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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 240-242 (May 2003), p. 85-88 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 81-85 
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Halogenocarboxylates ; Solid-state reactions ; Polyesters ; Thermal analysis ; Polymerization ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Heating of the sodium salts of chlorocarboxylic acids leads to exothermic elimination of sodium chloride and oligomerization of the organic backbone of the molecule. Thermochemical data of sodium 2-chloropropionate (1), sodium 3-chloropropionate (2) and sodium 2-chlorobutyrate (3) were derived. The reaction products were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, and the degree of polymerization was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 19 (1998), S. 613-617 
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polyglycolide (poly(hydroxyacetic acid)) with wide variability of pore size can be prepared by combination of a solid-state polymerization reaction and addition of sodium chloride crystals. The solid state reaction leads to a composite of polyglycolide and NaCl. The latter can be washed out with water leaving behind porous polyglycolide with interconnected pores in the micrometer range. To achieve a higher porosity and to induce larger pores, additional coarse sodium chloride was added before polymerization. This opens a way to functionally graded polyglycolide resembling natural bone that should have a potential as bone substituting material.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 71 (1999), S. 35-42 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Organic Reactions without Solvent Reactions involving organic solids are of both fundamental and applied importance. First, they provide a basis for understanding structure-property relationships in crystalline materials, and secondly, they offer opportunities (as yet largely under-exploited) for environmentally-friendly synthetic procedures requiring no solvent. The current state of the art is reviewed with special emphasis on possible practical applications.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 107 (1995), S. 1284-1301 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Analytische Methoden ; Phasenumwandlungen ; Reaktionskinetik ; Thermische Analyse ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Untersuchung der thermodynamischen Eigenschaften und der Reaktivität neu synthetisierter Substanzen ergibt interessante Einblicke in deren Chemie. Mit der Thermischen Analyse erhält man bei kleinen Probenmengen (oft nur wenigen Milligramm) umfangreiche Informationen. Daneben können die aus der Thermischen Analyse gewonnenen Daten für die Syntheseplanung und -optimierung verwendet werden. Zu nennen sind hier vor allem die Identifizierung von Substanzen und die Bestimmung ihrer Reinheit sowie die Bestimmung der charakteristischen Temperaturen und der Enthalpien von Phasenübergängen (Schmelzen, Verdampfen), Phasenumwandlungen und Reaktionen. Untersuchungen zur Kinetik von Folge- und Zersetzungsreaktionen sind ebenfalls gut möglich. Mit den heute erhältlichen Meßgeräten können derartige Untersuchungen meist schnell und mit wenig Aufwand durchgeführt werden. In diesem Beitrag sollen die Grundlagen der Thermischen Analysemethoden und an ausgewählten, nicht Vollständigkeit anstrebenden Beispielen ihre Anwendungen auf nieder- und hochmolekulare Stoffe vorgestellt werden.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Polysulfonyl amines ; silver(1) dimesylarnide ; tetrakis(dimesylamido)aquatetrasilver(l) ; crystal structure ; thermal analysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polysulfonyl Amines. XLI. A Silver(I) Hydrate with an Unusual Composition: Characterization of Tetrakis(dimesylamido)aquatetrasilver(I) [Ag4(N)SO2CH3)2}4(H2O)] by X-Ray Diffraction and Thermal AnalysisThe title compound is obtained by crystallizing AgN(SO2CH3)2 from water at room temperature. Crystallographic data (at -95°C): Triclinic space group P1, a = 864.6(4), b = 1 211.2(5), c = 1 399.1(5) pm, α = 90.97(3), β = 90.90(3), γ = 98.25(4)°, V = 1.4496 nm3, Z = 2, Dx = 2.608 Mg m-3. The four independent silver atoms and the water molecule form zigzag chains Ag(1)-Ag(2)-(μ-H2O)-Ag(3) … Ag(4) … Ag(1′) with distances Ag(1)-Ag(2) 309.7, Ag(2)-O(w) 241.8, O(w)-Ag(3) 241.4, Ag(3) … Ag(4) 342.9, Ag(4) … Ag(1′) 361.4 pm. The catenated silver atoms are further connected by the dimesylamide anions acting as tridentate bridging (α-O, N, ω-O)-ligands. The resulting strands are interconnected into layers through one O(S)-Ag′ contact (247 pm) and one hydrogen bond O(w)-H(l) … O′(S) per repeating unit. Between the layers, a weak O(S) … Ag″ interaction (271 ptn) and a hydrogen bond O(w)-H(2) … O(S) per repeating unit are observed. The silver atoms Ag(l) to Ag(4) display the coordination numbers 5 [NO,Ag(2), distorted trigonal bipyramid], 5[NO2,O(w)Ag(I), distorted trigonal bipyramid], 5[O4,O(w), trigonal bipyramid], and 2 + 1 (N2, li-near; plus a secondary Ag … 0 contact). The dehydration of the title compound and a solid-solid phase transformation in anhydrous AgN(SO2CH3)2, were quantitatively investigated by thermoconductometry and time- and temperature-resolved X-ray diffractometry (TXRD).
