be critically reviewed by taking advantage of recent progress. For this purpose, in this study, the design of a Coandă-confi...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 7
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    Excessive Reactive Oxygen Species and Exotic DNA Lesions as an Exploitable Liability (2016)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-14
    Description: Biochemistry DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00703
    Print ISSN: 0006-2960
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-4995
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 8
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    Conceptual design for transmission line inspection robot (2013)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-18
    Description: Power transmission line is used for power distribution purposes due to their cost effective measure compared to underlying cable. However, prolonged exposure to natural weather may cause fatigue stress to the lines as well as induce material failure. Therefore, periodical line inspection is considered uttermost important as a preventive measure to avoid power outage. However, transmission line inspection has always been a high risk and expensive work. Hazardous works that may harm operator as well as routine that requires precise handling can be performed by robots. Various types of robots have been designed and developed for line inspection but only perform well on a straight and continuous line. As these robots encounter an obstacle during the inspection, then the real problem in terms of robot stability and smooth operation arises. In this paper, conceptual design and evaluation for transmission line inspection robot is presented. The inspection robot mobile robot must be abl...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 9
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    Dynamic indoor thermal comfort model identification based on neural computing PMV index (2013)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-18
    Description: This paper focuses on modelling and simulation of building dynamic thermal comfort control for non-linear HVAC system. Thermal comfort in general refers to temperature and also humidity. However in reality, temperature or humidity is just one of the factors affecting the thermal comfort but not the main measures. Besides, as HVAC control system has the characteristic of time delay, large inertia, and highly nonlinear behaviour, it is difficult to determine the thermal comfort sensation accurately if we use traditional Fanger's PMV index. Hence, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been introduced due to its ability to approximate any nonlinear mapping. Using ANN to train, we can get the input-output mapping of HVAC control system or in other word; we can propose a practical approach to identify thermal comfort of a building. Simulations were carried out to validate and verify the proposed method. Results show that the proposed ANN method can track down the desired thermal sensati...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 10
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    An overview of horizontal-axis Magnus wind turbines (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-27
    Description: Magnus force shows extraordinary results in producing lift force, hence gives rise to its application. One of the applications is by replacing airfoil-shaped blades of wind turbine with the rotating cylinder blades. This is known as Magnus Wind Turbine (MWT), where it generates lift force on the rotating cylinder that perpendicular to the incoming wind flows. Due to high consumption of fossil fuel, natural gas and coal that risk our and earth health. Thus to overcome this conundrum, MWT is one of the innovative approaches to harvest the low wind speed energy. This paper presents an overview of the horizontal-axis MWT state-of-the-art.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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