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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction between the clonal herb Trientalis europaea and the host specific smut fungus Urocystis trientalis (1990)
    Springer
    Oecologia 85 (1990), S. 238-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Trientalis europaea ; Clonal plant ; Mortality, Urocystis trientalis ; Smut fungus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The interaction between the clonal dicotyledonous herb Trientalis europaea and the systemic smut fungus Urocystis trientalis was investigated. By marking individual plants in the field and transplanting plants to the greenhouse, disease transmission and the effect of disease on survival and fecundity of plants were estimated. Field data showed that 50% of the diseased and none of the healthy plants died during summer. Surviving diseased plants produced significantly fewer winter buds than healthy plants (means ±S.E. 1.12±0.05 and 1.88±0.07, respectively). Seed capsule production was low overall and did not differ between diseased and healthy plants. Disease was not seed-transmitted and transmission from infected mother plants to daughter ramets was not total (means 33% and 46%, in two experiments). Disease transmission was also influenced by light conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319407
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meristem activity and biomass production as response mechanisms in two forest herbs (1994)
    Springer
    Oecologia 100 (1994), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Development ; Seasonal growth patterns ; Nutrient and light responses ; Actaea spicata ; Geranium sylvaticum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Actaea spicata and Geranium sylvaticum are deciduous rosette herbs, frequently coexisting in nutrient-rich forests of boreal Sweden. A. spicata is restricted to this habitat whereas G. sylvaticum has a wider ecological amplitude. To explore the different distributions of these species we studied the growth mechanisms by which they responded to nutrient and light supply. Plants raised from seeds were grown under four combinations of light and nutrient supplies and growth was followed for 20 weeks. Growth responses were measured as biomass accumulation and meristem activity, i.e. leaf development by shoot meristems. Biomass accumulation and meristem activity were affected by nutrient and light treatments. However, A. spicata responded more to nutrients, whereas G. sylvaticum responded more to light, and low resource supply shortened the time during which shoot meristems of A. spicata developed leaves without a corresponding effect on biomass accumulation. In G. sylvaticum, the periods of leaf development and biomass accumulation were the same, but a relationship between high development rates and peak allocation of biomass to shoot meristems indicated a storage function of these during leaf development. We conclude that the inflexible growth of A. spicata, mainly affected by nutrient supply, makes it less competitive in open habitats and restricts it to shaded, nutrient-rich habitats. G. sylvaticum should be more successful in habitats subjected to unpredictable disturbances, due to a flexible growth morphology and a dynamic function of meristems that buffers against variation in nutrient supply and facilitates positive light responses. Meristematic data should be included in interspecific comparisons on growth responses to different resource supplies. Unless species have the same growth mechanism, it is not satisfactory to study biomass-related traits alone, as internal constraints concerning plant development might confuse the interpretation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317127
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect and transmission of one isolate of the rust Puccinia minussensis on five clones of Lactuca sibirica (1994)
    Springer
    Oecologia 97 (1994), S. 407-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Systemic rust ; Clonal plant Epidemiology ; Host response ; Transmission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a greenhouse experiment, one isolate of the systemic rust fungus Puccinia minussensis was applied to the host clone from which it was collected and to four other clones of the host Lactuca sibirica. The plants were grown in fertilized potting compost (N+) to promote growth and in peat (N-) to hamper growth, for three growing periods during one year. The results show that the expression of host plant resistance could not be determined visually, but there were differences in effects on the clones. The rust isolate was found to produce a significantly higher percentage of diseased shoots on clone A (the clone it was taken from). Furthermore, the rust also had the strongest effect on both biomass and shoot production on clone A compared to the other four clones. The data suggest that the rust isolate is highly adapted to the clone from which it originated. We suggest that selection in this system has not favoured a benign pathogen and that similar patterns are likely to occur for plants that (i) rarely establish by seeds; (ii) have strong lateral growth; and (iii) may persist for long periods once established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317332
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density-dependent mortality in Pinus sylvestris caused by the snow blight pathogen Phacidium infestans (1992)
    Springer
