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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fumarate dissimilation and differential reductant flow by Clostridium formicoaceticum and Clostridium aceticum (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 160 (1993), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Acetogenesis ; Acetogenic bacteria ; Clostridium aceticum ; Clostridium formicoaceticum ; Fumarate dismutation ; Fumarate dissimilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methanol and the O-methyl group of vanillate did not support the growth of Clostridium formicoaceticum in defined medium under CO2-limited conditions; however, they were growth supportive when fumarate was provided concomitantly. Fumarate alone was not growth supportive under these conditions. Fumarate reduction (dissimilation) to succinate was the predominant electron-accepting, energy-conserving process for methanol-derived reductant under CO2-limited conditions. However, when both reductant sinks, i.e., fumarate and CO2, were available, reductant was redirected towards CO2 in defined medium. In contrast, in undefined medium with both reductant sinks available, C. formicoaceticum simultaneously engaged fumarate dismutation and the concomitant usage of CO2 and fumarate as reductant sinks. With Clostridium aceticum, fumarate also substituted for CO2, and H2 became growth supportive under CO2-limited conditions. Fumarate dissimilation was the predominant electron-accepting process under CO2-limited conditions; however, when both reductant sinks were available, H2-derived reductant was routed towards CO2, indicating that acetogenesis was the preferred electron-accepting process when reductant flow originated from H2. Collectively, these findings indicate that fumarate dissimilation, not dismutation, is selectively used under certain conditions and that such usage of fumarate is subject to complex regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292076
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetogenesis coupled to the oxidation of aromatic aldehyde groups (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 161 (1994), S. 126-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Acetogens ; Clostridium formicoaceticum ; Clostridium aceticum ; Vanillin ; 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde ; Lignin ; Aromatic compounds ; Anaerobic metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Vanillin cultures of Clostridium formicoaceticum produced higher cell densities than did vanillate cultures. During growth at the expense of vanillin, vanillate was the predominat intermediate formed; 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde was not a significantly detectable intermediate. Acetate and protocatechuate were both produced in equimolar ratio relative to vanillin consumption. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde was a growth-supportive aromatic compound for both C. formicoaceticum and Clostridium aceticum (doubling times approximated 5 h), was oxidized stoichiometrically to 4-hydroxybenzoate, and was not appreciably toxic at concentrations up to 15 mM. Acetate was (i) the major reduced end product detected concomitant to growth and to benzaldehyde oxidation and (ii) formed in close approximation to the following stoichiometry: 4 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + 2CO2+2H2O→4 4-hydroxybenzoate + CH3COOH. We conclude that these two acetogens are capable of benzaldehyde-coupled acetogenesis and growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276472
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetogenesis coupled to the oxidation of aromatic aldehyde groups (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 161 (1994), S. 126-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words: Acetogens –Clostridium formicoaceticum–Clostridium aceticum– Vanillin – 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde – Lignin – Aromatic compounds – Anaerobic metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Vanillin cultures of Clostridium formicoaceticum produced higher cell densities than did vanillate cultures. During growth at the expense of vanillin, vanillate was the predominant intermediate formed; 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde was not a significantly detectable intermediate. Acetate and protocatechuate were both produced in equimolar ratio relative to vanillin consumption. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde was a growth-supportive aromatic compound for both C. formicoaceticum and Clostridium aceticum (doubling times approximated 5 h), was oxidized stoichiometrically to 4-hydroxybenzoate, and was not appreciably toxic at concentrations up to 15 mM. Acetate was (i) the major reduced end product detected concomitant to growth and to benzaldehyde oxidation and (ii) formed in close approximation to the following stoichiometry: 4 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde+2 CO2+2 H2O→4 4-hydroxybenzoate+CH3COOH. We conclude that these two acetogens are capable of benzaldehyde-coupled acetogenesis and growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276472
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotransformations of aromatic aldehydes by acetogenic bacteria (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 67 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Vanillin was subjet to O demethylation and supported growth of Clostridium formicoaceticum and Clostridium thermoaceticum. Vanillin was also stimulatory to the CO-dependent growth of Peptostreptococcus productus. the aldehyde substituent of vanillin was metabolized by routes which were dependent upon both the acetogen and a co-metabolizable substrate (e.g. carbon monoxide [CO]). C. formicoaceticum and C. thermoaceticum oxidized the aldehyde group of vanillin to the carboxyl level, while P. productus reduced the aldehyde group of vanillin to the alcohol level. In contrast, during CO-dependent growth, C. thermoaceticum reduced 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde to 4-hydroxylbenzyl alcohol while P. productus both reduced and oxidized 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde to 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and 4-hydroxybenzoate, respectively. These metabolic potentials indicate aromatic aldehydes may affect the flow of reductant during acetogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb13839.