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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 46 (2001), S. 573-599 
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chemical strategies by which parasites manage to break into the social fortresses of ants offer a fascinating theme in chemical ecology. Semiochemicals used for interindividual nestmate recognition are also involved in the mechanisms of tolerance and association between the species, and social parasites exploit these mechanisms. The obligate parasites are odorless ("chemical insignificance") at the time of usurpation, like all other callow ants, and this "invisibility" enables their entry into the host colony. By chemical mimicry (sensu lato), they later integrate the gestalt odor of this colony ("chemical integration"). We hypothesize that host and parasite are likely to be related chemically, thereby facilitating the necessary mimicry to permit bypassing the colony odor barrier. We also review the plethora of chemical weapons used by social parasites (propaganda, appeasement, and/or repellent substances), particularly during the usurpation period, when the young mated parasite queen synthesizes these chemicals before usurpation and ceases such biosynthesis afterwards. We discuss evolutionary trends that may have led to social parasitism, focusing on the question of whether slave-making ants and their host species are expected to engage in a coevolutionary arms race.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0003-3472
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0003-3472
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Animal Behaviour 48 (1994), S. 263-271 
    ISSN: 0003-3472
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 49 (1993), S. 814-816 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Formicoxenus ; Formicidae ; reproductive competition ; dominance ; colony founding ; budding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aggressive reproductive conflicts and dominance interactions among queens are involved in establishing functional monogyny in the ant,Formicoxenus provancheri. Competition among potential reproductives may lead to the founding of new societies by budding or colony fragmentation.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 417-420 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In the artificial mixed colonies (Camponotus senex-Camponotus abdominalis, Camponotus senex-Camponotus species, Camponotus senex-Pseudomyrmex ferruginea), the results obtained before have been confirmed with other species: the probability to obtain a mixed society from adults is all the more high as the animals used are younger and the phylogenetic distance between the species faced each other is smaller. The social integration was evaluated by noting on the one hand the position of the ants in the nest and on the other the tolerance between individuals of the two species, at the food source (foraging). The homo-specific and hetero-specific relationships are quantified by noting the frequencies of the behaviours which have a direct connection with the trophallactic behaviour, brood-carrying and grooming. For theCamponotus species, the association would be of the symbiotic type as well as it would be like a social parasitism in a mixed colony which connects two subfamilies (Camponotus senex-Pseudomyrmex ferruginea).
    Notes: Resume Dans les colonies mixtes réalisées (Camponotus senex-Camponotus abdominalis, Camponotus senex-Camponotus species, Camponotus senex-Pseudomyrmex ferruginea) on confirme que la probabilité d'obtenir une société mixte à partir des adultes est d'autant plus grande que les individus utilisés sont plus jeunes et que la distance phylogénétique entre les espèces en présence est plus faible. L'intégration sociale a été évaluée en notant d'une part la position des fourmis dans le nid et d'autre part la tolérance entre les espèces, sur la source de nourriture (approvisionnement). Les relations homospécifiques et hétérospécifiques sont quantifiées en relevant la frequence des comportements ayant un rapport direct avec la distribution de nourriture, le transport du couvain et les toilettes. A l'intérieur du genreCamponotus, l'association serait du type symbiotique alors que dans une colonie mixte associant deux sous-familles (Camponotus senex-Pseudomyrmex ferruginea), elle ressemblerait plutôt à un parasitisme social.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Parasite ant ; grooming ; appeasement behaviour ; nestmate recognition ; species recognition ; polycalism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Information on the biology and the behaviour ofFormicoxenus provancheri, a parasite ofMyrmica incompleta, is presented.F. provancheri forms large polycalic societies whith each unit maintaining some independance: movements from one unit to another are not frequent and there is brood discrimination between different units. Adoption ofFormicoxenus ergates byMyrmica societies is easy, the mortality is very low among the parasites, even if the adoptiveMyrmica were previously completely parasite free. The larvae ofFormicoxenus can be eaten by the host Myrmica', this explains the necessity for theFormicoxenus to keep their brood apart from the host. Grooming of the host is very frequent. This might enable the parasite to acquire the species-specific odour of the host colony. Grooming might also be a way of obtaining some nutricious substances from the host body. Appeasement behaviour presented by theFormicoxenus is described. New small units of colonies, at the periphery of the host society, are probably founded by budding of any fecundated female leaving the nest with some ergates. This leads to the formation of super-societies by the parasite. The probleme of how the parasite spreads is not answered by this study because it was shown that newly fecundated gynes suffer strong aggression when they enter an alien host society.
    Notes: Résumé La biologie et le comportement deFormicoxenus provancheri, fourmi parasite de Myrmica incompleta, sont précisées. Cette espèce forme de grandes sociétés polycaliques où chaque unité conserve une certaine autonomie (mise en évidence par le faible taux de passage d'une unité à l'autre et la discrimination du couvain de chaque unité). L'adoption desFormicoxenus par lesMyrmica est facile et n'entraîne qu'une mortalité très faible parmi les parasites, même lorsqu'il s'agit deMyrmica totalement indemnes de parasites. Nous décrivons deux comportements importants dans les interactions entre les deux espèces: le léchage de l'hôte et le comportement d'apaisement envers l'hôte. Les larves deFormicoxenus sont consommées par l'hôteMyrmica, ce qui explique la nécessité pour lesFormicoxenus de garder leur couvain à l'écart de l'hôte. Il est probable que la formation des supercolonies s'effectue par bouturage d'une gyne (ou d'une ergate fécondée) accompagnée d'ergates, qui va fonder une nouvelle calie à la périphérie de la société hôte. Le problème de la dissémination du parasite est posé: les gynes après fécondation sont fortement agressées si on tente de les introduire dans une société étrangère.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 44 (1997), S. 189-198 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Mixed species groups, nestmate recognition, aggressive behaviour, postpharyngeal gland, Formica selysi, Manica rubida, Formicidae.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: The discriminatory ability of the ant Manica rubida was tested using mixed species groups composed of M. rubida and Formica selysi. We recorded the response of M. rubida reared in homospecific or heterospecific groups towards postpharyngeal glandular secretions (applied on a nestmate) of F. selysi that originated from various homo- or heterospecific groups. The reaction of the ants depended largely on the source of the scent applied, and tends to suggest a hierarchical system for deciphering the odour. The ants exhibited a diminishing degree of aggression that corresponded to an increase in the degree of odour familiarity. The most aggressive encounters were manifested when M. rubida ants from homospecific colonies were exposed to the glandular secretions of F. selysi ants from homospecific colonies. A lesser degree of reaction was noted when M. rubida from mixed species were tested with similar alien secretions. At the other extreme, heterospecific M. rubida ants exposed to a completely familiar signal (that of F. selysi nestmates) did not elicit any overt aggression. Intermediate reactions occurred when the secretion was only partially familiar. The introduction of completely alien elements e.g., the occurrence of alkenes and alkadienes characteristic to F. selysi but barely present in M. rubida from homospecific colonies, appeared to elicite the highest aggression. On the other hand, in M. rubida from heterospecific groups, all the signal elements were familiar but the overall composition deviated from the aquired template. We hypothesize that the deciphering of the odour may be hierarchical and that the template to which the odour is compared is acquired. Moreover, since the odour is dynamic, template plasticity must follow. Acquisition of the template is not a permanent event, but has to be reinforced via constant perception of nestmates' odours.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1993-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4754
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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