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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Passive microwave techniques were applied to geologic problems, in order to establish the microwave properties of representative rocks and minerals, and to examine the feasibility of using microwave radiometry for geologic mapping problems. A review of microwave pertaining to geology was conducted, coupled with laboratory and field investigations of the microwave emission characteristics of various geologic features. The laboratory studies consisted of dielectric constant measurements of rocks and minerals. A majority of field investigations conducted in the western United States, involved the microwave emission charateristics of rock types, and a portion of the study was concerned with microwave properties of mineralized areas. Experiments were also conducted in the vicinity of a coal seam fire in Colorado and across the San Andreas Fault Zone near the Salton Sea, in Southern California.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center 3d Ann. Earth Resources Program Rev., vol. 1; 12 p
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Microwave radiometry for snow and ice sensing in aerial reconnaissance
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER 2D ANN. EARTH RESOURCES AIRCRAFT PROGRAM STATUS REV., VOL. 3 1969 (SEE N71-11151 02-13)
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Extensive ground-based and airborne investigations were undertaken in conjunction with laboratory dielectric measurements of soils and analytical modeling. Radiometric measurements were made in the vicinity of Phoenix, Arizona at observational wavelengths ranging from 0.81 to 21 cm. Ground experiments were conducted with a microwave field laboratory and airborne measurements were obtained from a CV-990 aircraft. Research activities were focused on establishing basic relationships between microwave emission and the distribution of moisture.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center 4th Ann. Earth Resources Program Rev., Vol. 4; 23 p
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A general classification is presented for sea ice brightness temperatures with categories of high and low emission, corresponding to young and weathered sea ice, respectively. A sea ice emission model was developed which allows variations of ice salinity and temperature in directions perpendicular to the ice surface.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center 4th Ann. Earth Resources Program Rev., Vol. 4; 22 p
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Some results are presented of a two year investigation on microwave emissions from snow. Included in the investigation were: theoretical studies; laboratory measurements of electrical properties of snow and similar materials; numerical modelling of hypothetical and real snowpacks; analysis of microwave data obtained on everflights; and quantative measurements of natural and artificial snowpacks made in the field. Results indicate that a fairly simple combination of microwave polarizations and frequencies can ultimately be used to monitor the water equivalent and free-water content as well as the distribution of snow. This understanding may also shed light on the physics of microwave emission from other wet, granular, layered media.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center 3d Ann. Earth Resources Program Rev., Vol. 3; 8 p
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The field measurement program conducted at the NASA/USGS Southern California Test Site is discussed. Ground truth data and multifrequency microwave brightness data were acquired by a mobile field laboratory operating in conjunction with airborne instruments. The ground based investigations were performed at a number of locales representing a variety of terrains including open desert, cultivated fields, barren fields, portions of the San Andreas Fault Zone, and the Salton Sea. The measurements acquired ground truth data and microwave brightness data at wavelengths of 0.8 cm, 2.2 cm, and 21 cm.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-126136 , USGS-IR-NASA-149
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Measurements of the microwave emission from Arctic Sea ice were made with aircraft at 8 wavelengths ranging from 0.510 cm to 2.81 cm. The expected contrast in emissivities between ice and water was observed at all wavelengths. Distributions of sea ice and open water were mapped from altitudes up to 11 km in the presence of dense cloud cover. Different forms of ice also exhibited strong contrasts in emissivity. Emissivity differences of up to 0.2 were observed between two types of ice at 0.811 cm wavelength. The higher emissivity ice type is tentatively identified as having been formed more recently than the lower emissivity ice.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-65742 , X-651-71-417
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Removing atmospheric and antenna pattern effects from multifrequency radiometer
    Keywords: MATERIALS, METALLIC
    Type: NASA-CR-108561 , REPT-1344R-2
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Microwave radiometry assumptions relating to absorptivity, emissivity and reflectivity data for earth resources remote sensing applications
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 6TH; Oct 13, 1969 - Oct 16, 1969; ANN ARBOR, MI
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Two sites in Canada were selected for detailed analysis of the ESMR-6/ snow relationships. Data were analyzed for February 1976 for site 1 and January, February and March 1976 for site 2. Snowpack water equivalents were less than 4.5 inches for site 1 and, depending on the month, were between 2.9 and 14.5 inches for site 2. A statistically significant relationship was found between ESMR-6 measurements and snowpack water equivalents for the Site 2 February and March data. Associated analysis findings presented are the effects of random measurement errors, snow site physiolography, and weather conditions on the ESMR-6/snow relationship.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-156725 , REPT-1932FR-1
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