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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Doublet frequencies and codon weighting in the DNA ofEscherichia coli and its phages (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 8 (1976), S. 117-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Doublet Frequencies ; Genetic Code ; Translational Control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A compilation of nucleic acid sequences fromE.coli and its phages has been analysed for the frequency of occurrence of nearest neighbour base doublets and codons. Several statistically significant deviations from random are found in both doublet and codon frequencies. The deviations inE.coli also appear to occur in λ and in the coat protein gene of MS2, whereas T4 and other parts of the MS2 genome show different sequence properties. These and other findings are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that rapidity of translation of mRNAs in theE. coli system is dependent on doublet frequency and codon usage patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01739098
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dipeptide frequencies in proteins and the CpG deficiency in vertebrate DNA (1972)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 1 (1972), S. 315-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Vertebrate Protein Sequences ; Doublet Frequencies ; CpG Deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Analysis of vertebrate protein sequences totalling 4040 residues shows that amino acids with a high proportion of codons ending in C occur with significantly reduced frequency before amino acids whose codons start with G. This effect is not shown by “control” bacterial protein sequences. The consequent implication of shortage of XXC. GXX codon pairs in vertebrate messenger RNA is discussed in relation to the extreme rarity of the base doublet CpG in vertebrate DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01653960
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship of DNA base composition and individual protein composition in micro-organisms (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 2 (1973), S. 263-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: DNA Base Composition ; Protein Composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary To investigate the dependence of protein composition on DNA base composition, a set of data on individual proteins with known amino acid compositions from a spectrum of bacterial species has been compiled. It is found that similar relationships of amino acid frequency to G + C content exist for these proteins as for the bulk proteins studied by Sueoka (1961). The data are analysed by linear and cubic regression, and a measure of the proportions of A + T-rich and G + C-rich codons in the underlying messenger RNAs is put forward. The theoretical limits on the G + C content of coding DNA are discussed, and inference are made about the various selective forces acting on DNAs of different G + C contents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01654095
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Doublet frequency analysis of bacterial DNAs (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 2 (1973), S. 277-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Doublet Analysis ; Bacterial DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Nearest neighbour base frequency analyses of the DNAs of fifteen bacteria and two blue-green algae are reported. When expressed in terms of deviations from random expectation, the frequencies can be placed in four distinct groups sharing similarities not dependent on the G + C contents of the DNAs. The majority of the groupings found are in agreement with those of conventional taxonomy but several interesting discrepancies are shown to exist, some of which confirm other recent molecular evidence. The frequencies for the algal DNAs closely resemble those of the largest group of bacteria. The results are considered in relation to possible evolutionary pressures on polypeptide-specifying DNA and inferences are made about the relative usage of alternative codons in different species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01654096
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Doublet frequencies in the DNA of genetic code limit organisms (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 2 (1973), S. 293-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Doublet Frequencies ; Code Limit Organisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Unrelated organisms with DNA of extreme G + C content (25% or 70%) are found to share very specific patterns of nearest neighbour base doublet frequency in their DNAs. This is shown to be a result of restrictions on the extremity of amino acid composition in their proteins, combined with a maximisation of the use of one type of base pair in redundant codon positions. Inferences are made about the universal nature of the genetic code and the proportion of DNA used for specifying protein in different species. The composition of coding DNA strands in these organisms is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01654097
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Doublet frequencies in sequenced nucleic acids (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 4 (1975), S. 323-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Doublet Frequencies ; RNA Sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A doublet frequency count (set of frequencies of the sixteen possible two-base sequences) can be calculated from the experimentally determined overall sequence of a nucleic acid. In this paper, a statistical methodology is developed for comparing such counts with random, with others of the same type or with doublet proportions found in whole DNAs. The methods are applied to two major categories of sequenced RNAs. It is found that vertebrate ribosomal and transfer RNAs show significant differences from the overall vertebrate DNA pattern, especially in the frequency of the doublet CG. Bacterial rRNA and tRNA, on the other hand, show less dissimilarity from total DNA. In the RNA of the small bacteriophage MS2, the doublet frequencies of the translated regions of the genome resemble those in the hostE. coli, whereas those in the intercistronic regions differ substantially. All these findings are discussed in relation to the origin, evolution and selection of the nucleic acids concerned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732535
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The neurogenic and myogenic hypotheses in human (Duchenne) muscular dystrophy (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 249 (1974), S. 151-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In mammalian skeletal muscle, each fibre has near its mid-point a single endplate supplied by a single nerve fibre; more than one endplate is a rarity 7~9. The axon of each lower motor neurone branches repeatedly to supply in this way very many muscle fibres10 often widely scattered through the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/249151a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neonatal physiological trend monitoring by computer (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 9 (1992), S. 221-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Keywords: computer ; intensive care ; newborn ; trend
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A premature baby born up to four months early is a fragile patient dependent on intensive care. The body systems are physiologically immature and so tolerate stress badly. The tendency of these infants to rapidly deteriorate, has led us to use a cotside computer monitoring system which displays physiological trends. Information from standard neonatal monitors is accessed by individual cotside PC's linked to a central network server and Doctors terminal. Trend graphs can be easily manipulated, displaying from 7 minutes to 3 days of physiological information on a single screen. Pathology may be observed in real time as it occurs. The system has 3 main areas of use, (1) as a real time clinical aid to patient management, e.g. apnoea of the newborn; (b) as a research tool, demonstrating the effects of procedures on physiology; (c) for educating members of staff about how physiological events develop. Data is saved for the whole of each neonates intensive care stay. Assessment of staff and parent attitudes by questionnaire have been favourable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01133617
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  • 9
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    Exploring apostatic selection (1970)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 1970-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-067X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2540
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
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    The comparison of neutron activation analysis and photon absorptiometry at the same part-body site (1981)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0143-0815
    Topics: Medicine , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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