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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Stable isotopes as indicators of ecological change (2007)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier [u.a.]
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 08.0417 ; M 08.0417(2.Ex.)
    In: Terrestrial ecology series
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1: Ecological isotope archives; 2: Plant-based isotope data a indicators of ecological change; 3: Animal-based isotope data as indicators of ecological change; 4: Isotope composition of trace gasses, sediments and biomarkers as recorders of change; 5: Humans, isotopes and ecological change; 6: New challenges and frontiers: biodiversity, ecological change and stable isotope networks.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xviii, 417 S. , graph. Darst., Kt. , 26cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780123736277
    Series Statement: Terrestrial ecology series
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urbanization effects on tree growth in the vicinity of New York City (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 424 (2003), S. 183-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Plants in urban ecosystems are exposed to many pollutants and higher temperatures, CO2 and nitrogen deposition than plants in rural areas. Although each factor has a detrimental or beneficial influence on plant growth, the net effect of all factors and the key driving variables are ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01728
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STABLE ISOTOPES IN PLANT ECOLOGY (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 33 (2002), S. 507-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The use of stable isotope techniques in plant ecological research has grown steadily during the past two decades. This trend will continue as investigators realize that stable isotopes can serve as valuable nonradioactive tracers and nondestructive integrators of how plants today and in the past have interacted with and responded to their abiotic and biotic environments. At the center of nearly all plant ecological research which has made use of stable isotope methods are the notions of interactions and the resources that mediate or influence them. Our review, therefore, highlights recent advances in plant ecology that have embraced these notions, particularly at different spatial and temporal scales. Specifically, we review how isotope measurements associated with the critical plant resources carbon, water, and nitrogen have helped deepen our understanding of plant-resource acquisition, plant interactions with other organisms, and the role of plants in ecosystem studies. Where possible we also introduce how stable isotope information has provided insights into plant ecological research being done in a paleontological context. Progress in our understanding of plants in natural environments has shown that the future of plant ecological research will continue to see some of its greatest advances when stable isotope methods are applied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.020602.095451
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and characterization of QTL underlying whole-plant physiology in Arabidopsis thaliana: δ13C, stomatal conductance and transpiration efficiency (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Water limitation is one of the most important factors limiting crop productivity world-wide and has likely been an important selective regime influencing the evolution of plant physiology. Understanding the genetic and physiological basis of drought adaptation is therefore important for improving crops as well as for understanding the evolution of wild species. Here, results are presented from quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of flowering time (a drought escape mechanism) and carbon stable isotope ratio (δ13C) (a drought-avoidance mechanism) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Whole-genome scans were performed using multiple-QTL models for both additive and epistatic QTL effects. We mapped five QTL affecting flowering time and five QTL affecting δ13C, but two genomic regions contained QTL with effects on both traits, suggesting a potential pleiotropic relationship. In addition, we observed QTL–QTL interaction for both traits. Two δ13C QTL were captured in near-isogenic lines to further characterize their physiological basis. These experiments revealed allelic effects on δ13C through the upstream trait of stomatal conductance with subsequent consequences for whole plant transpiration efficiency and water loss. Our findings document considerable natural genetic variation in whole-plant, drought resistance physiology of Arabidopsis and highlight the value of quantitative genetic approaches for exploring functional relationships regulating physiology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01313.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Streamside trees that do not use stream water (1991)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 350 (1991), S. 335-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The use of stable isotopes at natural abundance levels in ecological, physiological and environmental research has greatly increased over the past decade4'6. Whereas previous ecological work has emphasized the usefulness of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur isotopes, hydrogen and/or oxygen isotope ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/350335a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation in and covariation between leaf gas exchange, morphology, and development in Polygonum arenastrum, an annual plant (1990)
    Springer
    Oecologia 85 (1990), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Polygonum arenastrum ; Photosynthesis ; Water-use efficiency ; Development ; Morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We present evidence of genetic variation in and covariation between leaf-level gas exchange properties and leaf size among family lines of Polygonum arenastrum. This self-fertilizing annual had previously been shown to vary genetically in developmental phenology and in morphology (size of leaves, internodes, flowers and seeds) (Geber 1990). Significant family differences were found in photosynthetic carbon assimilation rate (A), lcaf conductance to water vapor (g), instantaneous water-use efficiency (WUE), and leaf carbon isotope discrimination (Δ). A strong positive genetic correlation between A and g suggested that there was stomatal limitation on A. In addition, higher g led to relatively greater increases in transpiration, E, than in assimilation, A, so that families with high rates of gas exchange had lower instantaneous WUE and/or higher carbon isotope discrimination values. Leaf size and gas exchange were genetically correlated. In earlier studies leaf size was found to be genetically correlated with developmental phenology (Geber 1990). The pattern that emerges is one in which small-leaved families (which also have small internodes, flowers, and seeds) tend to have high gas exchange rates, low WUE, rapid development to flowering and high early fecundity, but reduced life span and maximum (vegetative and reproductive) yield compared to large-leaved families. We suggest that this pattern may have arisen from selection for contrasting suites of characters adapted to environments differing in season length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319396
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal carbon isotope discrimination in a grassland community (1991)
