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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 788-790 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Agglutinability by concanavalin A was measured with HeLa65 cells grown with prednisolone or sodium butyrate, 2 compounds that increase the activity of the carcinoplacental form of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme localized in membranes. Prednisolone enhanced concanavalin A agglutination approximately 3-fold while sodium butyrate had no effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 13 (1992), S. 128-136 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of the type of gas on the performance of microbubble skin friction reduction was investigated on an axisymmetric body. Gases were selected which covered a wide range of densities and solubilities. Integrated skin friction measurements, which span a range of velocities (U ∞) from roughly 10 to 20 m/s and tunnel pressures from 1 to 2.6 atm, are presented as a function of gas flow rate. All gases show qualitatively similar behavior. The gas volume flowrate, referenced to injector ambient conditions (tunnel temperature and pressure), is shown to correlate the drag reducing behavior of all the gases at one velocity, independent of pressure. A normalization based on the volume flowrate through the turbulent boundary layer is shown to nearly collapse all the results independent of velocity or pressure. The results indicate that high ambient pressures may degrade the drag reducing capabilities of highly soluble gases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 15 (1993), S. 130-132 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Several recent studies have shown elevated RMS velocities in laser Doppler measurements of wall bounded shear flows. We show here, through a simple model, that vibration of the probe volume is a likely contributor to these elevated values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 177 (1956), S. 885-886 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The important work of Paneth's group1 on the helium ages of iron meteorites shows uranium and thorium contents of 0-1-1 X 10"8 gm./gm. Davis's radium determinations on seven iron meteorites gave uranium equivalents of the same order of magnitude2. The meaning of the helium ages has been discussed ...
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 39 (1977), S. 259-266 
    ISSN: 0092-8240
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 39 (1977), S. 259-266 
    ISSN: 0092-8240
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 2140-2146 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An array of flush-mounted hot film probes has been used to measure the local shear stress reduction as a result of microbubble injection over an axisymmetric body at the four discrete, free-stream speeds of 4.6, 10.7, 13.2, and 16.8 m/sec. Visualization of the bubble flow pattern supplement these results at intermediate free-stream speeds. At speeds of 10.7 m/sec and above, a circumferential gradient in skin friction, with skin friction reduction larger at the top than at the bottom of the model occurs at some distance downstream of injection. For these speeds, the gradient is stronger at the lower speeds and higher gas injection conditions. Higher speeds tend to drive the axial location of the gradient farther from the injection location. At speeds below 10.7 m/sec, the flow is dominated by a double vortex structure that entrains the bubbles at the bottom and sides of the model and transports them to the top. At sufficiently high gas flow rates a cavity, large enough to be observed visually, is formed just upstream of the vortices, centered near the body midline. The axial position of the cavity is roughly independent of flow speed and gas flow conditions. The transport of bubbles by the vortices, to the top of the body, is the cause of the poor skin friction reduction performance of microbubble injection at low speeds on an axisymmetric shape. Integration of the current local skin friction results gives good agreement with earlier drag balance measurements. The persistence of the drag reduction phenomenon with axial distance as well as the statistics of the shear stress fluctuations are quite similar to what was observed earlier on flat plates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 2948-2954 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The influence of both a favorable and an adverse applied axial pressure gradient on microbubble-induced skin friction reduction was examined. An 87 mm diameter, 632 mm long model equipped with a 273 mm long cylindrical force balance was employed. Experiments were carried out in a 305 mm diameter water tunnel, at free-stream speeds of 4.6, 7.6, 10.7, 13.7, and 16.8 m/sec. Air was injected at rates as high as 12×10−3 m3/sec. Measurement of the static pressure along the body with gas injection demonstrated that gas injection did not alter the pressure gradient and that the flow remained axisymmetric. Reductions in skin friction for the zero pressure gradient case agreed well with the earlier results of Deutsch and Castano [Phys. Fluids 29, 3590 (1986)]. The adverse-gradient-induced separation of the boundary layer for speeds at and above 7.6 m/sec, for air injection rates in excess of 5.0×10−3 m3/sec. The favorable gradient strongly inhibited the drag reduction mechanism [47].
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 1 (1989), S. 1360-1362 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Shear stress fluctuation statistics, as measured by flush mounted hot film probes, are presented for both microbubble and polymer injection into the same zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer. At equivalent values of drag reduction, the moments of the probability distribution are remarkably similar. For drag reductions larger than about 40%, the deviation of the skewness and kurtosis values from their pure water values argue against simple scaling explanations of the drag reduction phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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