    Oecologia 90 (1992), S. 74-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Density-dependence ; Pinus sylvestris-Phacidium infestans ; Epidemic development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Relationships between disease incidence and the density of host plant populations were investigated in the Pinus sylvestris-Phacidium infestans host-fungal pathogen association, in which the season of death of plants killed up to 3 years previously could be accurately determined. Significant (P〈0.05), positive density-dependent relationships between the proportion of plants dying in the winters of 1987–1988, 1988–1989 or 1989–1990 and the original stand density were detected in 12 of 26 comparisons. Of the remaining comparisons, all but three had positive regression coefficients for the same association. Plants killed up to 2 years previously contributed to inoculum production. The use of “standing dead” as a predictor in the analyses showed that the proportion of plants dying in the winters of 1988–1989 or 1989–1990 was generally better correlated with standing dead in the previous summer than with the density of the original population. Significant (P〈0.05), positive density-dependent associations were also found between the proportion of living plants in 1990 infected with P. infestans and the number of standing dead plants in all nine comparisons. In contrast, only four of the nine associations between these proportions of infected plants and population density were significant. The strength of the density-dependent relationships varied substantially within and between sites. Much of this variation appears to be due to differences in the stage of development of the epidemics occurring at different sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317811
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of H3-5-hydroxytryptophan by noradrenergic nerves in the mouse pancreas studied with electron microscopic autoradiography (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 113 (1971), S. 441-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Noradrenergic nerves ; Terminals ; Uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine ; Electron microscopic autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The uptake and distribution of radioactivity in vascular adrenergic nerves in the mouse pancreas following the injection of tritiated 5-hydroxytryptophan was studied by means of electron microscopic autoradiography. Autoradiographic silver grains were found selectively accumulated over axonal profiles. Quantitative analysis revealed a characteristic intraneuronal distribution of the silver grains, most of which probably represent 5-hydroxytryptamine formed by decarboxylation from the labeled precursor. Thus, the grain density over adrenergic nerve terminals, containing a mixed population of vesicles and granules, was about 5 times higher than the grain density recorded over non-terminal axonal parts and at least 20 times higher than the grain density found over surrounding adventitial tissue and smooth muscle cells. This was interpreted as an evidence that 5-hydroxytryptamine was taken up and stored in adrenergic terminals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00968549
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of intracellular protein transport in the mouse exocrine pancreas induced by vinblastine (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 206 (1980), S. 73-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Exocrine pancreas (mouse) ; Electron microscopic autoradiography ; Microtubules ; Protein transport ; Vinblastine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of vinblastine on the intracellular transport of newly synthesized protein in the mouse exocrine pancreas in vivo was studied by electron microscopic autoradiography after administration of 3H-leucine. Vinblastine (1.1 μmole/mouse; i.v. injection) was in general given 1 h before radioleucine and 2–4 h before fixation of the pancreas by perfusion with glutaraldehyde. Vinblastine causes the disappearance of microtubules, mainly present in controls in the apical portion of the acinar cell. After injection of vinblastine, zymogen granules form clusters located throughout the cell but often associated with Golgi areas. The latter are enlarged mainly due to the accumulation of small vesicles. In addition, Golgi areas are displaced, most often in an apical direction. Electron microscopic autoradiography demonstrated that vinblastine delays the appearance of labeled protein in zymogen granules; even 2 h after injection of radioleucine the majority of silver grains is located over the rough endoplasmic reticulum while very few grains are related to zymogen granules. This finding might be related to the structural changes of the Golgi areas observed. Although intracellular migration of protein is retarded, zymogen granules are formed. However, many of the labeled granules are found in peculiar locations, often distant from the acinar lumen. The present study suggests that vinblastine, possibly due to its effect on microtubules, influences both the formation and the translocation of zymogen granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233609
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo shedding of apical plasma membrane in the thyroid follicle cells of the mouse (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Iodination ; Membrane shedding ; Peroxidase ; Thyroid follicle cell ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clusters of luminal dense bodies, limited by a triple-layered membrane, were found in all follicle lumina in thyroid glands of mice. After thyroxine treatment the number of luminal dense bodies increased, especially in the periphery of the lumen, where the intraluminal bodies often displayed a striking resemblance to microvilli. In hyperplastic goiters, obtained by feeding mice with propylthiouracil, luminal dense bodies were replaced by intraluminal vesicles. During goiter involution the vesicles were gradually replaced by luminal dense bodies; the presence of intermediate forms suggests that vesicles and dense bodies are basically the same formations. Luminal dense bodies were observed in colloid droplets indicating their removal by endocytosis. As demonstrated by electron-microscopic cytochemistry, luminal dense bodies contain a membranebound peroxidase, and electron-microscopic autoradiography after administration of 125I indicate that they possess an iodinating capacity. Our observations on mouse thyroid glands suggest that the luminal dense bodies, which appear as vesicles in hyperplastic glands, are formed by shedding of the apical plasma membrane of the follicle cell. The shedding process might be of importance for the turnover of plasma-membrane material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216517
