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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oligonucleotide studies. VII. Optical rotatory dispersion of adenylyl-(3'-〉5')-4-thiouridine and guanylyl-(3'-〉5')-4-thiouridine (1969)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 91 (1969), S. 1582-1584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01034a078
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comment on E. Broda's recent publications (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 8 (1976), S. 387-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Nitrate Respiration ; Fermentation ; Energy Metabolism ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary E. Broda's recent argument against our concept that nitrate respiration antedated oxygen respiration is criticized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01739263
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minor elements and evolution (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 4 (1974), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Bioelement ; Evolution ; Sea water ; Molybdenum ; Chromium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Minor elements such as molybdenum and iron are essential elements or “bioelements” for microorganisms, plants, and higher animals. However, chromium is not regarded as a bioelement in the same sense. This may be explained by their relative concentrations in the sea water. Molybdenum is the most abundant of the transition elements in sea water. Its participation in different oxido-reductases such as nitrogenase, nitrate reductase, and CO2 reductase of primitive bacteria could be related to its abundance. Good correlation can be found between the biological behaviour of different elements and their concentration in sea water. This suggests the hypothesis that the composition of the present sea water reflects that of the primeval sea water at the time of the evolution of these enzyme systems. A concentration in the sea of about 1~5 nM may be regarded as “critical”. Elements with concentrations in sea water above this critical concentration could influence early evolutionary events, and so became either essential elements or neutral elements; organisms evolved independently of trace elements with concentrations less than the critical concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732017
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A probable prebiotic peptide formation from glycineamide and related compounds in a neutral aqueous medium participation of nucleoside and 5′-mononucleotide (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 19 (1983), S. 179-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Prebiotic ; Peptide ; Amino acid amide ; Neutral solution ; Nucleoside ; Nucleotide ; Basic catalyst
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Several glycine oligomers were formed up to a hexamer in neutral aqueous solution by using Gly-NH2, an intermediate in the formation of glycine by the Strecker synthesis. The optimum pH was around 7 in order to produce (Gly)2 in the presence of guanosine. The elongation of the glycine peptide was demonstrated by analyzing the n+1 mer of glycine from the reaction of the Gly-NH2 and (Gly)n system. (n=0, 2, 3). The peptide formation was promoted by a basic catalyst such as a nucleic base. Guanosine and GMP showed preferential catalytic effect in regard to peptide formation among nucleosides and 5′-mononucleotides, respectively. This is an example of a specific chemical interaction between an amino acid and nucleic base. Other peptides were formed by using Phac-Phe-NH2 and β-asparagine. The aqueous mixture of phenylpyruvate, ammonium sulfate and glycine gave a peak corresponding to Phac-Phe-Gly in HPLC. The system including β-asparagine and glycine allowed for the formation of α-Asp-Gly and β-Asp-Gly in a ratio of about 1 to 4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02300756
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ribonucleases in Takadiastase (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 185 (1960), S. 462-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Two of the enzymes, which we named ribonuclease TI and ribonuclease T %, were partially purified by the following procedure: heat treatment, ammonium sulphate fractionation, adsorption to and elution from calcium phosphate gel. Ribonuclease TI was further purified by eliminating impurities with ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/185462a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Flavin Monosulphate on Old Yellow Enzyme (1957)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 180 (1957), S. 922-923 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Flavin monosulphate, the sulphate analogue of flavin mononucleotide, has been synthesized by Takahashi, Yagi and Egami8 and shown to be a competitive inhibitor of the association reaction of the protein of D -amino-acid oxidase with its prosthetic group, flavin adenine dinucleotide9. The quenching ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/180922a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of Chloromycetin by a Cell-free Bacterial Extract and its Relation to Nitrite Reduction (1951)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 167 (1951), S. 118-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washed cells of Str. hzmolyticus grown for 24 hr. on a peptone-bouillon-agar medium containing 0.05 per cent sodium nitrite were dried in vacuo over phosphorus pentoxide. If the drying is carried out rapidly to completion, the cells are only ruptured by this simple treatment. The dried cells were ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/167118a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymic Decomposition of Nitromethane by Liver Homogenates (1950)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 165 (1950), S. 365-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the course of a study of the hepatic reduction of nitrate1, we have observed the enzymic decomposition of nitromethane by rabbit liver homogenates to form nitrite ion as one of the products. This seems to be of significance as the first indication of the existence of an enzyme system which ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/165365a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inorganic types of fermentation and anaerobic respirations in the evolution of energy-yielding metabolism (1974)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 5 (1974), S. 405-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We proposed long ago the following sequence as one of the main pathways in the evolution of energy-yielding metabolism: fermentation→nitrate fermentation→nitrate respiration→oxygen respiration. In the present report our concept is presented in a more general form: (1) fermentation→ →(2) fermentation with H2 release→(3) inorganic types of fermentation→(4) anaerobic respirations →(5) oxygen respiration, based upon recent biological and physical information. The energy-yielding efficiency increased gradually together with the evolution. (2) is characterized by the participation of ferredoxin, (3) by the establishment of electron transfer chain, and (4) by the participation of cytochrome and oxidative phosphorylation. The close relationship between the primary structure of ferredoxins of anaerobic bacteria and that of a cytochrome (cytochromec 3) was demonstrated. It reveals that the transition from inorganic types of fermentation to anaerobic respirations was direct and accompanied by the transition from ferredoxins to cytochromes, and it further supports our concept that the cytochrome system, and consequently the oxidative phosphorylation, were induced at this evolutionary step. Our concept based upon biological observations is consistent with a physical theory recently proposed by M. Shimizu.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01207640
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic respiration and photoautotrophy in the evolution of prokaryotes (1977)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 8 (1977), S. 169-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Anaerobic respiration preceded photosynthesis. Chemoautotrophy, photoautotrophy, and oxygen respiration were induced directly or indirectly from anaerobic respiration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00927981
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