    Notes: Die Titelverbindung entsteht durch Kristallisation von AgN(SO2CH3)2 aus Wasser bei Raumtemperatur. Kristallographische Daten (bei -95°C): Trikline Raumgruppe P1, a = 864,6(4), b = 1 211,2(5), c = 1 399,1(5) pm, α = 90,97(3), β = 90,90(3), γ = 98,25(4)°, V = 1,4496 nm3, Z = 2, Dx = 2,608 Mg m-3. Die vier unabhängigen Silberatome und das Wassermolekül bilden Zickzack-Ketten Ag(1)-Ag(2)-(μ-H2O)-Ag(3) … Ag(4) … Ag(1′) mit den Abständen Ag(1)-Ag(2) 309,7, Ag(2)-O(W) 241,8 O(W)-Ag(3) 241,4, Ag(3) … Ag(4) 342,9, Ag(4) … Ag(1′) 361,4 pm. Die Silberatome in der Kette werden durch die Dimesylamid-Anionen miteinander verklammert, die innerhalb der so resultierenden Stränge als dreizähnig-verbrückende (α-O, N, ω-O)-Liganden wirken. Die Stränge sind pro Repetiereinheit durch einen Kontakt O(S)-Ag′ (247 pm) und eine Wasserstoffbrücke O(W)-H(1) …O′(S) zu Schichten verknüpft. Zwischen den Schichten bestehen je Strang-Repetiereinheit eine schwache Wechselwirkung O(S) … Ag″ (271 pm) und eine Wasserstoffbrücke O(W)-H(2) … O″(S). Die Silberatome besitzen in der Reihenfolge Ag(1) bis Ag(4) die Koordinationszahl 5 [NO3Ag(2), verzerrt trigonal-bipyramidal], 5 [NO2O(W)Ag(1), verzerrt trigonal-bipyramidal], 5 [O4O(W), trigonal-bipyramidal], 2 + 1 (N2, linear; ein zusätzlicher Sekundärkontakt Ag … O). Die Dehydratation der Titelverbindung und eine fest-fest-Phasenumwandlung des wasserfreien AgN(SO2CH3)2 wurden durch Thermokonduktometrie sowie zeit- und temperaturaufgelöste Röntgendiffraktometrie (TXRD) quantitativ untersucht.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Polysulfonyl amines ; silver(I) disulfonylamides ; silver(I) disulfonylamide-acetonitrile complexes ; preparation ; crystal and molecular structures ; thermal analysis ; calorimetry ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polysulfonyl Amines. XL. Preparation of Silver(I) Disulfonylamide Acetonitrile Complexes. Characterization of Tetraacetonitrilesilver(I) bis(dimesylamido)argentate(I) and (1,1,3,3-Tetraoxo-1,3,2-benzodithiazolido)acetonitrilesilver(I) by X-Ray Diffractometry and Thermal AnalysisThe following silver(I) disulfonylamides were prepared for the first time or by improved procedures: AgN(SO2CH3)2 (2a); AgN(SO2C6H4-4-X)2 with X = F (2b), Cl (2c), Br (2d), CH3 (2e); silver(I) 1,2-benzenedisulfonimide AgN(SO2)2C6H4 (2f). With acetonitrile, the salts 2a to 2e form (1/2) complexes AgN(SO2R)· 2 CH3CN (4a to 4e), whereas 2f gives the (1/1) complex AgN(SO2)2C6H · CH3CN (4f). The crystallographic data (at - 95°C) for the title compounds 4a and 4f are: 4a, space group C2/c, a = 1 967.6(4), b = 562.2(1), c = 2 353.0(5) pm, β = 102.21(2)°, V = 2.5440 nm3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.891 Mg m-3; 4f, space group P21/m, a = 741.5(3), b = 980.4(4), c = 756.6(3) pm, β = 99.28(2)°, V = 0.5428 nm3, Z = 2, Dx = 2.246 Mg m-3. 4a forms an ionic crystal [Ag(NCCH3)4]⊕[Ag{N(SO2CH3)2}2]⊖ with a tetrahedrally coordinated silver atom (lying on a twofold axis) in the cation (225.3/225.7 pm for the two independent Ag—N distances, N—Ag—N 106.2 - 114.5°) and a linear-dicoordinated silver atom in the centrosymmetric anion (Ag—N 213.9 pm, two intraionic secondary Ag…O contacts 303.4 pm). 4f consists of uncharged molecules [C6H4(SO2)2N1AgN2CCH3] with crystallographic mirror symmetry (Ag—N1 218.8, Ag—N2 216.1 pm, N1—Ag—N2 174.3°), associated into strands by intermolecular secondary silver-oxygen contacts (Ag…O 273.8 pm, O…Ag…O 175.6, N—Ag…O 91.9/88.2°). The thermochemical behaviour of 4f was investigated using thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), time- and temperature-resolved X-ray diffractometry (TXRD), and solution calorimetry. The desolvation process occurs in the temperature range from 60 to 200°C and appears to be complex, although no crystalline intermediate could be detected. The desolvation enthalpy at 298 K was found to be + 26.8(4) kJ mol-1. 4a is desolvated in two steps at - 15 to 60°C and 60 to 95°C (DSC), suggesting the formation of AgN(SO2CH3) · CH3CN as an intermediate.
