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  • 1
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    Development of tumuli in the medial portion of the 1983 aa flow-field, Mount Etna, Sicily (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A number of tumuli formed on the aa-dominated lava fan complex which developed in the medial zone of the 1983 flow-field of Mount Etna during the later stages of the eruption. This complex flow-field formed on shallow sloping ground below a scarp between 1900 and 1700 m asl. A major tube system fed a branching tube network in the fan complex. Numerous tumuli and break-outs of lava formed in the fan. Three main types of tumulus are identified: (1) Focal tumuli, which are formed from the break-up and uplift of `old´, thick lava crust and themselves become sustained sites for the distribution of lava both as flows and within distributary tubes. These focal tumuli are significant centres associated with major tubes. (2) Satellite tumuli, which are typically elongate, whale-back shaped features that branch out from focal tumuli. These satellite tumuli were initially lava flows erupted from a focal tumulus. The crust of the flow slowed or came to a halt and the rigid crust became uplifted and fractured, forming a dome-shaped ridge feature. These satellite tumuli continued to be fed from the focal tumulus and became sites of lava emission with numerous break-outs. (3) Distributary tumuli formed on the fan associated with short-lived break-outs from tubes and are relatively simple structures formed from limited effusion of toey lobes and pahoehoe lava. The major tumuli on the fan complex show distinct dilation fractures. The fracture surfaces provide good exposure of the crust and three distinct zones are recognised – an upper zone showing columnar jointing, a middle zone consisting of planar fracture surfaces and a basal zone with distinctive banded planar fracture surfaces showing evidence of both brittle and ductile formation. Using these data a model is proposed for tumulus growth. Field analysis of the fan complex shows how it was fed by a branching tube system, leading to flow thickening, formation of tumuli and numerous ephemeral boccas.
    Description: Published
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: aa lava flow-field ; Mount Etna ; tumulus ; lava crust and lava tubes. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 520 bytes
    Format: 1046276 bytes
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eric John Aiton (1923–91) (1992)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @British journal for the history of science 25 (1992), S. 253-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-0874
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007087400028818
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multhauf, Robert P.: The Origins of Chemistry : London, Oldbourne, 1967 (1969)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @British journal for the history of science 4 (1969), S. 292-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-0874
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007087400010049
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bergman, Torbern; Schufle, J. A.: Dissertation on Elective Attractions : New York and London, Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1968 (1969)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @British journal for the history of science 4 (1969), S. 411-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-0874
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007087400010372
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hill, Donald: A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times : London, Croom Helm, 1984 (1986)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Urban history 13 (1986), S. 172-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0963-9268
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , History , Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0963926800008099
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mount Etna: Variations in its internal plumbing (1982)
    Springer
    Surveys in geophysics 5 (1982), S. 213-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0956
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of historical records of eruptions and the results of recent volcanological, petrological and geophysical investigations, a model for the internal plumbing of Etna is proposed. It is argued that, over about the last 200 years, hawaiite magma has been fed from a deep-seated crustal reservoir at about 20 km depth to be erupted at the surface with no long term high level storage. This is quite a different model for basaltic plumbing from that suggested for Kilauea Volcano on Hawaii. However, the presence on Etna of ignimbrites, more evolved lavas of mugearite and benmoreite composition, calderas and thick pyroclastic sequences indicates that, at times in the prehistoric past, the style of volcanic activity was different to that of the present. At these times there must have been substantial high level storage of magma in the volcano. It is apparent that the internal plumbing of Etna has varied during the history of the volcano. It is considered that the deep seated crustal reservoir plays an important role in the differentiation of the primitive primary magma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01454016
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal plumbing of Mount Etna (1981)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 290 (1981), S. 584-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Etna is a central-vent volcano some 3 km high, with numerous parasitic cones. The position of the central conduit has shifted with time, each change in location generally being preceded by caldera collapse1. Almost continuous activity occurs at or near the summit where there is a steady effusion of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/290584a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assignment of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A to chromosome 10 by linkage (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 328 (1987), S. 528-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The MEN2A syndrome is characterized by one or more of three types of tumours: medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), phaeo-chromocytomas (PHEOs) and parathyroid adenomas, of which MTC is both the most frequent and most aggressive. MTC and its presumed precursor, C-cell hyperplasia, are commonly detec- ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/328528a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monte Vulture Volcano (Basilicata, Italy): an analysis of morphology and volcaniclastic facies (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 50 (1988), S. 244-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The earliest activity of Monte Vulture, central Italy, included ignimbrites but the bulk of the volcano was built up by plinian airfall deposits. Contemporaneous remobilisation of these deposits formed an apron of lahars around the base of the main cone. The volcano was constructed on a ridge; the valley to the east and tributaries to the north and south became sediment traps for volcaniclastic materials emplaced by fluvial reworking and directly from volcanic activity. To the west the valley was swept clear by active downcutting. Instability of the west flank as a result of this erosion was probably a contributory cause of major gravitational sector collapse on the volcano's flank, terminating the main cone-building phase. The resultant scar is an amphitheatre-shaped hollow called here the Valle dei Grigi. Previous workers have attributed this feature to coalescing calderas formed by engulfment. The last volcanic phase was the production of the Monticchio calderas and associated phreatomagmatic explosions producing airfall and surge deposits. Because most of the activity at Vulture has been repeated plinian eruptions producing similar assemblages of products, detailed stratigraphy of the volcano is difficult to accomplish. To characterise Vulture in terms of its products, various facies are identified and interpreted in relation to volcanic processes, distance from vent and environmental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047487
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-collapse volcanic history of calderas on a composite volcano: an example from Roccamonfina, southern Italy (1992)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 54 (1992), S. 253-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Roccamonfina, part of the Roman Potassic Volcanic Province, is an example of a composite volcano with a complex history of caldera development. The main caldera truncates a cone constructed predominantly of this caldera may have been associated with one of the ignimbritic eruptions of the Brown Leucitic Tuff (BLT) around 385 000 yr BP. The Campagnola Tuff, the youngest ignimbrite of the BLT, however, drapes the caldera margin and must postdate at least the initial stages of collapse. During the subsequent history of the caldera there were several major explosive eruptions. The largest of these was that of the Galluccio Tuff at about 300 000 yr BP. It is likely that there was further collapse within the main caldera associated with these eruptions. It is of note that despite these subsequent major explosive eruptions later collapse occurred within the confines of the main caldera. Between eruptions caldera lakes developed producing numerous lacustrine beds within the caldera fill. Extensive phases of phreatomagmatic activity generated thick sequences of pyroclastic surge and fall deposits. Activity within the main caldera ended with the growth of a large complex of basaltic trachyandestite lava domes around 150 000 yr BP. Early in the history of Roccamonfina sector collapse on the northern flank of the volcano formed the northern caldera. One of the youngest major events on Roccamonfina occurred at the head of this northern caldera with explosive activity producing the Conca Ignimbrite and associated caldera. There is no evidence that there was any linkage in the plumbing systems that fed eruptions in the main and northern calderas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301481
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