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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of resistance to fenpropimorph in Aspergillus niger (1998)
    Springer
    Current genetics 33 (1998), S. 145-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Fenpropimorph ; Fungicide resistance ; Morpholines ; Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Resistance to the morpholine-fungicide fenpropimorph was studied in Aspergillus niger and A. nidulans. Mass selection of conidia of A. nidulans on agar amended with the fungicide at different concentrations did not yield of resistant mutants, even after UV-treatment of the conidia. In contrast, similar experiments with A. niger generated many fenpropimorph-resistant mutants. The mutants displayed cross-resistance to fenpropidin and generally showed wild-type sensitivity to the unrelated toxicants fenarimol and cycloheximide. Genetic analysis of fenpropimorph resistance in A. niger was carried out by means of the parasexual cycle. In the mutants tested, two genes located on linkage group II were involved in fenpropimorph resistance. Dominance tests showed that resistance to fenpropimorph in A. niger is recessive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050320
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of split applications of fenpropimorph-containing fungicides on sensitivity of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science
    Plant pathology 45 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A field trial was conducted in the south of the Netherlands over a period of 3 years (1992–94) in order to test the effect of fenpropimorph-containing fungicides on the sensitivity of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici to fenpropimorph. In general, use of split applications resulted in a better protection against wheat powdery mildew than use of normal applications. This is ascribed to a better timing of the split applications. The sensitivity to fenpropimorph of the mildew population in plots treated with normal applications of both fungicides did not change during the growing seasons of the years investigated. In contrast, the sensitivity of the mildew population from plots treated with split applications of Corbel became significantly lower. A significantly lower sensitivity was also found in the mildew population from plots treated with split applications of Tilt Top in 1993 and 1994. These results indicate that split applications can increase the rate at which E. graminis f.sp. tritici can become less sensitive to fenpropimorph. Because maintenance of sensitivity of the pathogen population is valued highly, the split application strategy of fenpropimorph-containing fungicides is not recommended for wheat powdery mildew control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1996.d01-7.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two transcriptional regulators GlnR and GlnRII are involved in regulation of nitrogen metabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (2002)
    Oxford,UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 46 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Streptomyces coelicolor has an unusually large arsenal of glutamine synthetase (GS) enzymes: a prokaryotic GSI-β-subtype enzyme (encoded by glnA ), three annotated glnA -like genes of the GSI-α-subtype and a eukaryote-like glutamine synthetase II (encoded by glnII ). Under all tested conditions, GSI was found to represent the dominant glutamine synthetase activity. A significant heat-labile GSII activity, which is very low to undetectable in liquid-grown cultures, was only detected in morphologically differentiating S. coelicolor cultures. Analysis of glnA and glnII transcription by S1 nuclease mapping and egfp fusions revealed that, on nitrogen-limiting solid medium, glnII but not glnA expression is upregulated. An OmpR-like regulator protein, GlnR, has previously been implicated in transcriptional control of glnA expression. Gel retardation analysis revealed that GlnR is a DNA-binding protein, which interacts with the glnA promoter. It is not autoregulatory and does not bind to the upstream regions of the glnA -like genes of the α-subfamily, nor to the glnII promoter in vitro . A second GlnR target was identified upstream of the amtB gene, encoding a putative ammonium transporter. amtB forms an operon with glnK (encoding a PII protein) and glnD (encoding a putative PII nucleotidylyltransferase) shown by S1 nuclease protection analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). An amtB and glnA promoter alignment revealed a putative GlnR operator structure. Downstream of glnII , a gene encoding for another OmpR-like regulator, GlnRII, was identified, with strong similarity to GlnR. Gel shifts with GlnRII showed that the promoters recognized by GlnR are also targets of GlnRII. However, GlnRII also interacted with the glnII upstream region. Only inactivation of glnR resulted in a glutamine auxotrophic phenotype, whereas the glnRII mutant can grow on minimal medium without glutamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03150.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The GlnD and GlnK homologues of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) are functionally dissimilar to their nitrogen regulatory system counterparts from enteric bacteria (2002)
    Oxford,UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 46 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Glutamine synthetase I (GSI) enzyme activity in Streptomyces coelicolor is controlled post-translationally by the adenylyltransferase (GlnE) as in enteric bacteria. Although other homologues of the Escherichia coli Ntr system (glnK, coding for a PII family protein; and glnD, coding for an uridylyltransferase) are found in the S. coelicolor genome, the regulation of the GSI activity was found to be different. The functions of glnK and glnD were analysed by specific mutants. Surprisingly, biochemical assay and two-dimensional PAGE analysis showed that modification of GSI by GlnE occurs normally in all mutant strains, and neither GlnK nor GlnD are required for the regulation of GlnE in response to nitrogen stimuli. Analysis of the post-translational regulation of GlnK in vivo by two-dimensional PAGE and mass spectrometry indicated that it is subject to both a reversible and a non-reversible modification in a direct response to nitrogen availability. The irreversible modification was identified as removal of the first three N-terminal amino acid residues of the protein, and the reversible modification as adenylylation of the conserved tyro-sine 51 residue that is known to be uridylylated in E. coli. The glnD insertion mutant expressing only the N-terminal half of GlnD was capable of adenylylating GlnK, but was unable to perform the reverse deadenylylation reaction in response to excess ammonium. The glnD null mutant completely lacked the ability to adenylylate GlnK. This work provides the first example of a PII protein that is modified by adenylylation, and demonstrates that this reaction is performed by a homologue of GlnD, previously described only as a uridylyltransferase enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03149.