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  • 1
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    Warming of Atlantic Waters in Fram Strait and Underneath the 79°N-Glacier (2016)
    In:  EPIC3Ocean Sciences Meeting, 2016-02-21-2016-02-26
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-24
    Description: The ocean plays an important role in modulating the mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet by delivering heat to the marine-terminating outlet glaciers around Greenland. A key region for the mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet is the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream. This large ice stream drains the second-largest basin of the Greenland Ice Sheet and feeds three outlet glaciers. The largest one is Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden (79°N-Glacier) featuring an 80 km long floating ice tongue. Observations showed that warm waters of Atlantic origin are present in the subglacial cavity and cause strong basal melt at the grounding line of the 79°N-Glacier. In order to study the relevant processes of glacier-ocean interaction with respect to the North Atlantic warming, we combine observations and model work. In general the complex continental shelf bathymetry steers the flux of warm water of Atlantic origin from the open ocean onto the continental shelf and into the sub-glacial cavity of the 79°N-Glacier. Based on historic and recent hydrographic observations, we show that the warmest water observed in the cavity of the 79°N-Glacier originates from the south-eastern entry via Norske Trough, where modified Atlantic Water recirculated in Fram Strait enters the continental shelf area. We found that these Atlantic waters, both on the shelf and in the cavity, have become warmer by about 0.5°C during the last two decades. We propose that an increase in Atlantic Water temperatures in Fram Strait likely propagates onto the continental shelf and underneath the 79°N-Glacier, where it may cause increased basal melt. This is supported by first results based on model runs with a high-resolution configuration of the Finite Element Sea ice Ocean Model (FESOM).
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 2
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    USING FLUORESCENT DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER TO TRACE ARCTIC SURFACE FRESH WATER (2016)
    In:  EPIC3FAMOS Workshop, Woods Hole, MA, USA, 2016-11
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-25
    Description: Climate change affects the Arctic environment with regards to permafrost thaw, changes in the riverine runoff and subsequent export of fresh water and terrestrial material to the Arctic Ocean. In this context, the Fram Strait represents a major pathway for export to the Atlantic basin. We assess the potential of visible wavelength dissolved organic matter fluorescence (VIS-FDOM) to trace the origin of Arctic outflow waters. Oceanographic surveys were performed in the Fram Strait, as well as on the east Greenland shelf (following the East Greenland Current), in late summer 2012 and 2013. Meteoric (fmw), sea-ice melt (fsim), Atlantic (faw) and Pacific (fpw) water fractions were determined and FDOM components were identified by PARAFAC modeling. In Fram Strait and east Greenland shelf, a robust correlation between VIS-FDOM and fmw was apparent, suggesting it as a reliable tracer of polar waters. However, variability was observed in the origin of polar waters, in relation to contribution of faw and fpw, between the sampled years. VIS-FDOM traced this variability, and distinguished between the origins of the halocline waters as originating in either the Eurasian or Canada basins. The findings presented highlight the potential of designing in situ DOM fluorometers to trace the freshwater origins and decipher water mass dynamics in the region.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 3
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    Fluorescent dissolved organic matter as a biogeochemical tracer in the Davis Strait (2016)
    In:  EPIC3YOUMARES 7, Hamburg, Germany, 2016-09
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-25
    Description: Climate change affects the Arctic environment with regards to permafrost thaw, sea-ice melt, alterations to the freshwater budget and increased export of terrestrial material to the Arctic Ocean. The Davis Strait, together with the Fram Strait, represents the major gateways connecting the Arctic and Atlantic. Oceanographic survey was performed in the Davis Strait in late summer 2013, where hydrographical data and water samples were collected. Meteoric (fmw), sea-ice melt, Atlantic (faw) and Pacific (fpw) water fractions were determined. The underlying fluorescence properties of dissolved organic matter (FDOM) were characterized by applying Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC), which isolated three fluorescent components. Visible wavelength FDOM (VIS-FDOM), associated to terrestrial humic-like material, was capable of tracing the Arctic outflow due to high values observed in association to Arctic Polar waters (PW) exiting through Davis Strait. Furthermore, VIS-FDOM was correlated to apparent oxygen utilization and traced deep-water turnover of DOM and also allowed to distinguish between surface waters from eastern (Atlantic + modified PW) and western (Canada-basin PW) sectors. The presented findings highlight the potential of designing in situ DOM fluorometers to trace the freshwater origins and decipher water mass mixing dynamics in the region and the potential of FDOM as a biogeochemical tracer.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 4
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    Fluorescent dissolved organic matter as a biogeochemical tracer in the Davis Strait (2016)
    In:  EPIC3YOUMARES 7, Hamburg, Germany, 2016-09
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-25
    Description: Climate change affects the Arctic environment with regards to permafrost thaw, sea-ice melt, alterations to the freshwater budget and increased export of terrestrial material to the Arctic Ocean. The Davis Strait, together with the Fram Strait, represents the major gateways connecting the Arctic and Atlantic. Oceanographic survey was performed in the Davis Strait in late summer 2013, where hydrographical data and water samples were collected. Meteoric (fmw), sea-ice melt, Atlantic (faw) and Pacific (fpw) water fractions were determined. The underlying fluorescence properties of dissolved organic matter (FDOM) were characterized by applying Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC), which isolated three fluorescent components. Visible wavelength FDOM (VIS-FDOM), associated to terrestrial humic-like material, was capable of tracing the Arctic outflow due to high values observed in association to Arctic Polar waters (PW) exiting through Davis Strait. Furthermore, VIS-FDOM was correlated to apparent oxygen utilization and traced deep-water turnover of DOM and also allowed to distinguish between surface waters from eastern (Atlantic + modified PW) and western (Canada-basin PW) sectors. The presented findings highlight the potential of designing in situ DOM fluorometers to trace the freshwater origins and decipher water mass mixing dynamics in the region and the potential of FDOM as a biogeochemical tracer.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 5