    Notes: Die folgenden Silber(I)-disulfonylamide wurden erstmalig oder nach verbesserten Verfahren hergestellt: AgN(SO2CH3)2 (2 a); AgN(SO2C6H4-4-X)2 mit X = F (2b), Cl (2c), Br (2d), CH3 (2e); Silber(I)-1,2-benzoldisulfonimid AgN(SO2)2C6H4 (2f). Die Salze 2a bis 2e bilden mit Acetonitril (1/2)-Komplexe AgN(SO2R)· 2 CH3CN (4a bis 4e), 2f hingegen einen (1/1)-Komplex AgN(SO2)2C6H · CH3CN (4f). Die kristallographischen Daten der Titelverbindungen 4a und 4f sind (bei - 95°C): 4a, Raumgruppe C2/c, a = 1 967,6(4), b = 562,2(1), c = 2 353,0(5) pm, β = 102,21(2)°, V = 2,5440 nm3, Z = 4, Dx = 1,891 Mg m-3; 4f, Raumgruppe P21/m, a = 741,5(3), b = 980,4(4), c = 756,6(3) pm, β = 99,28(2)°, V = 0,5428 nm3, Z = 2, Dx = 2,246 Mg m3. 4a bildet einen Ionenkristall [Ag(NCCH3)4]⊕[Ag{N(SO2CH3)2}2]⊖. Das Silberatom des Kations liegt auf einer kristallographischen zweizähligen Achse und ist tetraedrisch koordiniert (225,3/225,7 pm für die zwei unabhängigen Ag—N-Abstände, N—Ag—N 106,2 - 114,5°). Das Silberatom im inversionssymmetrischen Anion ist linear-dikoordiniert (Ag—N 213,9 pm, zwei intraionische Sekundärkontakte Ag…O 303,4 pm). 4f bildet Neutralmoleküle [C6H4(SO2)2 N1AgN2CCH3] mit kristallographischer Spiegelsymmetrie (Ag—N1 218,8, Ag—N2 216,1 pm, N1—Ag—N2 174,3°), die über intermolekulare Silber - Sauerstoff-Sekundärkontakte zu Strängen verknüpft sind (Ag…O 273,8 pm, O…Ag…O 175,6, N—Ag…O 91,9/88,2°). Das thermochemische Verhalten von 4f wurde mittels Thermogravimetrie, Dynamischer Differenz-Kalorimetrie (DDK/DSC), zeit- und temperaturaufgelöster Röntgendiffraktometrie (TXRD) und Lösungskalorimetrie untersucht. Die Desolvatation erfolgt im Temperaturbereich 60 bis 200°C und scheint nach einem komplexen Mechanismus, jedoch ohne Bildung eines kristallinen Zwischenprodukts, abzulaufen. Die Desolvatationsenthalpie bei 298 K wurde zu +26,8(4) kJ mol-1 ermittelt. 4a wird in zwei Schritten in den Temperaturintervallen - 15 bis 60°C und 60 bis 95°C desolvatisiert (DSC), entsprechend der vermutlichen Bildung eines definierten Zwischenprodukts der Zusammensetzung AgN(SO2CH3)· CH3CN.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Disulfonyl amines ; silver(I) 1,1,3,3-tetraoxo-1,3,2-benzodithiazolide ; aqua(1,1,3,3-tetraoxo-1,3,2-benzodithiazolido)silver(I) ; crystal structure ; thermal analysis ; calorimetry ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polysulfonyl Amines. XLII. An Aquasilver(I) Complex with an Ag(m̈-H2O)2Ag Structural Unit: Characterization of Aqua(1,1,3,3-tetraoxo-1,3,2-benzodithiazolido)silver(I) by X-Ray Diffractometry and Thermal AnalysisThe title compound C6H4(SO2)2NAg · H2O, where C6H4(SO2)2Nº is the anion of 1,2-benzenedisulfonimide, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/m with (at -95°C) a = 1 129,7(3), b = 1 196.1(3), c = 810.7(2) pm, β = 124.25(2)°, V = 0.9055 nm3, Z = 4, Dx = 2.524 Mg m-3. The crystal packing consists of [Ag(m̈-H2O)2Ag{m̈-C6H4(SO2)2N}2]n bands with crystallographic mirror symmetry, associated into layers by H-bonds with O(W) - O(S) 289.7 pm. The Ag(m̈-H2O)2Ag moiety forms a planar four-membered ring with Ag—O(W)—Ag 97.3°, O(W)—Ag—O(W) 82.7° and Ag°Ag 372.1 pm. In the Ag{C6H4(SO2)2N}2Ag′ unit, the anions act as tridentate (N, 1-O, 3-O)-ligands: One is N-bonded to Ag and O,O-chelated to Ag′, the other N-bonded to Ag′ and O,O-chelated to Ag. The silver atoms are (O4N)-pentacoordinate, with nitrogen in the apical position of a distorted square pyramid [Ag—N 223.6, Ag—O(W) 247.8, Ag—O(S) 259.4 pm]. The thermochemical behaviour of the hydrate was investigated by thermal analysis and calorimetry. Water is only released at temperatures above 220°C. The dehydration enthalpy at 298 K is + 13.9 kJ mol-1.