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcriptional analysis of the gene for glutamine synthetase II and two upstream genes in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 264 (2000), S. 461-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Streptomyces coelicolor Nitrogen metabolism Glutamine synthetase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The glutamine synthetase II (GSII, encoded by glnII) activity detectable in crude extracts from Streptomyces coelicolor is low compared to the activity of glutamine synthetase I (GSI, encoded by glnA) and to that of GSII from S. viridochromogenes. We have identified and sequenced a 3.9-kb BglII-BamHI fragment carrying the glutamine synthetase II gene (glnII) from S. coelicolor. Besides glnII, this region contains four ORFs (orf1–orf4). While homologues of orf1 and orf2 were also found in the glnII region of the S. viridochromogenes chromosome, this was not the case for orf3 and orf4, which encode a putative hydrolase and a transcriptional regulator (Ptr) of the MarR family, respectively. High-resolution S1 nuclease mapping showed that the S. coelicolor glnII gene is expressed from two overlapping promoters. The first comprises a vegetative promoter sequence and the second contains sequence elements that are recognized by Eσ31. Similar promoter structures were found upstream of the S. viridochromogenes glnII gene. The involvement of ptr in glnII regulation was studied by gel retardation assays. Recombinant Ptr interacted with the upstream region of ptr, but not with the promoter region of glnII. A ptr gene replacement mutant (S. coelicolor IP) was also constructed. RT-PCR analysis of RNA from wild-type S. coelicolor and the IP mutant demonstrated that expression of orf3 depends on Ptr. Thus, the difference in gene organization between S. coelicolor and S. viridochromogenes is not responsible for the difference in GSII activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380000315
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entwicklungstrends in der Scheibenbremstechnologie für Schienenfahrzeuge (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 29 (1998), S. 726-735 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Developing trends in disc brake technology for rail applicationThe substitution of conventional ferrous materials by light-alloy solutions gives the opportunity for significant reduction of the rotating masses in the bogie and by that a decrease of energy consumption. The potential of conventional Al-cast-alloys is not suitable to solve this. Castable MMC-materials are a high-promising alternative. Under economic pressure MMC-solutions need not to be only superior but also cost effective. And due to the low ductility of those particulate reinforced materials there is a need for new concepts.Locally optimised disks consist of a ductile carrier [body] with wear resistant rubbing surfaces. This led to several prototype disk brakes manufactured by different casting processes.This paper gives an overview about the state-of the-art and newly developed manufacturing routes and materials, metallic and non- metallic, for rail disk brake application.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19980291208
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  • 7
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    Bounds on Lorentz Invariance Violation from MAGIC Observation of GRB 190114C (2020)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-09
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 8
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    Size quantization of Dirac fermions in graphene constrictions (2016)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-22
    Description: Article Quantum point contacts are narrow electrical connections of a width comparable to the wavelength of the conducting electrons. Here, the authors create such contacts in graphene by etching constrictions and use them to identify ballistic transport and quantized conductance of size-confined Dirac fermions. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms11528 Authors: B. Terrés, L. A. Chizhova, F. Libisch, J. Peiro, D. Jörger, S. Engels, A. Girschik, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, S. V. Rotkin, J. Burgdörfer, C. Stampfer
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 9
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    Dielectric screening of the Kohn anomaly of graphene on hexagonal boron nitride (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-15
    Description: Author(s): F. Forster, A. Molina-Sanchez, S. Engels, A. Epping, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, L. Wirtz, and C. Stampfer Kohn anomalies in three-dimensional metallic crystals are dips in the phonon dispersion that are caused by abrupt changes in the screening of the ion cores by the surrounding electron gas. These anomalies are also present at the high-symmetry points Γ and K in the phonon dispersion of two-dimensiona... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 085419] Published Wed Aug 14, 2013
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 10
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    Investigation of the functional properties and regulation of three glutamine synthetase-like genes in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (2006)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-24
    Print ISSN: 0302-8933
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-072X
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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