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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Glutamatdehydrogenase in Extrakten von differenzierenden Mikroplasmodien bildet unter den Bedingungen der CsCl-Gleichgewichts-Sedimentation eine symmetrische Bande mit der Dichte ϱ 25=1,2788. Wenn die Induktion der Sphärulation in einem Medium erfolgt, dem eine Mischung deuterierter Aminosäuren zugegeben wurde, hat das Enzym eine höhere Dichte, ϱ 25=1,2962. Dieses deutet auf eine de novo Synthesis von Glutamatdehydrogenase während der Differenzierung hin. Experimente mit Actinomycin-C und Cycloheximid lassen vermuten, daß diese de novo Synthese über eine Transcription und Translation gesteuert wird.
    Notes: Summary Under conditions of CsCl-equilibrium sedimentation, glutamate dehydrogenase in extracts made from spherulating Physarum microplasmodia forms a symmetrical band with a buoyant density of ϱ 25=1.2788. When a mixture of deuterated amino acids is present in the salts medium during spherulation, the density shifts to ϱ 25=1.2962, indicating de novo synthesis of this enzyme. Experiments with actinomycin-C and cycloheximide suggest that this de novo synthesis is subject to transcriptional and translational control.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology 21 (1970), S. 193-214 
    ISSN: 0066-4294
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Plant Science 93 (1993), S. 19-23 
    ISSN: 0168-9452
    Keywords: 1,3-β-d-Glucanase ; Acer pseudoplatanus ; Callose ; Fraxinus excelsior ; Salix caprea ; Spring reactivation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 279-294 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Apoplast ; Companion cell-sieve tube complex ; Leaf structure ; Phloem loading ; Sieve tubes ; Symplast ; Vascular bundle ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Small and intermediate (longitudinal) vascular bundles of the Zea mays leaf are surrounded by chlorenchymatous bundle sheaths and consist of one or two vessels, variable numbers of vascular parenchyma cells, and two or more sieve tubes some of which are associated with companion cells. Sieve tubes not associated with companion cells have relatively thick walls and commonly are in direct contact with the vessels. The thick-walled sieve tubes have abundant cytoplasmic connections with contiguous vascular parenchyma cells; in contrast, connections between vascular parenchyma cells and thin-walled sieve tubes are rare. Connections are abundant, however, between the thin-walled sieve tubes and their companion cells; the latter have few connections with the vascular parenchyma cells. Plasmolytic studies on leaves of plants taken directly from lighted growth chambers gave osmotic potential values of about-18 bars for the companion cells and thin-walled sieve tubes (the companion cell-sieve tube complexes) and about-11 bars for the vascular parenchyma cells. Judging from the distribution of connections between various cell types of the vascular bundles and from the osmotic potential values of those cell types, it appears that sugar is actively accumulated from the apoplast by the companion cell-sieve tube complex, probably across the plasmalemma of the companion cell. The thick-walled sieve tubes, with their close spatial association with the vessels and possession of plasmalemma tubules, may play a role in retrieval of solutes entering the leaf apoplast in the transpiration stream. The transverse veins have chlorenchymatous bundle sheaths and commonly contain a single vessel and sieve tube. Parenchymatic elements may or may not be present. Like the thick-walled sieve tubes of the longitudinal bundles, the sieve tubes of the transverse veins have plasmalemma tubules, indicating that they too may play a role in retrieval of solutes entering the leaf apoplast in the transpiration stream.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 78 (1967), S. 144-157 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Vicia faba-Pflanzen, die über das 1. Primärblatt mit Indolylessigsäure (IES) versorgt werden, reagieren mit einer Krümmung des Stengels, die offensichtlich durch einseitige Verlagerung des Wuchsstoffes verursacht wird. 2. Die Geschwindigkeit des Wuchsstofftransportes zum Ort der Krümmung liegt in der Größenordnung des Siebröhrentransportes. 3. Radioaktiv markierte IES-2-14C wandert in der Pflanze akropetal und basipetal; ausgewachsene Blätter importieren kein radioaktives Material. 4. Im Extrakt von Stengel und Wurzeln der mit einem Gemisch aus IES-2-14C und anderen markierten Indolderivaten behandelten Pflanzen sind markierte IES und zwei weitere markierte Substanzen vorhanden, die in der Originallösung nicht enthalten waren. Von diesen ist eine wahrscheinlich mit N-(Indolyl-3-acetyl) asparaginsäure identisch. Beide Stoffe sind wasserlöslich und liefern bei der Hydrolyse markierte IES. 5. Blattläuse, die am Stengel einer mit IES-2-14C behandelten Pflanze saugen, produzieren Honigtau, in dem IES als einzige markierte Substanz enthalten ist. 6. Die beiden anderen Extraktstoffe werden im Darmkanal der Blattläuse nicht gespalten. Dies konnte durch den Diättest, bei dem die Blattläuse künstlich ernährt werden, nachgewiesen werden. Es zeigte sich ferner, daß die beiden markierten Extraktstoffe immobil sind und nicht in die Siebröhren aufgenommen werden. 7. Die Versuche zeigen, daß von den angebotenen Indolderivaten nur IES in die Siebröhren aufgenommen und transportiert wird. Der Transport erfolgt basipetal und akropetal.