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    USING FLUORESCENT DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER TO TRACE ARCTIC SURFACE FRESH WATER (2016)
    In:  EPIC3FAMOS Workshop 2016, Woods Hole, MA, USA, 2016-11
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-25
    Description: Climate change affects the Arctic environment with regards to permafrost thaw, changes in the riverine runoff and subsequent export of fresh water and terrestrial material to the Arctic Ocean. In this context, the Fram Strait represents a major pathway for export to the Atlantic basin. We assess the potential of visible wavelength dissolved organic matter fluorescence (VIS-FDOM) to trace the origin of Arctic outflow waters. Oceanographic surveys were performed in the Fram Strait, as well as on the east Greenland shelf (following the East Greenland Current), in late summer 2012 and 2013. Meteoric (fmw), sea-ice melt (fsim), Atlantic (faw) and Pacific (fpw) water fractions were determined and FDOM components were identified by PARAFAC modeling. In Fram Strait and east Greenland shelf, a robust correlation between VIS-FDOM and fmw was apparent, suggesting it as a reliable tracer of polar waters. However, variability was observed in the origin of polar waters, in relation to contribution of faw and fpw, between the sampled years. VIS-FDOM traced this variability, and distinguished between the origins of the halocline waters as originating in either the Eurasian or Canada basins. The findings presented highlight the potential of designing in situ DOM fluorometers to trace the freshwater origins and decipher water mass dynamics in the region.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 6
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    Large ice loss variability at Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden Glacier, Northeast-Greenland (2018)
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, 9(1)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-21
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    Using fluorescent dissolved organic matter to trace and distinguish the origin of Arctic surface waters (2016)
    Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Nature, 6, pp. 33978, ISSN: 2045-2322
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-10
    Description: Climate change affects the Arctic with regards to permafrost thaw, sea-ice melt, alterations to the freshwater budget and increased export of terrestrial material to the Arctic Ocean. The Fram and Davis Straits represent the major gateways connecting the Arctic and Atlantic. Oceanographic surveys were performed in the Fram and Davis Straits, and on the east Greenland Shelf (EGS), in late summer 2012/2013. Meteoric (fmw), sea-ice melt, Atlantic and Pacific water fractions were determined and the fluorescence properties of dissolved organic matter (FDOM) were characterized. In Fram Strait and EGS, a robust correlation between visible wavelength fluorescence and fmw was apparent, suggesting it as a reliable tracer of polar waters. However, a pattern was observed which linked the organic matter characteristics to the origin of polar waters. At depth in Davis Strait, visible wavelength FDOM was correlated to apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) and traced deep-water DOM turnover. In surface waters FDOM characteristics could distinguish between surface waters from eastern (Atlantic + modified polar waters) and western (Canada-basin polar waters) Arctic sectors. The findings highlight the potential of designing in situ multi-channel DOM fluorometers to trace the freshwater origins and decipher water mass mixing dynamics in the region without laborious samples analyses.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 8
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    Warm water pathways toward Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden Glacier, Northeast Greenland (2017)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, Wiley, 122(5), pp. 4004-4020, ISSN: 0148-0227
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-02
    Description: Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden Glacier (79NG) is the largest of three marine-terminating outlet glaciers draining the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream. To understand how Atlantic waters supply waters in the cavity beneath the floating 79NG, we analyze historic and recent bathymetric, hydrographic, and velocity observations obtained on the Northeast Greenland continental shelf. The bathymetry is characterized by a trough system, consisting of the Westwind Trough and the Norske Trough in the northern and southern part of the continental shelf, respectively. Atlantic waters recirculating in Fram Strait cross the shelf break and enter the trough system at its southeastern inlet toward the inner shelf. Warm Atlantic Intermediate Water (AIW) present below 200 m in the Norske Trough shows large contributions of the recirculating Atlantic water. We found that the bathymetry is sufficiently deep to provide a direct subsurface pathway for warm AIW between the shelf break and the 79NG cavity via the Norske Trough. Likewise, based on the hydrographic data, we show that the Norske Trough supplies AIW warmer than 1°C to the 79NG, which is not present in the Westwind Trough. Our moored and lowered velocity measurements indicate that a boundary current carries warm AIW along the northeastern slope of Norske Trough toward the 79NG. We suggest that anomalies in Atlantic water temperatures in Fram Strait could reach 79NG within less than 1.5 years, thereby modifying the glacier's basal melt rates.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 9
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    Spatiotemporal Variability of Barium in Arctic Sea‐Ice and Seawater (2018)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-01
    Print ISSN: 2169-9275
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9291
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 10
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    Collection of Water Samples from an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle for Tracer Analysis (2006)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-01
    Description: A compact water sampler rated to full ocean depth has been deployed from an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to enable oceanographic tracer measurements. Techniques developed to allow the instrument to collect up to 49 samples of sufficient purity for tracer measurement without the need for extensive flushing have increased its sampling frequency, allowing a 200-mL seawater sample to be collected in 10 min. This is achieved by flushing the instrument and sample containers before deployment with a fluid of known properties that can be detected after recovery using salinity analysis. A deployment in which water samples were collected for oxygen isotope ratio analysis is presented as an example. Factors limiting the reliability of the instrument when deployed from an AUV are identified and procedures are developed to address critical problems.
    Print ISSN: 0739-0572
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0426
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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