    Springer
    Oecologia 85 (1991), S. 314-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Carbon isotope discrimination ; Carbon isotope ratio ; Stable isotopes ; Grassland ; Community ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Grassland communities of arid western North America are often characterized by a seasonal increase in ambient temperature and evaporative demand and a corresponding decline in soil moisture availability. As the environment changes, particular species could respond differently, which should be reflected in a number of physiological processes. Carbon isotope discrimination varies during photosynthetic activity as a function of both stomatal aperture and the biochemistry of the fixation process, and provides an integrated measure of plant response to seasonal changes in the environment. We measured the seasonal course of carbon isotope discrimination in 42 grassland species to evaluate changes in gas exchange processes in response to these varying environmental factors. The seasonal courses were then used to identify community-wide patterns associated with life form, with phenology and with differences between grasses and forbs. Significant differences were detected in the following comparisons: (1) Carbon isotope discrimination decreased throughout the growing season; (2) perennial species discriminated less than annual species; (3) grasses discriminated less than forbs; and (4) early flowering species discriminated more than the later flowering ones. These comparisons suggested that (1) species active only during the initial, less stressful months of the growing season used water less efficiently, and (2) that physiological responses increasing the ratio of carbon fixed to water lost were common in these grassland species, and were correlated with the increase in evaporative demand and the decrease in soil moisture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320605
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecological correlates of seed mass variation in Phoradendron juniperinum, a xylem-tapping mistletoe (1991)
    Springer
    Oecologia 85 (1991), S. 332-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Mistletoe ; Seed mass variation ; Establishment ; Carbon to nitrogen ratio ; Phoradendron juniperinum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We investigated several ecological correlates of seed mass variation in the hemiparasitic, xylemtapping mistletoe, Phoradendron juniperinum. Mean seed mass varied two-fold among plants between the ages of 4 and 14 years old and was positively correlated with parental plant age. Both the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation in mean seed mass decreased with increasing plant age demonstrating that, on average, younger plants produced seed with more variable mass. Nitrogen concentrations (mg nitrogen per gram of seed) of both the seed and “fruit” (pericarp) were not correlated with mass or the age of the parent plant from which the seed was taken. However, the nitrogen content per seed (mg nitrogen per seed) was positively correlated with the mean seed dry mass and the age of the seed parent, suggesting that the carbon to nitrogen ratio of individual seeds remained relatively constant as seed mass increased and plants grew older. Seed germination ranged between 20% and 86% and was positively correlated with mass and parental plant age. Heavier seeds (seeds from older plants) also had the highest root radicle growth rates. Furthermore, the final root radicle length after 76 d of growth was positively correlated with seed dry mass. When grown on a medium containing an extract prepared from the host plant foliage, all seeds showed lower germination, grew more slowly and had shorter overall root radicles, but had significantly greater development of the haustorial “disks” (the holdfast which forms the host-parasite junction in Phoradendron) than seeds grown on a control medium. Our results suggest that, on average, seeds of greater mass produced by older plants have a greater total resource pool per propagule (fruit + seed). This resource pool may be important in conferring a greater potential for dispersal (fruit), survival, colonization, and establishment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320608
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature and food quality influences feeding behavior, assimilation efficiency and growth rate of arctic woolly-bear caterpillars (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 79 (1989), S. 526-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Insect-plant interaction ; Arctic ; Assimilation efficiency ; Gynaephora groenlandica ; Salix arctica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The energy budget for feeding activity and growth of larval Gynaephora groenlandica was investigated on the tundra and in the laboratory. Larvae fed only in June when the buds and young leaves of Salix arctica, its principal host plant, contained the highest concentrations of macro-nutrients and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC). The mid-summer hiatus in larval feeding was coincident with an abrupt decline in the TNC content of leaves and a buildup of plant secondary metabolites in the leaves of S. arctica. Following cessation of feeding, the larvae remained concealed from the sun within crevices and vegetation mats. Growth rates of larvae incubated at 15 and 30°C were similar (4.7–5.0 mg/larva/day), but the assimilation efficiency at 15°C was four times greater (40%) than at 30°C. Growth rates were lowest at 5°C (0.22mg/larva/day) as was the assimilation efficiency (6.6%), because of the extended residence time of food in the gut. The high rate of ingestion and excretion at 30°C was caused by elevated maintenance metabolism. Changes in metabolic state influenced oxygen consumption, which was highest for feeding larvae (0.29 ml/g/h) and significantly lower for each, digesting, moving, starved larvae, and lowest for inactive larvae (0.06 ml/g/h). An influence of temperature and leaf quality on digestion rate and maintenance metabolism is the most likely cause of the feeding behavior pattern in G. groenlandica. The larvae may undergo “voluntary hypothermia” in order to avoid an energy, deficit resulting from high maintenance metabolism during mid-season when the energy content and food quality declines. The restriction of growth and development to a very short period prior to mid-summer may have contributed, to the extended 14-year life cycle of this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378671
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraspecific variation in the water relations of Salix arctica, an arctic-alpine dwarf willow (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 79 (1989), S. 322-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Water relations ; Arctic-alpine ; Intraspecific variation ; Salix
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The seasonal and diurnal water relations were investigated within arctic and alpine populations of the dwarf willow Salix arctica. Marked differences that were habitat dependent (e.g. xeric vs. mesic) occured both within and between the populations. The environmental variables that most affected plant water balance and the bulk tissue water relations were soil water potential (Ψsoil) and the leafto-air water vapor pressure gradient (Δw), however, low soil temperature (〈4.0° C) also had a marked effect in the wet to mesic habitats. The effects of declining Ψsoil and increased
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384311
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