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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Epstein, Joshua M -- Sauer, Lauren M -- Chelen, Julia -- Hatna, Erez -- Parker, Jon -- Rothman, Richard E -- Rubinson, Lewis -- England -- Nature. 2014 Dec 18;516(7531):323-5. doi: 10.1038/516323a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Advanced Modeling, and director for systems science of the Johns Hopkins Systems Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. J.M.E. is also external professor at the Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA. ; Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. ; Johns Hopkins Center for Advanced Modeling, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. ; Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. ; R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25519116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Epidemics/*prevention & control ; Health Personnel/*standards ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/*prevention & control/*therapy ; Humans ; Immunity ; Risk ; Social Stigma ; *Survivors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-04-08
    Description: Urban systems present hierarchical structures at many different scales. These are observed as administrative regional delimitations which are the outcome of complex geographical, political and historical processes which leave almost indelible footprints on infrastructure such as the street network. In this work, we uncover a set of hierarchies in Britain at different scales using percolation theory on the street network and on its intersections which are the primary points of interaction and urban agglomeration. At the larger scales, the observed hierarchical structures can be interpreted as regional fractures of Britain, observed in various forms, from natural boundaries, such as National Parks, to regional divisions based on social class and wealth such as the well-known North–South divide. At smaller scales, cities are generated through recursive percolations on each of the emerging regional clusters. We examine the evolution of the morphology of the system as a whole, by measuring the fractal dimension of the clusters at each distance threshold in the percolation. We observe that this reaches a maximum plateau at a specific distance. The clusters defined at this distance threshold are in excellent correspondence with the boundaries of cities recovered from satellite images, and from previous methods using population density.
    Keywords: complexity
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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