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindung C6H4(SO2)2NAg · H2O, mit C6H4(SO2)2N- = Anion des 1,2-Benzoldisulfonsäureimids, kristallisiert in der monoklinen Raumgruppe C2/m mit (bei -95°C) a = 1 129,7(3), b = 1 196,1(3), c = 810,7(2) pm, β = 124,25(2)°, V = 0,9055 nm3, Z = 4, Dx = 2,524 Mg m-3. Die Kristallpackung besteht aus Strängen des Typs [Ag(m̈-H2O)2Ag{m̈-C6H4(SO2)2N}2]n mit kristallographischer Spiegelsymmetrie, die über H-Brücken mit O(W)…O(S) 289,7 pm zu Schichten assoziiert sind. Die Ag(m̈—H2O)2Ag-Einheit bildet einen planaren Vierring mit Ag - O(W) - Ag 97,3°, O(W) - Ag - O(W) 82,7° und Ag…Ag 372,1 pm. In der Ag{m̈—C6H4(SO2)2N}2Ag′-Einheit wirken die Anionen als dreizähnige (N, 1-O, 3-O)-Liganden, und zwar das eine als N-Donor gegenüber Ag und als O,O-Chelatligand gegenüber Ag′, das andere umgekehrt als N-Donor gegenüber Ag′ und als O,O-Chelatligand gegenüber Ag. Die Silberatome sind (O4N)-pentakoordiniert mit dem Stickstoffatom am Scheitelpunkt einer verzerrten quadratischen Pyramide [Ag—N 223,6, Ag—O(W) 247,8, Ag—O(S) 259,4 pm]. Das thermochemische Verhalten des Hydrats wurde mit thermoanalytischen und kalorimetrischen Methoden untersucht. Das Wasser wird erst bei Temperaturen oberhalb 220°C abgegeben. Die Dehydratationsenthalpie bei 298 K beträgt + 13,9 kJ mol-1.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 291-294 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Halogenoacetates ; Silver salts ; Solid-state reactions ; Polymerization ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure of silver chloroacetate was determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. This represents the first salt of a monohalogenoacetic acid with a monovalent metal whose structure was determined with high precision. The salt undergoes a thermally induced solid-state polymerization to polyglycolide under elimination of silver chloride. A probable mechanism for a structure-determined reaction in the solid state is discussed.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 129 (1996), S. 1123-1129 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Halogenoacetates ; Solid-state reactions ; Polyglycolide ; Thermal analysis ; Polymerization ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nine salts of halogenoacetic acids MOOC-CH2—X were prepared and characterized by their thermochemical reactivity. It was found that in seven cases elimination of MX led to polymerization of the organic part of the molecule. The resulting polyester, polyglycolide, could be isolated easily by washing the reaction product with water. It has a distinct porous morphology. The reaction takes place at moderate temperatures (100—200°C).
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