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of thermophilic acetogenic bacteria on methoxylated aromatic acids (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 52 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The methoxylated aromatic acids vanillate and syringate supported the growth of Clostridium thermoaceticum and Clostridium thermoautotrophicum in an undefined culture medium (U); p-hydroxybenzoate or U did not support growth. Growth was proportional to the number of O-methyl residues on the aromatic ring and to the concentration of the methoxylated aromatic acid in U. Protein profiles, obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (SDS-PAGE) analysis of cell extracts from vanillate, syringate, methanol, and glucose cultures of C. thermoaceticum, indicated differential gene expression between O-methyl aromatic-, methanol- and glucose-grown cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02566.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of carbon monoxide on one-carbon enzymes and energetics of Clostridium thermoaceticum (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 34 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Clostridium thermoaceticum was cultivated heterotrophically under CO2, carbon monoxide (CO), and H2 gas phases. Formate dehydrogenase (FDH) levels increased 4-fold in CO cultures; formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTS) levels were not influenced by the cultivation gas phases tested. While CO dehydrogenase (CODH) was slightly stimulated in CO cultures, CO-dependent acetyl phosphate-synthesizing system (APSS) activity increased sharply in both CO and H2 cultures. Yglucose values increased, whereas doubling times and acetate to biomass ratios decreased significantly in CO cultures, suggesting that CO cultures were energetically dissimilar to non-CO cultures. This finding, together with the absence of CO-dependent ATP-independent synthesis of formyltetrahydrofolate (formyl-THF), supports the hypothesis that conservation of CO-derived energy involves electron transport phosphorylation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01345.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxalate metabolism by the acetogenic bacterium Moorella thermoacetica (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 231 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Whole-cell and cell-extract experiments were performed to study the mechanism of oxalate metabolism in the acetogenic bacterium Moorella thermoacetica. In short-term, whole-cell assays, oxalate consumption was low unless cell suspensions were supplemented with CO2, KNO3, or Na2S2O3. Cell extracts catalyzed the oxalate-dependent reduction of benzyl viologen. Oxalate consumption occurred concomitant to benzyl viologen reduction; when benzyl viologen was omitted, oxalate was not appreciably consumed. Based on benzyl viologen reduction, specific activities of extracts averaged 0.6 μmol oxalate oxidized min−1 mg protein−1. Extracts also catalyzed the formate-dependent reduction of NADP+; however, oxalate-dependent reduction of NADP+ was negligible. Oxalate- or formate-dependent reduction of NAD+ was not observed. Addition of coenzyme A (CoA), acetyl-CoA, or succinyl-CoA to the assay had a minimal effect on the oxalate-dependent reduction of benzyl viologen. These results suggest that oxalate metabolism by M. thermoacetica requires a utilizable electron acceptor and that CoA-level intermediates are not involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00924-8
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Re-examination of thee metabolic potentials of the acetogens Clostridium aceticum and Clostridium formicoaceticum: chemolithoautotrophic and aromatic-dependent growth (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 95 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Both Clostridium formicoaceticum and Clostridium aceticum grew chemolithoautotrophically on carbon monoxide plus CO2 in defined medium in the absence of carbohydrates, amino acids, or other carbon and energy sources. Formate supported the growth of both organisms as well in both defined and undefined media (both of which also contained CO2). Hydrogen was stimulatory to the growth of C. formicoaceticum upon first transfer into H2-enriched formate medium; however, neither chemlithoautotrophic growth at the expense of H2 plus CO2 nor hydrogenase could be demonstrated with this acetogen. Consistent with recent findings with other acetogens, numerous aromatic compounds were utilized by C. aceticum and C. formicoaceticum: (i) aromatic methoxyl groups were O-demethylated; (ii) aromatic acrylates were reduced; and (iii) aromatic aldehydes were oxidized. These findings demonstrate th that the metabolic potentials of these two acetogens are greater than previously recognized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05341.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative evaluation of the metabolic potentials of different strains of Peptostreptococcus productus: utilization and transformation of aromatic compounds (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 94 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three strains of Peptostreptococcus productus were tested for growth at the expense of methoxylated aromatic compounds. Strain M8A-18 (human fecal isolate) was unable to utilize methoxylated aromatic compounds. While the type strain ATCC 27340 (human septicemia isolate) was capable of minimal growth with methoxylated aromatic compounds, ATCC 35244 (sewage sludge isolate) displayed significant growth on methoxylated aromatic compounds. Methoxylated phenols, benzoates, benzyl alcohol and phenylacrylates supported the growth of ATCC 35244 and were O-demethylated to their respective hydroxylated derivatives. During O-methyl- or CO-dependent growth, the double bond of the acrylate side chain of certain methoxylated and non-methoxylated phenylacrylates was reduced. Although other aromatic substituent groups (-COOH and -CH3) were transformed during CO-dependent growth, in short-term growth studies, the aromatic ring was not subject to reduction or degradation. Of the three strains tested, only strain M8A-18 failed to grow at the expense of carbon monoxide (CO).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05291.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycolate as a metabolic substrate for the acetogen Moorella thermoacetica (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 170 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Glycolate was growth supportive for Moorella thermoacetica ATCC 39073. Growth occurred in undefined and basal culture media containing 20 mM glycolate and was proportional to the concentration of glycolate (10–40 mM). Nitrate inhibited glycolate-dependent growth in the basal medium. Acetate and cell biomass were the major end products recovered from glycolate. The molar ratio (moles of glycolate required to synthesize a mole of acetate) averaged 1.4 and was in close agreement with the theoretical ratio of 1.3 for glycolate-derived acetogenesis. Glycolate-dependent growth yielded approximately 3-fold less biomass per pair of reducing equivalents utilized than did oxalate- or glyoxylate-dependent growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13400.x
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