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography on the mouse thyroid gland after administration of 3H-L-DOPA (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 126 (1972), S. 182-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyroid ; Parafollicular cells ; Adrenergic nerves ; 3H-L-DOPA uptake ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cellular and subcellular distribution of radioactivity in the mouse thyroid gland different times (20 min — 8 hours) after intravenous administration of 3H-L-DOPA was studied by means of quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography. High concentrations of autoradiographic silver grains occur over parafollicular cells and adrenergic nerves while the labelling of follicular cells and lumina is low or absent and similar to the labelling of connective tissue cells at all observation times. Over the parafollicular cells high levels of radioactivity can be recorded already 20 min after administration of the labelled amino acid. The grain counts are highest at 1 hour and decrease then at 2.5 and 8 hours. The intracellular distribution of label is similar at all observation times; thus, the concentration of silver grains over the typical cytoplasmic granules of the parafollicular cells is 4–5 times higher compared to the concentration over the remainder of the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Treatment with a decarboxylase inhibitor prior to the injection of 3H-L-DOPA results in a low and uniform labelling of all thyroid cells. This finding, taken together with the observation that also pretreatment with reserpine abolishes the autoradiographic reaction over the cytoplasmic granules, gives strong support to the idea that the great majority of silver grains observed over parafollicular cells represents dopamine formed by decarboxylation of the labelled precursor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307215
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoamines in rat thyroid parafollicular cells and the effect of vitamin D2-induced degranulation (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 406-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Parafollicular Cells ; Rat ; Normalcalcemia ; Vitamin D2 ; Electronmicroscopy ; Histochemical fluorescence method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thyroid parafollicular cells of normocalcemic and vitamin D2-treated rats were investigated by electron microscopy and with the histochemical fluorescence technique of Hillarp and Falck. Administration of high doses of vitamin D2 caused hypercalcemia and an extensive degranulation of the parafollicular cells. The formation and storage of monoamines in granulated and degranulated parafollicular cells was investigated by fluorescence microscopy after injection of monoamine precursors (DOPA, 5-HTP), alone or in combination with Ro 4-4602, nialamide or reserpine. No fluorescence was observed in parafollicular cells of untreated rats. l-DOPA and l-5-HTP (but not the corresponding D-amino acids) were taken up by a process closely linked to the decarboxylation of the amino acids to the corresponding amines (dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine). Treatment with vitamin D2 did not seem to affect the formation of amines in the parafollicular cells or the formation and storage of amines in other cell systems investigated. The amine itself (dopamine) was not taken up by the parafollicular cells. In normocalcemic rats, the amine formed was retained in the cytoplasm of the parafollicular cells by a partially reserpine-resistant mechanism. The storage of amines is concluded to occur in association with the calcitonin-containing granules. In parafollicular cells of vitamin D2-treated rats, a certain amount of amine was bound in the cytoplasm in the absence of typical granules. As a considerable amount of calcitonin is known to remain in the thyroid of vitamin D2-treated rats, the present observations may indicate an association between the amine and the polypeptide hormone calcitonin, whether the latter is confined to typical granules or not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306979
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iodine binding and peroxidase activity in the endostyle of Salpa fusiformis, Thalia democratica, Dolioletta gegenbauri and Doliolum nationalis (Tunicata, Thaliacea) (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 403-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endostyle ; Autoradiography ; Cytochemistry ; Iodination ; Protothyroid ; Salpa fusiformis, Thalia democratica, Dolioletta gegenbauri, Doliolum nationalis (Tunicata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The protothyroid region in the endostyles of four species of tunicates was examined by means of autoradiography and cytochemistry, at both the light and electronmicroscopic levels. To reveal the primary binding site for iodine, autoradiography was carried out on endostylar tissue from animals that had been incubated with high activity 125I- over a short period of time. The specific iodine binding enzyme, a peroxidase, was traced by its reaction with DAB. In accordance with previous findings, the iodinebinding cells proved to be the same as those containing the peroxidase. There were also strong indications of a secondary uptake of iodinated compounds and subsequent release into the body fluid. Together with the ultrastructural features, the data provided strong evidence indicating that these cells constitute a protothyroid region, which partly functions as an endocrine organ, possibly homologous with the vertebrate thyroid gland. Since the number of zones varied between the species, the numeration of the protothyroid region also varied. However, in all the examined endostyles, the protothyroid region was seen to be situated dorsolaterally to the glandular regions of the endostyle concerned with food capture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222297
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