    Notes: Summary Young plants of Vicia faba fed through the first primary leaf with a 5\10-3 mol solution of indolylacetic acid (IAA) show a bending of the stem above the treated leaf after a certain amount of time. The movement of the growth substance is several times faster than it is in the parenchyma. Some hours later, the stem growths upright again. When labeled IAA [indolyl-3-(acetic acid-2-14C)] is used, the autoradiographs of the plants show labeled material in the stem, in roots, and in the youngest leaves; older leaves do not incorporate labeled material. The distribution pattern is similar when the tracer is applied to the third primary leaf. The extract of the stem contains labeled IAA and 2 water-soluble derivates of IAA. Upon hydrolysis with HCl the latter yield labeled IAA. One of these substances seems to be indolylacetyl-aspartic acid. Aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum; Neomyzus circumflexus) feeding on the stem of a plant treated with labeled IAA on the 1. primary leaf produce honey dew which contains IAA as the only labeled substance; neither of the other labeled substances found in the extract occurs in the honey dew. The possibility that the IAA of the honey dew is produced by the splitting of one or both of the unknown labeled substances of the extract could be excluded by artificial feeding of aphids on a diet solution containing those substances. Honey dew from aphids fed in this way contained both substances unchanged. These findings indicate that applied IAA moves in the sieve tubes. The other labeled IAA-derivatives of the extract are phloem-immobile; they obviously are formed in parenchyma cells.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Apoplast ; Bundle sheath ; Mesophyll ; Plasmodesmata ; Suberin lamella ; Symplast ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In leaf blades of Zea mays L. plasmodesmata between mesophyll cells are aggregated in numerous thickened portions of the walls. The plasmodesmata are unbranched and all are characterized by the presence of electron-dense structures, called sphincters by us, near both ends of the plasmodesmatal canal. The sphincters surround the desmotubule and occlude the cytoplasmic annulus where they occur. Plasmodesmata between mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells are aggregated in primary pit-fields and are constricted by a wide suberin lamella on the sheath-cell side of the wall. Each plasmodesma contains a sphincter on the mesophyll-cell side of the wall. The outer tangential and radial walls of the sheath cells exhibit a continuous suberin lamella. However, on the inner tangential wall only the sites of plasmodesmatal aggregates are consistently suberized. Apparently the movement of photosynthetic intermediates between mesophyll and sheath cells is restricted largely or entirely to the plasmodesmata (symplastic pathway) and transpirational water movement to the cell walls (apoplastic pathway).
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Apoplast ; Leaf cells ; Plasmalemma extensions ; Symplast ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Leaf tissues of Zea mays were examined with a transmission electron microscope and a high-voltage electron microscope. Tubular extensions (invaginations) of the plasmalemma were found in vascular parenchyma cells and thick-walled, lateformed sieve elements of intermediate and small veins, and in epidermal, mesophyll, and sheath cells of all leaves examined. No continuity seems to exist between the tubules and other cellular membranes.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: ATPase ; Acid phosphatase ; Cytochemistry ; Phloem loading ; Plasma membrane ; Sieve tube ; Zea leaf phosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The cytochemical localization of phosphatase activity has been carried out on small and intermediate vascular bundles and contiguous tissues of the leaf ofZea mays L. Similar localization patterns were obtained with the nucleoside triphosphates ATP, CTP, GTP, ITP, and UTP, and with ADP and β-GP. Reaction product (lead deposits) was observed on the plasma membrane of all cell types. It was invariably heavier on the plasma membranes of the bundle-sheath cells, vascular-parenchyma cells, and the thin-walled sieve tubes and their associated companion cells than on those of the mesophyll cells. Within the bundles, the heaviest lead deposits frequently were found on the plasma membranes of the thin-walled sieve tubes and the least amount (often lacking) on those of the thick-walled sieve tubes. Formation of reaction product was suppressed by NaF, vanadate, and molybdate but not by PCMBS (p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid). The results of the substrate-specificity and inhibitor-sensitivity studies indicate that a nonspecific acid phosphatase was probably responsible for the deposition of the reaction product and not the plasma membrane H+-ATPase. These results, in addition to an evaluation of the pertinent literature, lead us to conclude that H+-ATPase activity has yet to be demonstrated unequivocally in association with the plasma membrane of phloem cells with lead precipitation procedures. Nevertheless, the differences in amounts of reaction product generally associated with the plasma membranes of the thick- and thin-walled sieve tubes of the maize leaf indicate that the two types of sieve tube differ from one another physiologically.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: ATPase ; UTPase ; Electron microscopy ; Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis ; Gomphrena globosa ; Histochemistry ; Hordeum distichon ; Monstera deliciosa ; Phloem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary For the histochemical localization of nucleoside triphosphatases at the electron microscopic level, prefixed tissues were incubated with lead nitrate in addition to substrate (GOMORI reaction). While ATP and UTP as substrates gave electron-dense reaction products at the plasmalemma of sieve tubes, companion cells and phloem parenchyma cells, and at plasmodesmata in primary pitfields, AMP gave reaction products only at the tonoplast of parenchyma cells. Since electron-dense deposits also occur in cell walls and vacuoles, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis was used to distinguish between lead deposits and lead-phosphate deposits. The latter were restricted to the symplast. Among the three plant species used, the leaf bundle phloem ofHordeum distichon showed ATPase activity largely restricted to the phloem cells, except for the thickwalled sieve tubes. Some activity also bordered the chloroplasts of the bundle sheath cells. In the C4 plantGomphrena globosa, ATPase and UTPase activities appeared to be the greater in phloem parenchyma cells than in sieve tubes. In the phloem of youngMonstera deliciosa roots, ATPase occurred not only at the plasmalemma of sieve tubes, but also around sieve-tube plastids. When compared with AMP as substrate, it appears that nucleoside triphosphates are the natural substrates of the enzyme(s) in the plasmalemma of sieve tubes and phloem parenchyma cells.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1971-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-9276
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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