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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Financial accountability and management 8 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Municipal corporations wielded a vast amount of economic power throughout the period covered by this paper and, as a result, they were the subject of envy, suspicion and criticism. The question of whether depreciation should be charged could not be dismissed as a mere matter of book-keeping. The inclusion of a charge involved the earmarking of an equivalent amount of money for future use, and the matter was therefore regarded as of fundamental importance for current levels of local taxation and long term financial stability. Public and private sector based accountants, municipal officers, town councillors, ratepayers and academics engaged in a debate which, although stirring strong emotions, was thoughtful, wide ranging and constructive. This paper examines the discourse and its outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Accounting, auditing & accountability journal 9 (1996), S. 40-60 
    ISSN: 0951-3574
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Hoskin and Macve have suggested that the crucial discontinuity in accounting's development over the last two centuries occurred with its use for disciplinary purposes at the Springfield Armory in the USA in the 1830s and 1840s. Questions the applicability of their thesis to Britain through an examination of the manuscript records of the Dowlais Iron Company. Determines that, at Dowlais, in the mid-nineteenth century, the accounting system was used for administrative co-ordination and managerial decision-making purposes, but does not appear to have been used for purposes of labour discipline, even though this was a matter of concern. Suggests that the Dowlais management, through the use of other methods to counter indiscipline, was able to develop and utilize the accounting system in other ways; also suggests that accounting in Britain may have developed somewhat differently from that in the USA. Suggests that future research into the history of accounting needs to examine the possibility of separate development paths resulting from varying socio-economic contexts in different countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0951-3574
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Numerous studies have examined the institutional setting of accounting as a professional occupation. However, institutional deeds and outcomes derive from the behaviour of individual actors, particularly those key players who drive the creation, policy development and outlook of practitioner associations. Recognising this, and in search of a more detailed understanding of the dynamics of professional formation, this study applies the prosopographical method of inquiry to accounting development in Australia during the period 1886 to 1908. Motives and actions are identified with the founding members of the Incorporated Institute of Accountants, Victoria, during this formative era, which saw key personalities transfer their allegiance to the Australasian Corporation of Public Accountants. The beliefs, preferences and ambitions of individual participants are shown to exert significant influence over the process of professional formation, highlighting the capacity of prosopographical studies to augment the predominantly vocational and institutional focus of the prior sociology of professions literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Accounting, auditing & accountability journal 15 (2002), S. 12-45 
    ISSN: 0951-3574
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The use of accounting to help apply the principles of scientific management to business affairs is associated with the adoption of standard costing and budgetary control. This first British industry-based study of the implementation of these calculative techniques makes use of the case study research tool to interrogate archival data relating to leading iron and steel companies. We demonstrate the adoption of standard costing and budgetary control early on (during the inter-war period) by a single economic unit, United Steel Companies Ltd, where innovation is attributed to the engineering and scientific background and US experiences of key personnel. Elsewhere, significant management accounting change occurred only with the collapse in iron and steel corporate profitability that began to become apparent in the late 1950s. The process of accounting change is addressed and the significance for our study of the notions of evolution and historical discontinuity is examined. The paper is contextualised through an assessment of initiatives from industry-based regulatory bodies and consideration of the economic circumstances and business conditions within which management accounting practices were the subject of radical revision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Accounting, auditing & accountability journal 9 (1996), S. 4-29 
    ISSN: 0951-3574
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Explores the issues which concerned auditing practitioners more than 100 years ago and reexamines them in the present day context. These issues include: the role and scope of the audit, audit independence, the auditor's report, competition between auditors, litigation against auditors, and governance and regulation of the profession. Many of these concerns remain unresolved. Develops an historical perspective which helps to explain the endurance of these issues and informs policy makers in their endeavour to devise permanent solutions. Examines the determination of the profession's early leaders to discuss the problem and publicly notes the contrast with the deafening silence emanating from their counterparts today.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of business finance & accounting 21 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-5957
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The use of secret reserves by British companies, both to manipulate the content of published reports and to influence investor perceptions of corporate progress during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, has been an important focus of historical enquiry. By way of contrast, relatively little attention has been devoted to the possible exploitation of fixed asset accounting practices to achieve similar financial reporting objectives. It is the aim of the present paper to help to redress this imbalance. The principal basis for the study is the archival records of four major iron and coal companies. Identified features of prudent financial policy include: a determination to restrict distributions and the level of activity to what the company could comfortably afford; and a reluctance to use loan finance. The selection of accounting practices was subordinated to the pursuit of these, and related, policy objectives. The identified use of prudent financial policies may be contrasted with Briefs (1976, p. 184) conclusion that nineteenth century companies consistently over-estimated profitability, with a consequential stimulation of business investment and economic growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Abacus 29 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6281
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The popular view that market forces controlled the development of financial reporting practices among nineteenth-century British companies has recently been shown, by Parker (1990), to be an oversimplification. Large companies engaged in the provision of public utilities, transportation and financial services were the subject of close regulation, though not necessarily or only for the purpose of shareholder protection. The nineteenth century also saw the creation of municipal corporations, and their development is marked by a further variation in the process of accounting change. A regulatory structure, including requirements for accountability, was established when the modern municipal corporation was created in 1834, and this broad framework remained in force without major amendment until 1930. The accounting practices employed by municipal corporations underwent fundamental change, however, to accommodate major alterations in the nature of their activities. The process of ‘voluntary’ change in response to market pressure received reinforcement from recommendations made by the highly active local-authority-oriented professional accounting body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PO Box 378, Carlton South Victoria 3053, Australia : Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
    Abacus 40 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6281
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The series of Recommendations on Accounting Principles (RoAPs) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) between 1942 and 1969 demonstrated the willingness of a professional accounting body to take a degree of responsibility for the form and content of British corporate financial reports. RoAPs 12 and 15 focused on the enduring problem of whether and how to take account of changing prices when constructing published financial reports. This article reveals disagreement between practising and industrial members in general, concerning how to address this issue, and examines the way in which the Council of the ICAEW sought to resolve this internal conflict within the constraints imposed by the need to be seen to behave in the ‘public interest’. Major discord between the two main categories of membership emerged within the operation of the Taxation and Financial Relations (T&FR) Committee. What were judged by the ICAEW's leadership to be the extreme views of the industrial members were marginalized and suppressed by bypassing the normal channel for designing RoAPs and, instead, formulating them at the higher level of the Parliamentary and Law (P&L) Committee. The conflict between practising and industrial members continued in the period following the publication of RoAP 15, when further attempts were made to tackle the problem of accounting for inflation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Abacus 37 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6281
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Friendly societies date from the seventeenth century and have been the subject of statutory recognition and regulation since 1793. These societies developed rapidly in the nineteenth century as a mechanism of self-help for the emerging industrial working class. This article embraces an historical examination of the social, economic and political contexts within which a discourse on the issue of their regulation took place and reveals the ideologies underpinning the disciplinary framework that was constructed. Ideas of the philosophical radicals were influential in making friendly societies the subject of closer regulation. This development came at a time when laissez-faire as a guide to government action gave ground to the acceptance of the need for state control in the endeavour to enhance the common good. The concepts of paternalism and financial safety are found to have influenced the decision to regulate friendly societies, and the disciplinary framework constructed is located within the range of provisions applying to organizational entities operating in nineteenth-century Britain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Abacus 21 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6281
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The distinguishing characteristic of the double account system is the subdivision of the conventional balance sheet into a capital account and a revenue account, and it is the purpose of this paper to explain why it became the practice of railway companies to publish accounts in this form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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